An Analysis Of Adjective Clauses Found In Jane Green’s Novel Another Piece Of My Heart

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AN ANALYSIS OF ADJECTIVE CLAUSES FOUND IN JANE

GREEN’S NOVEL ANOTHER PIECE OF MY HEART

A PAPER BY

NURHALIMATUSA’DIAH REG. NO. 122202001

DIPLOMA – III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA MEDAN

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It has been proved by

Supervisor,

NIP.195711171983032002 Dr. Deliana, M.Hum

Submitted to Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Diploma-III in English Study Program

Approved by

Head of English Diploma Study Program,

NIP 19521126198112 1 001 Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A.

Approved by the Diploma-III of English Study Program Faculty of Culture Study, University of North Sumatera As a Paper for the Diploma-III Examination

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Accepted by:

The Board of Examiner in partial of the requirements for the D-III Examination of the Diploma-III of English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara.

The examination is held on the

Faculty of Culture Study University of North Sumatera Dean,

Nip: 19511013197603 1 001 Dr. Syahron Lubis, MA

Board of Examiners Examiners:

1. Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. (Head of ESP) 2. Dr. Deliana, M.Hum (Supervisor) 3. Dr. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum (Reader)

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I am, NURHALIMATUSA’DIAH, declare that I am the sole of author of this paper. Except where reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed :

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : NURHALIMATUSA’DIAH

Title of paper : AN ANALYSIS OF ADJECTIVE CLAUSES FOUND IN

JANE GREEN’S NOVEL ANOTHER PIECE OF MY HEART Qualification : D-III/Ahli Madya

Study Program : English

1. I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Libertarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Letters USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

2. I am not willing that my papers be made available for reproduction.

Signed :

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ABSTRACT

English Grammar is one of many studies that we have to understand when we want to be a master in English. One of many aspects that can be studied in English grammar is adjective clause. The title of this paper is An Analysis of Adjective Clauses Found in Jane Green’s Novel Another Piece of My Heart. The problems discussed in this paper are how many adjective clauses found in the novel and what the most dominant adjective clause found in the novel is. The writer uses library method and quantitative research to collect all data and sources in writing this paper. The theories used in this paper are the grammarians’ theories like Marcella Frank. From the research result can be concluded there are 413 adjective clauses found in Jane Green’s Novel Another Piece of My Heart and adjective clauses referring to a person by using relative pronoun who is the most dominant adjective clause used in Jane Green’s Novel Another Piece of My Heart with a percentage 43,6%.

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ABSTRAK

Tatabahasa Inggris merupakan salah satu pelajaran yang kita harus pahami ketika kita ingin menguasai Bahasa Inggris. Salah satu materi yang dapat dipelajari dalam tatabahasa Inggris tersebut adalah klausa sifat. Dan judul dari kertas karya ini adalah An Analysis of Adjective Clauses Found in Jane Green’s Novel Another Piece of My Heart. Masalah yang dibahas dalam kertas karya ini yaitu berapa banyak klausa sifat dan klausa sifat apa yang paling dominan yang ditemukan dalam novel tersebut. Penulis menggunakan metode kepustakaan dan juga penelitian kuantitatif untuk mengumpulkan data dan sumber acuan penulisan kertas karya ini. Teori yang digunakan dalam kertas karya ini merupakan teori para ahli tatabahasa Inggris salah satunya Marcella Frank. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada 413 klausa sifat yang ditemukan dalam novel Jane Green yang berjudul Another Piece of My Heart dan klausa sifat yang merujuk kepada seseorang dengan menggunakan kata ganti relatif ‘who’ adalah klausa sifat yang paling dominan yang digunakan dalam novel Jane Green yang berjudul Another Piece of My Heart dengan persentase sebesar 43,6%.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to thank and praise to the Almighty, Allah SWT for blessing and giving me health, strength, and ease to accomplish this paper. This paper is accomplished in order to fulfill one of the requirements to get Diploma III certificate from English Study Program in Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara.

I realize that, without helps and guidance from many people, since I have been studying in this program until this time I accomplish this paper, it is so hard for me to accomplish this paper. Because of that, I would like to express my deep gratitude, love, and appreciation to:

Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A. as the dean of Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara.

Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. as the Head of English Diploma Study Program.

Dr. Deliana, M.Hum as my supervisor. Thank you for the time giving advice, suggestions, guidance, and help to write this paper.

Dr. Masdiana Lubis, M. Hum as my reader. Thank you for your time and guidance so I can perfect my paper.

All lecturers in English Study Program for giving me advice and knowledge.

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My beloved parents, Abdul Rahim, S.Pdand Sulastri and also my handsome brother, Abdul Rahman who have given me the motivation, advice, pray, love and support. I present this paper for you all.

My best friends Nindya Kartika Sari, Frirawiati Adrianti, Bella Gayatri, and Jannatul Maqwah Lubis who have helped me a lot in accomplishing this paper. And all my friends in English Diploma III A and B. Thank you very much for your support.

Thank you for everybody who has helped the writer and all of you will be remembered forever.

And finally, I hope the Almighty God is pleased to repay all the kindness from all people who helped me. Hopefully this paper can be useful to develop our knowledge.

Medan, July 2015 The writer,

Nurhalimatusa’diah Reg. No. 122202001

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... i

ABSTRACT ... iii

ABSTRAK ... iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vii

LIST OF TABLES ... viii

1. INTRODUCTION ... 1

1.1 Background of the Study ... 1

1.2 Problem of the Study ... 3

1.3 Scope of the Study ... 3

1.4 Purpose of the Study ... 3

1.5 Method of the Study ... 3

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 5

2.1Definition of Clause ... 5

2.2Kinds of Clauses ... 6

3. ANALYSIS ... 13

3.1 Total of Adjective Clauses Found in Jane Green’s Novel Another Piece of My Heart ... 13

3.2 The Dominant Adjective Clause Found in Jane Green’s Novel Another Piece of My Heart ... 47

4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... 49

4.1 Conclusions ... 49

4.2 Suggestions ... 49

REFERENCES ... 50

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Types and Functions of Noun Clause ... 7

Table 2.2 Types of Adverbial Clauses ... 10

Table 2.3 Types of Adjective Clauses ... 12

Table 3.1 Total of Adjective Clauses Found in the Novel ... 47

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ABSTRACT

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ABSTRAK

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Language is the most important thing in making interactions with other people in all parts of the world. People can communicate with others either spoken or written language by making statements, explaining report, and expressing ideas. Without language, people will have never been able to have a relation with others.

Winston and Rinehart (1993:21)say that language is the same no matter what system of writing may be used to record it, just as a person is the same no matter how you take his picture; the most of the languages that are spoken today has been applied either in relatively recent times or not to all.

Yet another definition sees language as a system of communication that enables humans to exchange verbal or symbolic utterances. This definition stresses the social functions of language and the fact that humans use it to express themselves and to manipulate objects in their environment understand the grammatical structures of language to be the result of an adaptive process by which grammar was "tailored" to serve the communicative needs of its users.

A clause is included in English grammar. Generally, a clause is a group of words containing a subject and a verb. It may be either a sentence, an independent clause or a sentence-like construction within another sentence, a dependent clause. If a clause can stand alone as a sentence it is an independent

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clause. Some clauses, however, cannot stand alone as sentences: in this case, they are dependent clauses or subordinate clauses.

Clauses can take the place of different parts of speech. Similarly, an adjective clause can take the place of an adjective. Adjective clauses have a subject and a verb (or predicate). They will start with a relative pronoun, like: that, who, whom, whose, or which, or a relative adverb, like why, where, or when. Adjective clauses function as an adjective and modify nouns and pronouns. They are also called relative clauses.

Just as the other dependent clauses, the a complete thought. It does not need commas separating it from the rest of the sentence if it has essential information in it; that is if you need the information it provides. If it gives additional information, then you use commas. A good way to test for this is to leave out the clause, read the sentence, and see if the meaning of the two sentences is different.

Many people are fairly comfortable with the idea of adjectives, but they might not feel so confident when it comes to the idea of an adjective clause. Adjective clauses come in a variety of forms; therefore, breaking down the study into its basic components is essential to the proper learning of the form. Using adjective clauses in everyday speech is a fairly common practice, as adjective clauses add often crucial information to sentences. However, learning to differentiate between the various types can be difficult. If a person is in a positionwhere he or she has to decide which form the adjective clause is taking, the person should consider the options carefully, and consult a grammar guide.

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The writer chooses the novel named Another Piece of My Heart because it contains a lot of adjective clauses. The writer wants to know what the dominant of adjective clause found in the novel is.

1.2 Problem of the Study

The problem of this study can be defined as below: 1) How many adjective clauses found in the novel?

2) What is the dominant adjective clause found in the novel? 1.3 Scope of the Study

In English, there are many kinds of clauses, such as noun clause, adverbial clause and adjective clause. In this study, the writer limits the analysis on adjective clauses.

1.4 Purpose of the Study

The purpose of the study can be defined as below: 1. To find out the adjective clauses in the novel.

2. To find out the number of the dominant adjective clauses in the novel.

1.5 Method of the Study

The writer uses library research in writing this paper. Library research is the technique of data collection by research to gather as much information relevant to the topic. Source can be gotten from literature: scientific books, journals, and other sources of suitable like internet.

The writer will collect all the required data from Jane Green’s novel entitled Another Piece of My Heart. The data is sentences that contain adjective

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clauses. There are about 413 adjective clauses found in the novel as the data source.

The writer uses analysis method in analyzing the data. Analysis method of research is where the person doing the research presents it in an analysis manner. The analysis research designs enable researchers to analyze or present the picture of a phenomenon or phenomena under investigation.

The steps or procedures in analyzing the data : 1. Reading Another Piece of My Heart novel.

2. Identifying the sentences contain adjective clause. 3. Classifying the adjective clauses.

4. Analyzing the data by counting the number of adjective clauses and the dominant adjective clause into percentages of their usage in the novel.

To get the percentage of adjective clauses used in the novel, the writer uses the Nawawi’s formula (1991:150) as the following:

X = Number of adjective clauses Y = Total number of all data

N = Percentage of the adjective clauses

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2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Veit (1986:6) states that grammar is a person’s subconscious language knowledge. The structure of expressions consists of the structure of words, phrases, clauses and sentences. Clause comes from the combination of words. Words are divided into different kinds or classes, called parts of speech, according to their use; that is, according to the work they do in a sentence. Wren and Martin (1986:4) states that the Parts of Speech are eight in number they are noun, adjective, pronoun, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction and interjection. Phrase is a group of words that functions in a sentence as a single part of speech. It does not have a subject or a verb. Rozakis (2003:102) says that phrase consists of prepositional phrase, adjective phrase, adverbial phrase, appositive phrase, verbal phrase, participle phrase, gerund phrase, and infinitive phrase.

The combination of clause forms sentences. This means everyone needs to understand clause first so that they can write sentences well. Based on that reason, this paper attempts to discuss about clauses and more specifically the adjective clause.

2.1 Definition of Clause

Azar (1985:220) says that a clause is a structure that has a subject and a verb. There are two kinds of clauses: independent clause and dependent clause. An independent clause is a complete sentence. It contains the main subject and verb of a sentence. It can stand alone as a sentence. It is also called a main clause. A dependent clause is not a complete sentence. It must be connected to an independent clause. A dependent clause cannot stand alone as a sentence.

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McClelland and Marcotte (2003:232) state that a clause is a group of words that has both a subject and a verb. There are two kinds of clauses in English: independent clauses and dependent clauses. An independent clause is a complete thought. The meaning is clear. There are no questions in your mind. An independent clause is a sentence (S - V - C). For example:

1) Financial aid is sometimes available. (the meaning is clear) 2) Most students want to stay in school (the meaning is clear) 3) Students often look for jobs on campus (the meaning is clear)

A dependent clause is not a complete idea. A dependent clause often has a S – V – C, but it is not a sentence because the meaning is not clear. There is a question in your mind. You need more information. For example:

1) When students miss too many classes what happens? 2) If parents can’t find dependable child care what happens? 3) If a student has serious financial problems what happens?

Frank (1972) says that there are three types of dependent clauses: noun clause, adverbial clause and adjective clause. They will be discussed one by one.

2.2 Kinds of Clauses

2.2.1 Noun Clause

Frank (1972:62) says that noun clause consists of a subject and predicate that functions as a noun. One of its most common functions is as the object of a verb, especially of a verb of asserting or mental activity. If such a verb is in the past tense, the verb in the noun clause object takes past form also. A noun clause

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may be classified according to the kinds of sentences from which they are derived; statements, questions, requests, exclamations.

Table 2.1 Types and Functions of Noun Clause

Types 1) Statement 2) Question 3) Request 4) Exclamation Introductory Conjunction That Whether If Who What Which When

Where, Why, How That

What How

Function Subject

Subject after it

Subjective complement Object of verb

Appositive Subject

Subjective complement Object of verb

Object of preposition Subject

Subjective complement Object of verb Object of preposition Object of verb Object of verb

Object of preposition

Examples: Statement

1) That coffee grows in Brazil is well known to all. (subject) 2) It is well known that coffee grows in Brazil. (subject after it)

3) My understanding is that coffee grows in Brazil. (subjective complement)

4) I know that coffee grows in Brazil. (Objectof verb)

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Question

1) Whether he gets the money doesn’t concern me. (Subject)

2) The question is whether he will get the money. (Subjective complement)

3) Do you know if he will get the money? (Object of verb)

4) We were concerned about whether he would get the money. (Object of preposition)

5) How he gets themoneyis his own affair. (Subject)

6)The question is how he will get the money.(Subjective complement)

7)I don’t know how he will get the money. (Object of verb)

8)We were concerned about how he would get the money.(Object of preposition)

Request

1) He suggested that I write the letter soon.(Object of verb)

Exclamation

1) I hadn’t realized what a pretty girl she was. (Object of verb) 2)We talked aboutwhat a pretty girl she was. (Object of preposition)

2.2.2 Adverbial Clause

Frank (1972:23) says that an adverbial clause consists of a subject and predicate introduced by a subordinate conjunction like when, although, because and if.Most types of adverbial clauses function as modifying the verb of the main

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clause. An adverbial clause may be used in initial position, final position, and occasionally in mid-position with the main verb of the sentence. A comma usually appears after an introductory clause, but is much less common before a clause in final position. A clause in mid-position must be set off with commas.

Examples:

1) When he comes, you may call me out. (Initial)

2) He invited me, although I refused, to attend his wedding ceremony. (Middle) 3) Shut all the windows before you go out. (Final)

Table 2.2 Types of Adverbial Clauses 1) Adverbial Clause of Time

2) Adverbial Clause of Place 3) Adverbial Clause of Concession 4) Adverbial Clause of Result 5) Adverbial Clause of Purpose 6) Adverbial Clause of Condition

7) Adverbial Clause of Reason 8) Adverbial Clause of Manner 9) Adverbial Clause of Comparison

When, while, as, before, after, until, since.

Where, wherever.

Although, though, even though. So, that, so that, such a…that.

In order that, so that, that, in the hope that.

If, unless, if only, on condition that, in case, as long as, so long as, provided that, in the event that.

Because, since, as, in as much as. As

As…as, so…as, more…than, less…than.

Examples:

1) The new machine works just as efficiently as the old one did.

2) The gown we saw yesterday is less expensive than this one.

3) You may do it as you like.

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5) So long as someone is willing to treat her, she would go to the movies.

6) He sat in the front row, so that he heard every word of the lecture.

7) We will be glad to go with you to the theatre tonight provided that we can get a baby-sitter.

2.2.3 Adjective Clause

Wren and Martin (1986:23) stated that adjective is a word used with a noun to describe, or point out, the person, animal, place or thing which the noun names, or to tell the number or quantity. Azar (1992) says that adjectives describe nouns. In grammar, we say that adjectives modify nouns. The word modify means “change a little”. Adjectives give a little different meaning to a noun: intelligent student, lazy student, good student. An adjective is neither singular nor plural. A final –s is never added to an adjective.Jones and Mann (2001:36) say that adjectives can also describe qualities like feelings and emotions or abstract concepts, for example, sharp pain; fierce anger; genuine integrity

Adjectives are also used in adjective clauses. Wren and Martin (1986:264) stated that an adjective clause is a group of words which contains a subject and a predicate of its own, and does the work of an adjective. Azar (1992:238) says that an adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It describes, identifies, or gives further information about a noun. As we have known, an adjective clause in a complex sentence is a subordinate clause which does the work of an adjective, and so qualifies some noun or pronoun in the main clause. An adjective clause is introduced by a relative pronoun such as who,

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whom, whose, that, which or by a relative adverb such as when, where, and why. An adjective clause is also called relative clause.

Thomson and Martinet (1984:43) say that there are three kinds of relative clauses, they are defining relative clauses, non-defining relative clauses and connective relative clauses. The relative pronouns used in the adjective clauses can refer to persons, things, places, times and reason. Those relative pronouns can take different functions in an adjective clause, they are relative pronoun as subject, relative pronoun as object of verb, relative pronoun as object of preposition and relative pronoun as possessive.

Table 2.3 Types of Adjective Clauses

No. Noun Meaning Relative Pronoun

1) A person

Who Whom Whose That

2) A thing

Which That

3) A time When

4) A place Where

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Examples:

1) I met a man who is kind to everybody.

2) The river which flows through town is polluted.

3) Grandpa remembers the old days when there was no television. 4) Bandar Lampung is a city where I was born.

5) Making noise when he eats is the main reason why Sue does not like to eat with her brother.

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3. ANALYSIS

3.1 Total of Adjective Clauses Found in Jane Green’s Novel Another Piece of

My Heart

To get the total of adjective clauses found in Jane Green’s novel Another Piece of My Heart, the writer divided the adjective clauses based on its kinds. The finding and total of adjective clauses found in Jane Green’s novel Another Piece of My Heart can be seen as below. The writer finds out there are five kinds of adjective clauses (a person, a thing, a time, a place and a reason).

3.1.1 Adjective clauses refer to a person (who, whom, whose, that)

1) She started offering her services as a “home-stager”—someone who would come in and beautify the interiors, for minimum cost, in order to sell. (Page 6)

2) He’d started mowing lawns himself, paying a cheap hourly rate to Carlos and Jorge, who had recently made the arduous trek from Mexico. (Page 7).

3) Gorgeous girls, dark-haired, dark-eyed, who clearly adored their

father.(Page 8)

4) She needs the security of a loving family, of brothers and sisters, of a stepmother who will love her. (Page 9)

5) Several months later, Andi, who hated going to the doctor unless she thought she was truly dying, went to the doctor. (Page 12)

6) Andi had said, but that was largely due to a stepdaughter who hated her most of the time, who had started coming back drunk at fifteen (although

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she didn’t actually tell the doctor that part), and to a husband who refused to do anything other than tell his daughter he understood her pain. (Page 13) 7) “Fuck you!” she shouted, throwing the car keys at her father, who ducked, so

they hit the door frame, leaving a small chip and a grey mark. (Page 14) 8) This is not okay, and she cannot withhold it from him, not least because she is

worried for Emily, terrified that her life is spinning out of control, and the only person who may be able to stop it is her father. (Page 17)

9) She wasn’t a kid who did such things. (page 18)

10) The only kids Andi knew in high school who were potheads dropped out, then went on to … nothing. (Page 18)

11) She is the sort of girl whom everyone thought would always be at the head of the class. (Page 18).

12) She is the one who should be looking after the children. (page 23)

13) Emily is there, in their room, glaring daggers at Andi, who feels nothing other than exhaustion. (Page 24)

14) Andi laments later to Ethan, who is tentatively sinking down on their bed. (Page 25)

15) Isabel is a childhood friend who landed in San Francisco a year or so before Andi. (Page 28)

16) When Andi first moved into Ethan’s house, next door there was a crotchety old couple who wasn’t the slightest bit interested in being friends with Andi or Ethan and seemed to hate all children, particularly ones whose screaming could be heard across the neighborhood. (Page 29)

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17) Everyone who came in was horrified. (Page 29)

18) She married because she found a man she loves, a man who makes her happy. (Page 35)

19) Andi may not have children of her own, but she is a child, a beloved only child of parents who doted on her but still had rules, and who were strict. (Page 36)

20) He isn’t, she realizes, but there is something about him that is mesmerizing. (Page 39)

21) Andi, who ranges anywhere from a ten, nods. (Page 40)

22) She has heard herself saying to friends who have confessed to feelings they shouldn’t be feeling for men who are not their husbands. (Page 41)

23) Technically, Andi still calls herself a home-stager although most of the clients who go on to sell their homes thanks to Andi’s staging then ask her to help them decorate their new houses. (Page 44)

24) “Isabel says there’s an artist who leases the barn, and this is his work.”(Page 50)

25) “Boundaries.” That loaded word is bandied about by people who think they know everything about parenting. (Page 57)

26) She was the only child of older parents who had given up on the desire to have children. (Page 57)

27) Her gaze ending on Greg, who is already wiping a tear from his eye. (Page 64)

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28) They stand together, holding hands as Drew, who qualified as a minister in order to marry them. (Page 64)

29) This is an Emily she hasn’t seen before, an Emily who is fully cognizant of her sexuality, who knows exactly how to use it. (Page 66)

30) “She’s drunk,” Andi mouthed to Ethan, who gave her a look of disdain. (Page 69)

31) Sophia counts off the hours until snack time, whereupon her teacher will dispense crackers for the kids who forgot the snack. (Page 71)

32) Children who are so neglected when they are at their mother’s, if they’re lucky, manage to get enough money to go down to the deli and get their own dinner. (Page 72)

33) She has heard the entire story from Ethan, and lately, from Sophia, who would never directly criticize her mother. (Page 72)

34) Sophia, who had been about to turn eleven, had wandered into the kitchen just in time to hear Ethan ask one of their friends what they would like to drink. (Page 72)

35) She came across Ethan, talking to a woman whose face was hidden by a mop of thick, curly blond hair. (Page 74)

36) Now, though, Sophia is finding she is more frequently in the line of fire, for no other reason than she is the one who is there. (Page 78)

37) When younger, Emily had always expressed an interest in writing, and Ethan, scrabbling wildly to try and find something that would engage his daughter,

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has set up an interview with a small publisher who is looking for an intern. (Page 81)

38) Ethan looks at Andi, who shrugs. (Page 86)

39) And I bet she doesn’t have an evil older sister who tries to make her life a misery. (Page 87)

40) And the woman who did surround her, in a bid to help her, play into that. (Page 88)

41) The friends who have provided a constant light in the tempest that comes in the form of Emily. (Page 89)

42) They don’t have a sitter for their two children, Griffin and Sydney, who is one of Sophia’s best friends, but they have a cook and a cleaner who come every day. (Page 89)

43) Deanna is a yoga teacher and, of late, Andi’s closest friend, the one to whom she turns if ever she needs to talk. (Page 90)

44) Deanna became a Buddhist, and has always been the calm one of the group, the girl who listens instead of shouting everyone else down in their exuberance and excitement, the one who thoughtfully and calmly imparts words of wisdom. (Page 90)

45) She has one child, Francesca, whom Sophia was superfriendly with in fourth grade. (Page 90)

46) Deanna was the one who gently suggested Andi would benefit from yoga. (Page 91)

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47) She caught the eye of a wiry blond woman who flashed a huge smile at her and beckoned her over. (Page 91)

48) These women, together with Ethan, were the ones who surrounded her and eased her pain when her mother died. (Page 92)

49) He is Grandpa O now, to everyone who knows him. (Page 92)

50) The stern but loving father of her youth has been replaced with a little old man who is soft and smiley, whose eyes crinkle when he catches sight of the girls. (Page 92)

51) To Andi’s amazement, they had morphed from the formal, reserved, rather awkward parents of her own childhood, to wonderful, warm, natural grandparents who showered the girls with love. (Page 93)

52) Andi turned to thank Ethan, who hadn’t stopped stroking her back the entire time. (Page 93)

53) Deanna, who ate no sugar, refined flour, or meat, wordlessly stood up from her position on the kitchen stool. (Page 94)

54) The men weren’t eyeing the woman seductively, but rather to see who was a good dancer, whom they would choose next. (Page 98)

55) She was only ever asked to dance by men who had just entered the club, who hadn’t a chance to watch her on the floor, and, of course, by Drew, who was brought into the salsa club for precisely that reason. (Page 99) 56) She has been dancing with a tall man who does not speak English. (Page 99) 57) But Pete quickly chooses someone else with whom to dance. (Page 100)

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58) You’re a middle-aged married woman who’s completely discombobulated. (Page 103)

59) There are those who say that in order for someone to stray. (Page 105)

60) I am not the sort of person who would have an affair,Andi tells herself, sipping from an ice-cold margarita and trying to focus her attention on Dianna, who is telling them a story. (Page 105)

61) Is anyone the sort of person who would have an affair? Who likes to think of themselves as the sort of person who would commit adultery? (Page 105) 62) She thinks of today’s young stars, the celebrities who surround themselves

with lawyers able to reduce the severity of any consequences. (Page 108) 63) He is staying with your younger sister, who doesn’t deserve the shit you put

her through. (Page 112)

64) What choice does she have, a seventeen-year-old who has been drinking and doing God knows what drugs during a pregnancy. (Page 114)

65) Ethan, so accustomed to Emily’s tantrums, cannot understand how they undo Andi, who cannot do this for very much longer. (Page 118)

66) You are the only one who can give her the power to destroy you. (Page 121)

67) I need to be with someone who doesn’t have kids. (Page 122)

68) No husband who has to leave in the middle of the night to collect the kids. (Page 122)

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70) “I once knew someone,” Deanna says quietly, “who had a wonderful husband, and a small baby.” (Page 123)

71) Eventually, she found a student who would come in every day. (Page 124) 72) She felt like a harassed mother who had lost all sense of self. (Page 124) 73) She’d be making dinner for her husband, who would always get home later

than planned. (Page 125)

74) It just felt so good to have someone who could see into her soul. (Page 125) 75) She became the woman who climbed out of her lover’s bed and into her

husband’s. (Page 125)

76) She wanted her husband, who was also” – Deanna gives Andi a pointed look – “the best man in the world.” (Page 127)

77) “You can go in in a minute,” she tells Ethan and Andi, who sit outside. (Page 131)

78) There are so many families who are unable to have children, who would give this child a loving and wonderful home. (Page 132)

79) The doctor lays a hand on Ethan’s, who is now as white as a sheet. (Page 132)

80) There are women out there who are longing to be mothers, who would give anything to be in the position Emily is in right now. (Page 132)

81) It is mostly alcoholics who have babies with FAS. (Page 133)

82) I have to begin meeting prospective couples who will adopt this baby. (Page 139)

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83) This baby, who is Ethan’s grandchild, is going to be given away to a couple who are desperate for a baby but who can’t have one. (Page 139)

84) “So what else is new?” Drew says, and Andi, who would normally smile, shrugs. (Page 139)

85) He was the one who totally got me through. (Page 146)

86) You’re the one who became this big freaky popular jock. (Page 148)

87) There was nobody in the world who knew me anymore, and nobody in the world who loved me. (Page 149)

88) She’s the one who usually warns me about Mom (page 149)

89) I’m the only one who refuses, who sees what’s really going on. (Page 151) 90) There are a couple of guys who are older who hang out with us. (page 153) 91) We’re going to find some nice couple who will take this baby and raise it

and give it a life filled with love. (Page 153)

92) She got a sponsor- a woman named Maureen who had fifteen years of sobriety. (Page 155)

93) She looked around the meetings at all the people who were sober, envied them their lives. (Page 156)

94) She was barely in her twenties at the time, so much younger than the other mothers, all of who seemed to be in their thirties. (page 157)

95) She remembers hearing about a playgroup that had started with a selection of other mothers. (Page 157)

96) Brooke’s being a single mother who is struggling to get by, despite the generous alimony. (Page 159)

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97) Everyone who came over commented on them. (Page 168)

98) There’s this photographer, Nan Goldin, who took this amazing photographs of her friends in, I think, the seventies or eighties, in New York. (Page 168) 99) I’m not one of those martyrs who plans on natural childbirth and

breathing. (Page 169)

100) She’s all mine, the one person in the world who’s going to love me unconditionally. (Page 169)

101) She’s not going to be one of these kids that stop my life. (Page 171) 102) I need someone who understands, and Andi’s the closest thing I’ve got.

(Page 172)

103) Ethan was the one who stepped in to mediate and sort it out. (Page 180) 104) Particularly Topher, to whom he has turned on numerous occasions

when he has been pushed to the edge of sanity by Brooke. (Page 186) 105) She’s probably going to give me that disdainful, dismissive look they give

all the girls who pass them in the cafeteria. (Page 188)

106) Somewhere far away from the bitchy girls at school, from the people who instinctively knew what I thought was my secret. (Page 188)

107) She had picked out online, a couple who lives six hours away, who have flown in to try to persuade Emily. (Page 200)

108) We are the people who raise the babies that no one wants. (Page 201) 109) A seventeen-year-old daughter who becomes pregnant, step in as the

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110) The reason she has found herself struggling even to look at the man who was once the center of her world. (Page 202)

111) She’ll be the kind of mom who encourages her daughter with

everything. (Page 206)

112) “You don’t look like the sort of person who would sleep on the park bench.” (Page 206)

113) She looks from Andi to my dad, then to the adoption counselor, who looks down at her papers. (Page 207)

114) So my mom’s an alcoholic who doesn’t want anything to do with me. (Page 208)

115) You seem like really nice people, but this is a kid who is going to come with a whole lot of problems. (Page 208)

116) I look at my dad, who looks as if he’s shell-shocked. (Page 208)

117) Since we met the couple who wanted to adopt the Bean, after meeting me they no longer wanted to adopt the Bean. (Page 214)

118) Since the pregnancy, she’s been the only one who’s okay with it. (Page 219)

119) Turning her head, she blinks, gazing at Andi, who looks over and smiles, reaching out and squeezing her hand reassuringly. (Page 227)

120) Both of them unable to tear their eyes away from the perfect baby boy who is inside the room. (Page 233)

121) Because she’s the one who seems completely entranced by my baby. (Page 240)

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122) She had no idea what it feels like to have your life taken away so abruptly, and by a baby who never stops screaming. (Page 244)

123) And River, who looked like the hippie’s granddaughter, beamed a

beatific smile right back at her. (Page 245)

124) River was the only one who seemed to love every second. (Page 245)

125) Except Brooke was the one who had given Emily enough money to

enable her to leave. (Page 257)

126) Brooke had put Emily in touch with a friend in Seattle, who gave Emily a room in her house. (Page 257)

127) I am the one who has raised him, who gives him a bath, who cradles him on my lap as we rock together, who tucks him in and kisses him good night, who goes in five minutes later because I cannot bear to be away from him and who pulls a chair up to the side of his “big boy bed”. (Page 258)

128) Here was a wonderful man who loved her, who was good to her, and who she increasingly realized, she loved in return. (Page 263)

129) When she was so unhappy, to let herself be pulled into an affair, if not with Pete, then with someone else, someone who offered her a glimpse of the greener grass elsewhere. (Page 264)

130) I want to go back and tell her, the overweight girl who never felt good enough, the child who was always screamed at by her mother, that it’s all going to be okay. (Page 267)

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131) Michael was the one who spotted me first, and I can’t have changed that much. (Page 271)

132) Deanna, who teaches the client yoga, suggested she might want to meet Andi to fully take advantage of the newly renovated room. (Page 288) 133) All against the advice of her sponsor, who advised her to wait for a year

before embarking on any romantic relationships, particularly those with people who were managing their own sobriety. (Page 293)

134) She was careful to keep it light, not to give Emily a guilt trip, for it was, after all, Brooke who had given Emily the money to go away. (Page 293)

135) Emily, who has never discussed this with her mother, knew she had her mother back. (Page 295)

136) And with her, holding her hand, is a very little person who looks a bit like me. (Page 299)

137) She now has a stepdaughter who doesn’t seem to burn up with hatred and resentmentevery time she looks at her stepmother. (Page 304) 138) Ultimately it is Sophia who speaks. (Page 306)

139) The only one who can calm him down is Andi. (Page 307)

140) “On my way,” says Andi, who has already grabbed her coat and is

running out the door. (Page 309)

141) She phoned her mother, who could not leave work, then phoned her father, whose cell phone had no service. (Page 309)

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142) Well if you’re dating that freak, Emily, who’s the hot chick you’re with now, and then I said hi. (Page 316)

143) So I’m just flicking the pages and feeling like … a woman who is loved. (Page 320)

144) “Oh, gosh. I’m so sorry,” she says to Diana, one of her clients, whose house goes on the market next month. (Page 332)

145) You let Mom’s flower guy who barely speak English, and who she

barely knows. (Page 339)

146) I’m still” – he shakes his head-“appalled that she allowed someone who is practically a stranger to pick Cal up. (Page 347)

147) She knows how hard it is for him, can see the pain etched on his face, is filled with a wave of all-consuming love for this man who-right now she cannot believe this was ever the case. (Page 348)

148) I’m trying to be the kind of woman who strides confidently down a street, secure in her skin. (Page 349)

149) And Michael might be the only person who truly knows how to handle me. (page 349)

150) I am so not the kind of girlwho has spent her life dreaming of, and planning, her wedding. (Page 350)

151) Andi and Ethan sit stiffly at the kitchen table, watching Emily, who looks equally uncomfortable. (Page 353)

152) Our lawyer has already stated that here isn’t a judge in the country who would choose you over us. (Page 364)

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153) Not that there’s anything wrong with Manuel, who has a family of his own and seems sweet enough, but Emily allowed someone to pick up Cal whom Cal didn’t even know, whom any of them barely know, fills Brooke with horror. (Page 371)

154) Unlike Emily, who is as mercurial today as the day she was born. (Page 371)

155) A child who has neither the patience, commitment, nor stability to raise Cal. (Page 372)

156) I see you as this talented, bright, beautiful girl who is itching to spread her wings. (Page 377)

157) He’s the one who wants me. (Page 377)

158) I know on the surface he was the one who wanted this so much, and he was the one said I couldn’t abandon Cal, but I’m not. (Page 381)

159) He was the one who wanted us to be a ready-made family, who said I couldn’t walk away from Cal. (Page 382)

160) And it’s always you who brings it up. (page 384)

161) They’re the ones who will look up and say sorry. (Page 393)

162) And here I am, with a boyfriend who’s not only clever and handsome and cute and brilliant and funny, he’s also been my best friend for more than ten years. (Page 395)

163) I have a family that I love. (Page 398)

164) And coats are handed to Michael, who throws them on the bed in the spare room. (Page 399)

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3.1.2 Adjective clauses refer to a thing (that, which)

1) The bald teddy bear that she cannot sleep without, now lying on its side. (Page 4)

2) Soon she had a warehouse filled with furniture she would rent out to her clients, and reams of fabrics from which she could have curtains, or pillows, or bedspreads quickly made. (Page 6)

3) They had met for drinks, which had become dinner. (Page 7)

4) A business that became so successful, so quickly, he had decided to devote himself to growing it once he had left school. (Page 7)

5) Emily would explode in anger, with a rage that left Andi shaking in fear and bewilderment. (Page 10)

6) It was the fear that always hung over Andi. (Page 12)

7) She is ready to take on the tantrum that will undoubtedly ensue. (page 17) 8) She hadn’t seen Beth in at least a year, not since she had run into her at a

Bikram Yoga workshop (which Andi hadn’t been able to complete). (Page 19)

9) George grunted something that sounded like a yes. (page 19)

10) “Well, tell her I said hi,” Andi said, peering at the black bone hoops in his ears, which had stretched the original piercing hole to half an inch, half an inch through which Andi could clearly see the French doors at the other end of the room. (Page 20)

11) She now bursts into hysterical tears, which is usually enough to get her way. (Page 24)

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12) No one wanted the 1930s cottage, which was unsurprising given that it was like a miniversion of grey Gardens, but without the cats. (Page 29)

13) “It’s almost like a veil that comes down over her face,” Topher once said. (Page 31)

14) If he misses a meeting, which he tries not to do, he will go to one the next day. (Page 32)

15) She is shocked at the warmth of his smile, a warmth that travels up her arm, along with a slight warning bell that makes her shake her head ever so slightly. (Page 39)

16) With great and grave effort, she manages to push Pete out of her head, but it is only when she gets home and finds Ethan clearing out the garage that Pete leaves her head completely. (Page 42)

17) When Andi goes over to the marble counter on which stands a kettle and a glass apothecary jar filled with tea bags, to make some tea, Sophia comes to stand next to her, wrapping an arm around Andi’s waist. (Page 45)

18) Remove the eyeliner that has smudged into deep dark shadows

underneath your eyes. (Page 46)

19) It’s still Sonoma County, which is pure wine country. (Page 49)

20) A split-rail fence appears, marking a driveway, at the end of which are several people milling about. (Page 49)

21) In the field adjacent to the parking area are huge metal sculptures that spin lazily in the sun, changing as the light hits different parts. (Page 50)

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22) They find Isabel helping to string lanterns from the branches of a huge old apple tree, under the leaves of which she and Greg will be getting married. (Page 51)

23) There are a series of buildings, barns, outbuildings, one of which contains a basic kitchen. (Page 51)

24) An old commercial stove, and a barbecue made from oil drums cut in half, on which marinaded chicken drumsticks are spitting. (Page 51)

25) Another is pounding mint with a pestle in a large mortar, adding sugar for the mojitos that will be poured into jelly jars and handed around to the guests. (Page 52)

26) I know he thinks I’m wearing some hippie dress, which I was planning to, of course. (Page 52)

27) It is the word that Andi uses more than any other when she and Ethan are talking. (Page 57)

28) She wanted her parents to be invited to the neighborhood barbecues that seemed to be a constant occurrence during the summer. (Page 58)

29) She wanted PB & J for dinner, and macaroni and cheese, and green bean casserole made with Campbell’s Mushroom soup, not the fresh grilled steaks and salad, the Soles Veroniques, the coq au vinsthat they sat down to on a regular basis. (Page 58)

30) She is going through perimenopause, which means her moods are horrific. (Page 60)

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32) Topher suddenly walks up, a cold beer in each hand, one of which he hands to Ethan. (Page 63)

33) Andi carefully picks her way around the objects that are scattered around the barn-found metal, oil drums, bicycles, old farm equipment-and stops at a crack in the shiplap sides, through which she sees the source of the laughter. (Page 65)

34) And scrape through she did, with SATs that were so bad, they have put off college for a year. (Page 79)

35) His voice has taken on a false cheerfulness that he so often adopts when talking to Emily. (Page 83)

36) She rarely wears makeup, lives in Patagonia and Reef flip-flops, and has a mouth that looks as if she is always on the verge of laughter. (Page 89) 37) She has curly blond hair that is always haphazardly shoved up on the top

of her head with a large spider clip. (page 90)

38) Nothing prepared her for the grief that took hold, the tears that came so unexpectedly when she was caught up in the mundanities of life, the sobs that wracked her body while she stood in the checkout line at Safeway. (Page 94)

39) Even Emily gave her a reprieve, after an outburst in which she accused Andi of not being the only one to suffer. (Page 94)

40) The music became a sensual throb that moved through her body and transported her to another place. (Page 97)

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41) Deanna had a natural rhythm, and a flexibility that allowed these men to fling her around. (Page 98)

42) “Come see me.” And brushing his lips against her ear, causing a shiver that reaches down to her toes. (Page 102)

43) So why, so suddenly, when she is so happy, is she beset by this craving for excitement thathad appeared in the form of a young, flirtatious trainer? (Page 105)

44) They may be happy, in love, settled, but isn’t there always the slightest of fissures through which a view of the road not taken can be glimpsed? (page 105)

45) I love him, she thinks, picturing his sweet smile, his strong, capable hands that can fix anything in the house, that have redesigned the garden, that have brought her hours and hours of pleasure. (Page 106)

46) She is offering because the histrionics that will ensue when Ethan walks into the police station do not bear thinking about. (Page 108)

47) Ethan’s body heaves, the only sound being occasional gasps of air as Andi sits wearily beside him, laying a hand on his back, rubbing in small, gentle circles, finding her own eyes filling with tears that spill down her cheeks. (Page 117)

48) This is too much for her: the hatred and rage that fly around this house, that fill her with dread each time she comes home. (Page 117)

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50) There were such high expectations with Ethan, expectations that haven’t been fulfilled; some of that is okay. (Page 118)

51) She cannot deal with the fear that descends upon her every time she pulls into her own driveway. (Page 118)

52) That is the only thing of which she is certain, the thing that is now weighing her down on the bed, forcing her eyes closed with sadness and grief. (Page 118)

53) She heads out to her studio, making calls in the car, shouting into the Bluetooth speakerphone that muffles everyone and has never worked properly. (Page 120)

54) Deanna glides in, swathed in layers of jersey, two cups of something hot in her hand, one of which she places on the table in front of Andi, leaning down to kiss her cheek. (Page 120)

55) Having Emily is like this poison that seeps into everything. (Page 121) 56) She felt a wave of disappointment, which she tried to bury in the pages of

the book, but it was hard. (Page 125)

57) The privacy of the computer screen creating a sense of intimacy that she had never found anywhere else. (Page 125)

58) It is the unspoken cloud that is hovering above all their heads. (Page 129) 59) When she brought up adoption, which she did regularly in those early days,

he changed the subject. (Page 130)

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61) She pauses, aware of her heart pounding, hoping she is saying the right thing, the words that will make Ethan say yes. (Page 134)

62) It is the landscape that lifts Andi’s spirits. (Page 138)

63) “Emily’s pregnant,” Andi says after a very long silence, which is entirely comfortable. (Page 139)

64) I know this is the worst thing that’s ever happened to you. (Page 140)

65) And I like my teeth, although I hated wearing the braces that led to them looking like this. (Page 144)

66) I have a picture I found of an old singer called Siouxsie Sioux that I keep in my drawer. (Page 144)

67) He had this tree house that his dad had made when he was small. (Page 146)

68) If I wasn’t at his house, which I was almost all the time, we’d sit on the phone. (Page 146)

69) How do you go from one day being virtually inseparable and telling each other everything, even those embarrassing awful stories that you would never tell anyone else, to being virtual strangers? (Page 147)

70) I squeezed my eyes shut in that doctor’s office and didn’t move, not even to wipe away the tears that were streaming down my cheeks. (Page 150) 71) Even the divorce, which was awful, ended up being okay. (Page 150)

72) She would have reached for the vodka, drunk herself into oblivion, fed up with the constant crises and dramas that her daughter brings. (Page 154)

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73) She was coming back from a fiftieth birthday party that had gone on far later than anyone had planned. (Page 155)

74) She had reached behind the heavy iron pot on the doorstep, pulled out the key that was hidden there, and let herself in. (Page 155)

75) He’d come home from work to greet the kids off the school bus, trying to contain his mounting sadness that Brooke was already well on her way to being incapacitated. (Page 158)

76) For years they have been filled with overgrowing weeds, which Ethan, on his rare visits, cannot resist plucking out, but now they are properly planted. (Page 159)

77) If she is wearing makeup, it is sloppy and wrong-a red lipstick that never seems to stay within the lines of her lips, clothes that neither flatter nor fit her. (Page 160)

78) Dust collects on the surfaces of tables covered with tiny china animals that Brooke cannot bear to throw away. (Page 161)

79) “We have started looking at adoption agencies, which seems to be the only course of action open to us, but…” He sighs deeply. (Page 164)

80) Today, my dad started talking about condoms in the car, which completely freaked me out. (Page 166)

81) And the only thing that ever gives me hope, that makes me feel life is going to get better, is the thought of having a baby. (Page 167)

82) Popping OxyContin and Vicodin, and their parents’ Ambien that they’ve stolen from the medicine cabinet, plus occasionally snorting the odd line of

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coke isn’t quite as dramatic as someone’s tying a tourniquet on their arm and shooting up some smack. (Page 168)

83) I even found a website that sells these baby shoes that look like biker boots. (Page 171)

84) Andi’s been making me these protein smoothies, and big salads, and all this food that’s supposed to be good for the baby’s brain, and it feels like I’m being looked after. (Page 172)

85) The pillows are still the same faded green and orange pillows that his mom gave us years ago. (Page 175)

86) It is the kind of day he used to love, the kind of day that makes him happy to be alive. (Page 177)

87) They shared an intimacy and a comfort that led to Ethan’s knowing, instinctively, this had been going on for a while; this was the reason for her needing space. (Page 179)

88) After the drinking and the drama that colored his first marriage to Brooke, Andi was his port in a storm. (Page 180)

89) The tensions at home have been overwhelming to the point where it is easier to be outside of the home, away from Emily and Andi and the discord that exists between them. (Page 182)

90) That his life, which has felt so settled for the past five years, now feels as if it is about to turn upside down. (Page 185)

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92) “Thumb swear?” which was this stupid thing we did as kids when we decided pinkie swears were just too girly. (Page 199)

93) We feed them organic gourmet baby food that we steam and puree

ourselves, scooping it into ice-cube trays for easy access later. (Page 201) 94) So Andi picked a diner on the outskirts of Oakland, which is pretty funny.

(Page 203)

95) I wanted to look in every stroller that passed me. (Page 204)

96) “It’s so nice to meet you,” Adeline reaches across the table, extending a hand, which I have no choice but to take. (Page 205)

97) “It’s not you,” he says sadly, swallowing the lump that has risen in his throat. (Page 212)

98) It’s like this white-hot rage that build inside of me. (page 216)

99) The screaming tantrums, which leave Andi discombobulated and terrified, interspersed with moments of loving calm. (Page 228)

100) The intimacy that has always characterized their relationship has flown out the window. (Page 230)

101) He pads down the corridor to the spare room, which is cold and

unwelcoming. (Page 230)

102) They sit at the dinner table, forcing small talk, with none of the easy conversation that has always flowed between them. (Page 231)

103) Should she share the news that is now weighing her down and bringing her to the brink of tears as she hears her husband’s voice? (Page 231)

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104) I want to feel the overwhelming love that I felt for the B…well, the baby girl I thought was inside my stomach. (Page 236)

105) In the beginning, you’re producing colostrums, which is filled with antibodies the baby needs, and it gets him off to the very best possible start. (Page 238)

106) And I lean down and give him my finger, which he squeezes tightly. (Page 241)

107) Sophia takes him for walks, which helps, although she says she’s nervous because he’s so small. (Page 241)

108) I get on the computer, which is about my only access to the outside world right now. (Page 242)

109) Meanwhile, he’s in onesiesfrom Carter’s, which Andi has bought. (Page 242)

110) Every day she brings back some other fantastic thing: toys that squeak and sing; chairs that bounce. (Page 243)

111) That was when I almost started giggling, which was totally embarrassing because I know it’s meant to be natural, except it isn’t. (Page 245)

112) She has gently suggested Emily remove the pacifier-the pacifier that helps him sleep is the same pacifier that falls out of his slack jaw. (Page 247) 113) The makeup that usually clutters the top of her desk is gone (Page 250) 114) The peace that exists in their household started almost as soon as Emily

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115) “I’m not Mommy,” she’d say, even though she was, and the fact that he was calling her Mommy filled her with a joy she hadn’t expected. (Page 257)

116) Andi was Mommy now, and that wasn’t something that could ever be taken away. (Page 258)

117) Andi had mistakenly thought there was all this chemistry between them, chemistry that was indicating she might have made a terrible mistake in marrying Ethan, but clearly it was all in her imagination. (Page 263)

118) Emily was the knife that had always threatened to splinter their relationship, to drive it apart. (Page 263)

119) Cal became the glue that bonded them together, a bond that was more secure than Andi would ever have thought possible. (Page 263)

120) She comes to stay quite a bit, and she brought Sophia last spring break, which was awesome. (Page 275)

121) And I smile into his eyes, hoping he isn’t noticing the hot blush that is staining my cheeks a bright, glaring red. (Page 275)

122) He raises an eyebrow, which is pretty impressive given that one eye is still closed. (Page 282)

123) Michael breaks off from kissing me, stroking my hair with a tenderness that makes me want to weep. (Page 283)

124) We find a small coffee shop that is filled with the warm smells of fresh-baked cupcakes and cookies. (Page 284)

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126) She had a child she didn’t want and wasn’t prepared to take care of, a stepmother she hated, a father she loved but resented, and a social life that was filled with budding alcoholics, drug addicts, and misfits. (Page 294) 127) She would be thrilled to see the transformation that has taken place in

Emily. (Page 304)

128) “Your first love!” sings Sophia as Emily blushes again, unable to hide the joy that lights up her face. (Page 308)

129) Please stop worrying about a future that may never happen. (Page 313) 130) Today it was Rice Krispies treats, which are his absolute favorites. (Page

325)

131) He extends a pot with a plastic flower, pressing a button on the base, which starts music playing, as the flower bobs and weaves. (Page 326)

132) There’s no response at the house, which is odd. (Page 332)

133) I tried to force myself to think of other things, even indulging in the wedding fantasy for a good fifteen minutes, which was much longer than the allotted time. (Page 352)

134) She is wearing what appears to be one of Brooke’s suits, which seems to belong to the early eighties. (Page 354)

135) I’ve never been to London, and I’ve always wanted to go, and Central Saint Martins is there, which is, like, the best art school in the world. (Page 355)

136) I want to bask in their love and acceptance, which feels entirely genuine. (Page 356)

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137) The very fact that you just said all a child needs is love is an indication of just how ill equipped you are to be a mother. (Page 360)

138) But then you started acting in ways that made me think you hadn’t changed that much, that it was all superficial. (Page 362)

139) She saw Emily say the words she had been dreading, the words that would destroy her life, and saw Ethan, finally, saying no. (Page 366)

140) She needs some help with the right words, the words that will enable Emily to hear. (Page 371)

141) He probably said some terrible things that he didn’t mean. (Page 373) 142) I push my arms into the sleeves of a well-worn robe that I have had since I

was about ten. (Page 382)

143) The relief that washes over me is indescribable. (Page 386)

144) It comes out as a high-pitched giggle, which doesn’t sound like me at all. (Page 387)

145) I never expected to feel so grown-up, but working for the past four years, saving money to put myself through school, going home every day to my boyfriend in a country that isn’t my own, has definitely made me mature way faster. (Page 394)

146) My childhood in Mill Valley, then life postdivorce with all the terrible teenage trauma that came with it-oh, my God! (Page 394)

147) Giving him up was a way to let go of the guilt that kept me away those three years with barely any contact. (Page 398)

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148) I unwrap the cheeses and put them on a platter with fresh organic grapes and the gluten-free crackers that Sophia likes. (Page 399)

3.1.3 Adjective clauses refer to a time (when)

1) It’s always four in the morning, these nights when she awakes, when she cannot get back to sleep. (Page 3)

2) She would wake up in the middle of the night, particularly those nights when she woke up cold and wet, feeling an empty hole in her heart. (Page 14) 3) Some of the time, when Andi wakes up drenched, she changes and goes

straight back to sleep. (Page 15)

4) He doesn’t commit to it quite as seriously as Topher does to AA, but certainly in the early days, when Topher was getting sober, Al-Anon was his support system. (Page 32)

5) Later, when they’ve finished lunch, and are basking in the warmth, lingering over herbal teas, Pete says to Andi, “You look like you’re in great shape,” clearly lying. (Page 40)

6) I already told you next summer, when you’re fourteen, you can work as my assistant. (Page 45)

7) Her parents were only in their forties when they had Andi. (Page 59)

8) A couple of years ago, when they were having friends for dinner, Sophia, who had been about to turn eleven, had wandered into the kitchen just in time to hear Ethan ask one of their friends what they would like to drink. (Page 72)

9) The nights when Emily throws tantrums, when Ethan spends hours

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10) I still cross my fingers every month, praying that this might be the month when a miracle occurs and I actually find myself pregnant. (Page 137)

11) I don’t have any idea these days when my next period is going to be coming. (Page 137)

12) I only know he pretended because there was this one day when he thought I hadn’t seen him. (Page 148)

13) There were times when life was so painful that I almost couldn’t get out of bed. (Page 149)

14) Except…except those times, like today, when she was caring, and it feel real, and genuine. (Page 152)

15) Those are the times when I think I could almost…almost love her. (Page 152)

16) Andi was fast asleep this morning when he left. (Page 177)

17) When they first met, when they became lovers, on weekends when they had no children to look after, he would go for a run. (Page 182)

18) Every evening, when he walks through the front door, Andi is in the kitchen making dinner. (Page 230)

19) Andi’s pretty good during the day when my dad’s at work. (Page 242) 20) She thinks back, sometimes, to when Emily was pregnant, to those times

when she was ready to leave. (Page 256)

21) At two and a half, when Cal was in preschool for three mornings a week, he started calling Andi “Mommy.” (Page 257)

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22) I just thought he was cute for about two seconds when I first met him. (Page 261)

23) Her experience of Brooke, at least in those early days when Brooke was drinking, was so unpleasant she still wants as little to do with her as possible. (Page 291)

24) It was always so hard to get anything done properly in the afternoons when Cal was in the office with her. (Page 309)

25) “We have to talk to her,” Andi says later that evening, when she and Ethan are clearing up after dinner. (Page 310)

26) I lie under the covers for about half an hour, going over the words again, reliving that exact moment when he told me he loves me. (Page 320)

27) “I just want to turn the clock back to six months ago, when everything in life was good.” (Page 387)

28) I felt it for years, but there were moments, so many moments, when I came so close to loving her, when I thought that perhaps we could find a way to be friends, find a way through. (Page 388)

29) So every day, when I’m getting the Tube home, I don’t care that I’m shoved into a corner. (Page 393)

3.1.4 Adjective clauses refer to a place (where)

1) Her twenties were spent working in interior design, for a small store in Fairfield, Connecticut, where she had grown up. (Page 5)

2) The kitchen wall would come down, opening up into one great big

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3) Two teenage girls on babysitting duty, trying to herd the kids down by the creek, where large flat stones let the water rest. (Page 51)

4) Andi gestures over to the far side of the field, where she can see Ethan talking to someone. (Page 61)

5) Andi heads over to the bar, where Tess is watching her with amusement. (Page 100)

6) Andi walks on eggshells in her own house, a house where chaos and drama reign. (Page 104)

7) Andi thinks, reminding herself she is in Mill Valley, where the greatest crimes tend to be, indeed, DUIs. (Page 110)

8) Her footsteps run back to the bedroom and into the bathroom, where she flings her arms around Andi. (Page 119)

9) She was left on her own with this screaming, colicky baby, in a new town where they’d recently moved for his work. (Page 123)

10) I’d move over to the wall in front where there are cracks between the planks. (Page 190)

11) She’d bring trays and trays out to the tree house, where even her rejects would be hungrily devoured. (Page 191)

12) Just a place where I was accepted for me. (Page 191)

13) Sometimes, if I’m at the doctor’s office, or in a place where there are a stack of magazines, I will pick up something like Cosmopolitan. (Page 193) 14) They are blessed to have a large house, with two acres, in a neighborhood

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15) I lean forward and sniff the wet sheets where I’ve peed. (Page 224)

16) She dragged me into the kitchen, where Cal was strapped into this vibrating bouncy chair. (Page 243)

17) He sat on the bed, next to where Andi was cradling Cal. (Page 249)

18) Andi grabs him by the hand and whisks him into bathroom, where she scrubs his hands. (Page 289)

19) Manuel drives very slowly and carefully back to the flower shop, where cal happily immerses himself in making sculptures out of florist’s foam. (Page 327)

20) So Michael’s been working on this big deal for his company, where they taking over a jewelry business in the UK. (Page 355)

3.1.5 Adjective clauses refer to areason (why)

1) Perhaps that is part of the reason why things are bad with Andi. (Page 182) 2) It’s one of the reasons why I prefer being at my dad’s, because my dad is

always calm. (Page 218)

3) That’s precisely the reason why I’ve stayed away for three years. (Page 285)

From the finding above it can be seen there are five kinds of adjective clauses found in the novel. To get the total of adjective clauses found in the novel the writer sums all adjective clauses found in the novel from each kind of adjective clauses found in the novel. For further information about kinds of adjective clauses found in the novel and the total of adjective clauses it can be seen in following table.

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Table 3.1 Total of Adjective Clauses Found in the Novel

No. Noun Meaning Relative Pronoun Total

1) A person

Who 180

Whom 8

Whose 5

That 4

2) A thing

Which 55

That 106

3) A time When 32

4) A place Where 20

5) A reason Why 3

Total 413

3.2 The Dominant Adjective Clause Found in Jane Green’s novel

Another Piece of My Heart

To get the percentage of adjective clauses used in the novel, the writer uses the Nawawi’s formula (1991:150) as the following:

X = Number of adjective clauses Y = Total number of all data

N = Percentage of the adjective clauses

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Table 3.2 Percentage of Adjective Clauses Found in the Novel

From the table above we can see that the adjective clause refers to a person by using relative pronoun ‘who’ is the most dominant used in the Jane Green’s novel Another Piece of My Heart with a percentage of 43,6%.

No. Noun Meaning

Relative Pronoun

Formula Percentage

1 A person

Who 180/413x100%= 43,6%

Whom 8/413x100%= 1,9%

Whose 5/413x100%= 1,2%

That 4/413x100%= 1,0%

2 A thing

Which 55/413x100%= 13,3%

That 106/413x100%= 25,7%

3 A time When 32/413x100%= 7,7%

4 A place Where 20/413x100%= 4,8%

5 A reason Why 3/413x100%= 0,8%

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4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

4.1 Conclusions

The writer found413 adjective clauses in the Jane Green’s novel Another Piece of My Heart. The 413 adjective clauses consist of 197 adjective clauses referring to a person with percentage 47.7%,161 adjective clauses referring to a thing with 39%, 32 adjective clauses referring to a timewith percentage 7.7%, 20 adjective clauses referring to a place with 4.8%and 3 adjective clauses referring to a reason with percentage 0.8%.

The adjective clauses referring to a person by using relative pronoun who is the most dominant used in the Jane Green’s novel Another Piece of My Heart with a percentage of 43.6%.

4.2 Suggestions

After completed this paper, the writer would like to present some suggestions such as:

1) For English students especially the beginners, it is important to understand adjective clauses in order to be able to make accepted sentences.

2) The writer hopes this paper can enrich knowledge about the usage and function of adjective clauses in English.

3) The writer also hopes the readers can get much information about adjective clauses from this paper.

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REFERENCES

Azar, Betty Schrampfer. 1985. Fundamentals of English Grammar. NewJersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Frank, Marcella. 1972. Modern English: Exercises for Non-Native Speakers Part II. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Green, Jane. 2012. Another Piece of My Heart. New York: St. Martin’s Paperbacks.

Heather, J. and Mann, R. 2001. Stepping Forward. Singapore: Pan Pacific Publications, PTE Ltd.

McClelland, L.D. and Marcotte, P.H. 2003. Writing Matters. New York: McGraw Hill Contemporary.

Nawawi, Hadari. 1991. MetodePenelitianBidangSosial. Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada. University Press.

Rozakis, Laurie. 2003. English Grammar for Utterly Confused. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.

Sembiring, Matius C.A. 2014. BukuPanduan Program D3 BahasaInggrisFakultasIlmuBudaya USU. Medan.

Sudaryanto. 1993. Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisis Bahasa. Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana University Press.

Surachmad, Winarno. 1982. Pengantar Penelitian Ilmiah. Bandung: Tarsito. Suryabrata, Sumadi. 2002. Metodologi Penelitian. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada. Thomson and Martinet. 1984. A Practical English Grammar.Oxford: ELBS. Winston and Rinehart. 1993. Language. New York: Leonard Publishing. Wren and Martin. 1986. High School English Grammar and Composition. New

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APPENDICES

Author’s Biography

Jane Green (born May 31, 1968), is the Warburg, an English author of women's novels. Together with is considered a founder of the genre known as lives with her second husband, Ian Warburg,six children, two dogs and four cats. Passionate about both food and the home, she spends most weekends cooking up a storm in her home in Westport, Connecticut, where she lives by the beach with her husband and their many children.

Actively philanthropic, her foremost charities are The Hole in the Wall Gang Camp, Paul Newman's camp for children with life-threatening illnesses, Bethel Recovery Center, and various breast cancer charities. She is also a supporter of the Westport Public Library, and the Westport Country Playhouse.

Green was born in women's features for The Daily Express, The Daily Mail, Cosmopolitan and others. Jane Green is the bestselling author of Family Pictures--available in trade

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paperback from St. Martin's Griffin. At 27, she published her first book, Straight Talking, which went straight on to the bestseller lists, and launched her career as "the queen of chick lit".

The novels, dealing with real women, real life, and all the things in between, with her trademark wisdom, wit, and warmth. She contributes to various publications, both online and in print, including the Huffington Post, the Sunday Times, and assorted anthologies.

Frequent themes in her most recent books include cooking, class wars, children, infidelity, and female friendship. She says she does not write about her life, but is inspired by the themes of her life.

Her novels The Beach House and Second Chance were on the Road.

In addition to novels, she has taught at writers conferences, and writes for various publications including Wowowow.com, and The Huffington Post.

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4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

4.1 Conclusions

The adjective clauses referring to a person by using relative pronoun who is the most dominant used in the Jane Green’s novel Another Piece of My Heart with a percentage of 43.6%.

4.2 Suggestions