38
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Methodology
1.The Place and Time of Research The field research was held at MA Pembangunan UIN Jakarta located
on Jl. Ibnu Taimia IV Komplek UIN Jakarta. The field research was done from Mei 2011. On April 18
th
, the writer asked permission to the headmaster of the school and then she did research from Mei 10
th
, 2011 up to Mei 31, 2011.
2. The Method of Research
This research used comparative analysis method. In the process of writing, the writer did field res
earch. She took the student’s speaking test of pre-test and post-test directly to be compared. Then, she used t-test formula
in counting the two variables and in testing the writer’s hypothesis.
3. The Technique of Sample Taking
a. Population
Actually, there are three classes at first grade of Islamic Senior High School of Pembangunan UIN Jakarta, namely X.A, X.B and X.C with no
more than 27 students each class. Therefore, the total population of this research is 77 students.
39 b.
Sample In taking the sample of this research, the writer used random
sampling by lettering the tree of the classes, then took the two of lotteries they are X.A class as an experiment class and X.C class, as a control
class. But the writer took 50 students from two classes. They are 25 students of X.A and 25 from X.C.
4. The Method of Data Collecting
Collecting data is an important thing for this study. To get the data which related to the language game, picture strip story and role play as
techniques in improving the studen ts’ speaking skill, the writer used two
sources; namely library and field sources. Firstly, the writer used some books related to the research to support
theoretical framework as a library sources. She got the sources by visiting some libraries such as; the library of State Islamic University including the
library of English Education Department, the library of Faculty of Tarbiyah and teacher’s Training, and University of Atmajaya University then copied
the sources. The writer got field sources by giving the students of the first grade
of MA Pembangunan UIN Jakarta, oral test. She did the test twice, at first she did pre-test and the second was post-test. The test did in pairs.
5. The Instrumentation of Research
Based on the explanation above, the instruments used in research followed:
a. Observation
Firstly, the writer observed the location where the research carried out before doing the research. It was done to get data needed, such as to
know the number of students and teachers, to know the curriculum and method which is used by English teacher.
40 b.
Test The writer gave oral test that made by herself based on the English
book. She scored the students directly by using scoring sheet see in appendix
The students did the oral test through role play. In role play technique, the students must play the role as the situation in the card that
was chosen by them. See in appendix then the students perform their role play. The students need to do the tests in pairs.
The students’ test was scored by using the rating scores of oral test by Higgs Clifford as follow:
1
Table 1 The Rating Scores of Oral Test
Conversational English Proficiency Weighting Table Proficiency Description
1 2
3 4
5 6
Total
Accent Grammar
Vocabulary Fluency
Comprehension Total
6 4
2 4
1 12
8 4
8 2
18 12
6 12
2 24
16 8
15 3
30 20
10 19
4 36
24 12
23
1
Jack C. Richards and Willy A. Renandya, Methodology in Language Teaching: An Anthology of Current Practice, New York: Cambridge university press, 2002, pp. 223-224.
41
Conversational English proficiency conversion table Total score
Level
16-25 26-32
33-42 43-52
53-62 63-72
73-82 93-99
0+ 1
1+ 2
2+ 3
3+ 4
4+
6. Technique of Data Analysis
The writer analyzed the data of students’ oral tests and scored their speaking skill by using statistics calculation of the t-test formula. Based on
the sample, t-test can be classified into two, they are: 1.
T-test for small sample N is no more than 30. 2.
T-test for big sample N is similar with or more than 30.
2
Because of the samples in this research have no correlation and the writer only take 20 students as samples, therefore in calculating the data the
writer used t-test formula for the small sample where the two samples have no correlation with significance 5. The formula as follows:
t
o
= M
1 −
M
2
X
1 2
+ X
2 2
N + N
2
N
1
+ N
2
− 2N
1
. N
2
Note: M
1
= Mean of the scores of the experiment class M
2
= Mean of the scores of the control class �
1 2
= Sum of the squared deviation score of the experiment class
2
Anas Sudjana, Pengantar Statistic Pendidikan, Jakarta:Raja Grafindo Persada, 1944, p. 286.
42 �
2 2
= Sum of the squared deviation score of the control class N
1
= Number of students in the experiment class N
2
= Number of students in the control class
7. The Hypothesis of Study
The writer’s hypothesis is there is significant difference between teaching speaking through Communicative Language Teaching and through
traditional method at the first grade of MA Pembangunan UIN Jakarta.
43
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING
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