that play. It also shows the perspective of female characters that has been silenced by the time of Industrial Revolution London.
Those studies are related with this study. The two of them have the same topic, while the last one has the same object with this study. The first and the
second focus on the motive. Both of them analyze the motive based on the novel, while this study tries to find out the motive based on a play. Besides, the theory of
motive which is used in the two studies is different with this study. The two studies use the theory by Worchel and Shebilske and also by Morris while this
study focuses on the motive’s theory by Abraham Maslow.
The last study uses the same object, Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street but it has different focus. It focuses on Johanna as one of the female
characters in the play, while this study focuses on Mrs. Lovett.
B. Review of Related Theories
This is the second part of this chapter. This part includes two theories to answer several problems. The first theories are the theories of character and
characterization and the second is the theory of basic needs.
1. Theories of Character and Characterization
According to Abrams and Harpham, characters are, the persons represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are
interpreted by the reader as possessing particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities by inferences from what the persons say and their
distinctive ways of saying it
– the dialog – and from what they do – the action 2009: 42.
E. M. Forster 1927 states in Abrams’s that there are two kinds of
characters. The first type is flat character also called a type, or “two
dimensional ”. It refers to a character which shaped in a “single idea or quality”
2009: 43. The second type of character is a round character. It means a character that
is “complex in temperament and motivation” 2009: 43. There are six elements used in analyzing the characterization of a character
in a drama as stated by Christopher Russell Reaske in 1966. The following are the ways to analyze the character.
a. The appearance of the character
According to Reaske, a character can be described by the physical appearance, “in the mere appearance of the character, we locate our first
understanding of him” 1966: 46. The description by the playwright can give the insight to the reader about the characterization of a character through the
description of how he looks like and the way he dresses.
b. Asides and soliloquies
Reaske also adds another ways to analyze the characterization is by seeing the speech of a character. Asides and soliloquies are the ways to identify the
characterization through the speech in order to know what character’s wants. In this case, a character tells to the audience about his characteristics, as Reaske
gives the example, “if he is villain, he usually explains his evil intentions or at least his malicious hopes;” 1966: 46.
c. Dialogue between characters
“speaking to others also sheds a great deal of light on his personality” 1966: 47. The reader can get the understanding related with the characterization
through the speech between a character to the other characters.
