Haegeman argued that the wh-movement leaves a trace in its original position that coindexed with the moved element. A trace is an empty category that occupies a
position in syntactic structure. It occupies an empty position which is left behind when some element are moved.
2.3 Theoretical Framework
Theoretical framework is about the theories which were used in analyzing the data. In this study there are two things to be discussed: structure of relative
clauses, types of relative clauses.
2.3.1 Structure of Relative Clause
The structure of relative clauses found in the novel Looking for Alaska by John Green will be analyzed using Phrase Structure Rule byWekker and
Haegeman 1985 in their book entitledA Modern Course in English Syntax. According to Wekker and Haegeman1985:11 Phrase structure rule is a
rule which is used to sum up the system of expanding one unit into other units. These are four Phrase Structure rules:
S ScoordS
S NP VP
VP VNP
NP DetN
N
The last bracket indicates that NP may be expanded or rewritten as either DetN or N.
Moreover, according to them all NP have one head N. The head N usually accompanied by some elements that placed either before the head or after the
head. The elements that placed before the head are determiners the, a, this, that, my, etc.
besides it, it also may be preceded by adjective phrases which is said as premodifier. On the other hand, the elements that placed after the head N have
functions as postmodifier, for example:
A girl who loves book
The head of the NP above is girl which is preceded by a determiner a and followed by a relative clause who loves book which functions as postmodifier.
According to Wekker and Haegeman 1985 the clause that follows the head N in a NP and has function as postmodifier labeled as
�̅ S-bar or S S-prime. �̅ or S is a unit that contain the subordinator and subordinate clause, so the constituent of
S will be as follows: Based on the explanation above the NP structure are as follows:
NP Det
N S
,or NP
N S
S Rel
S The Rel in S-bar S is relative pronoun
Relative clause is a subordinate clause that modifies a noun or noun phrase. Relative clause functions as postmodifier since it immediately follows the noun or
noun phrase it modifies. Therefore, based on the explanation above about the four
