The true meaning of Heathcliff's Love as seen in Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights.

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ABSTRACT

Pramundito, Herda (2016). The true meaning of Heathcliff’s love as seen in Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study

Program. Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University.

This study analyzes Wuthering Heights, a novel written by Emily Bronte. The novel tells about a never ending passionate love from the main character Heathcliff. The focuses on this study are the description of Heathcliff’s characteristics and the true meaning of Heathcliff’s love.

The objective of this research is to find the true meaning of Heathcliff’s love, one of the main characters of Emily Bronte’s novel, Wuthering Heights. In

order to reveal the true meaning of Heathcliff’s love, the researcher has formulated two problems. The problems of this research are “ How is Heathcliff, the main character at Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights described?” and “What is the true meaning of Heathcliff’s love?”

There are some theories used to answer the problem formulations in this study, namely theories of character, characterization, personality, motivation and love. The approach used in this study is psychological approach.

After conducting the analysis, the first finding shows about Heathcliff’s description. Heathcliff is introvert, reserved, intelligent, greedy, pessimistic, supersitious, disciplined, irritable and vengeful. The second finding shows the true meaning of Heathcliff’s love as seen in the novel. At first, Heathcliff does not realize that his love is a physical love. Soon, after Catherine dies, Heathcliff starts to realize that his feeling of love for Catherine is deep beneath his soul and his heart. The true meaning of Heathcliff’s love is immortal love.

It is recommended that the future researcher finds the true meaning of Catherine’s love. It is also suggested that the novel can be used as the material to teach Prose, Drama, or Play Performance.

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ABSTRAK

Pramundito, Herda (2016). The true meaning of Heathcliff’s love as seen in the Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa

Inggris. Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Penelitian ini menganalisis sebuah novel berjudul Wuthering Heights yang ditulis oleh Emily Bronte. Novel ini bercerita tentang sebuah cinta yang tidak pernah berakhir dari tokoh utama Heathcliff. Fokus dalam studi ini adalah deskripsi karakteristik dari Heathcliff dan makna Heathcliff yang sebenarnya.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari makna cinta Heathcliff yang sebenarnya, satu dari beberapa tokoh utama dalam novel Emily Bronte. Untuk menemukan makna cinta Heathcliff yang sebenarnya, peneliti telah merumuskan dua masalah. Permasalahan dalam studi ini adalah “Bagaimana Heathcliff, tokoh utama dalam novel Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights dideskripsikan?” dan “Apa makna cinta Heathcliff yang sebenarnya?”

Ada beberapa teori yang digunakan untuk menjawab rumusan masalah pada penelitian ini yaitu teori karakter, karakterisasi, kepribadian, motivasi dan cinta. Pendekatan yang diigunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan psikologis.

Setelah melakukan penelitian, hasil pertama menunjukkan tentang deskripsi tentang Heathcliff. Heathcliff memiliki sifat tertutup, suka menyembunyikan perasaan, cerdas, rakus, pesimistis, percaya pada hal gaib, disiplin, pemarah dan pendendam. Hasil yang kedua menunjukkan makna cinta Heathcliff seperti yang terlihat di novel. Heathcliff pada kondisi awal tidak menyadari bahwa cintanya hanyalah cinta secara fisik. Setelah Catherine meninggal, Heathcliff mulai menyadari bahwa perasaan cintanya terhadap Catherine sangat mendalam di jiwanya, di hatinya. Makna cinta Heathcliff yang sebenarnya adalah cinta yang abadi.

Sangat direkomendasikan bagi peneliti selanjutnya untuk meneliti makna cinta Catherine yang sebenarnya. Sangat dianjurkan juga, novel ini dapat dipakai sebagai bahan untuk mengajar Prose, Drama, atau Play Performance.

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THE TRUE MEANING OF HEATHCLIFF’S LOVE AS SEEN IN EMILY BRONTE’S WUTHERING HEIGHTS

A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree

in English Language Education

Herda Pramundito Student Number: 111214155

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA

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DEDICATION PAGE

“

There isn't one place that I can be without leaving.

This is my life.”

ADTR – I Remember

I dedicate this undergraduate thesis to:

ALLAH SWT

Drs. Prajudi

Dra. Suparti

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vii ABSTRACT

Pramundito, Herda (2016). The true meaning of Heathcliff‟s love as seen in Emily Bronte‟s Wuthering Heights. Yogyakarta: English Language Education

Study Program. Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University.

This study analyzes Wuthering Heights, a novel written by Emily Bronte. The novel tells about a never ending passionate love from the main character

Heathcliff. The focuses on this study are the description of Heathcliff‟s characteristics and the true meaning of Heathcliff‟s love.

The objective of this research is to find the true meaning of Heathcliff‟s

love, one of the main characters of Emily Bronte‟s novel, Wuthering Heights. In order to reveal the true meaning of Heathcliff‟s love, the researcher has formulated two problems. The problems of this research are “ How is Heathcliff, the main character at Emily Bronte‟s Wuthering Heights described?” and “What is

the true meaning of Heathcliff‟s love?”

After conducting the analysis, the first finding shows about Heathcliff‟s

description. Heathcliff is introvert, reserved, intelligent, greedy, pessimistic, supersitious, disciplined, irritable and vengeful. The second finding shows the true

meaning of Heathcliff‟s love as seen in the novel. At first, Heathcliff does not

realize that his love is a physical love. Soon, after Catherine dies, Heathcliff starts to realize that his feeling of love for Catherine is deep beneath his soul and his

heart. The true meaning of Heathcliff‟s love is immortal love.

It is recommended that the future researcher finds the true meaning of

Catherine‟s love. It is also suggested that the novel can be used as the material to teach Prose, Drama, or Play Performance.

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viii ABSTRAK

Pramundito, Herda (2016). The true meaning of Heathcliff‟s love as seen in the

Emily Bronte‟s Wuthering Heights. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan

Bahasa Inggris. Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Penelitian ini menganalisis sebuah novel berjudul Wuthering Heights yang ditulis oleh Emily Bronte. Novel ini bercerita tentang sebuah cinta yang tidak pernah berakhir dari tokoh utama Heathcliff. Fokus dalam studi ini adalah deskripsi karakteristik dari Heathcliff dan makna Heathcliff yang sebenarnya.

Setelah melakukan penelitian, hasil pertama menunjukkan tentang deskripsi tentang Heathcliff. Heathcliff memiliki sifat tertutup, suka menyembunyikan perasaan, cerdas, rakus, pesimistis, percaya pada hal gaib, disiplin, pemarah dan pendendam. Hasil yang kedua menunjukkan makna cinta Heathcliff seperti yang terlihat di novel. Heathcliff pada kondisi awal tidak menyadari bahwa cintanya hanyalah cinta secara fisik. Setelah Catherine meninggal, Heathcliff mulai menyadari bahwa perasaan cintanya terhadap Catherine sangat mendalam di jiwanya, di hatinya. Makna cinta Heathcliff yang sebenarnya adalah cinta yang abadi.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I want to give a special thanks to Allah SWT, the most gracious and merciful of the blessing so I can finish my study. I also would like to thank my prophet Muhammad SAW whose meditation I wait in the end of the world.

My deepest gratitude goes to my advisor Dr. Antonius Herujiyanto, M.A. for his time, guidance and also support during my thesis writing. I would like to thank him for the suggestions. Without them, I could not have finished my thesis.

My special gratitude goes to my academic advisor, Yuseva Ariyani Iswandari, S.Pd., M.Ed. for her time and guidance in almost five years. Another special gratitude goes to Chosa Kastuhandani, M.Hum. who asks me so many times about the time I can graduate from this university.

I dedicate this thesis to my beloved parents; my father Drs. Prajudi ‘Prataph Singh’ and my mother Mamo Dra. Suparti for always give me motivation whenever I wanted to stop studying and writing my thesis. Before I forget, I also want to thank my little brother Henu Abiseka Prasida for disturbing me when I write my thesis and asking how important is writing the thesis for me.

I would also give my big thanks to my classmates in thesis writing, Nove, Angel ‘Milii’, Irene, Tiwi and the others for helping me to write this thesis and answering my questions when I do not understand about the things related in thesis writing, without them it feels like nothing.

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Next, I love being the part of ACE Family, PBI C 2011, and Wani Perih

Syndicate. Thanks for the togetherness and the hard times that we face together.

My deepest care goes to the TKP 189 that consists of Yupe, Vika ‘ciduk,’ Ocik, Mas Yuyun and Mas Yanu. I would like to thank them for giving me meaningful experiences. I cannot forget about the hard times, the sorrow, the reflections, and everything.

I would like to thank Aprilia Wittaningsih for standing beside me through the hard times. I thank her for the support, feelings, and cheers in my study in this university and also in doing my thesis.

The last but not least, I would like to thank anyone that cannot be mentioned one by one for helping me finishing this thesis, may God bless you all, and the living creatures in this world.

Best Regards,

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE ... i

APPROVAL PAGES ... ii

DEDICATION PAGE ... iv

STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ... v

PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ... vi

ABSTRACT ... vii

ABSTRAK ... viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... xi

LIST OF APPENDICES ... xiv

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ... 1

A. Research Background... 1

B. Objective of the Study ... 2

C. Problem Formulation ... 3

D. Research Benefits ... 3

E. Definition of Terms ... 4

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 5

A. Review Related Theory ... 5

1. Psychological Approach ... 5

2. Character ... 6

3. Characterization ... 7

a. Personal Description ... 7

b. Character as Seen by Another ... 7

c. Speech ... 7

d. Past life ... 7

e. Conversation of Others... 8

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xii

g. Direct Comment ... 8

h. Thought ... 8

i. Mannerism ... 8

4. Theory of Personality ... 8

a. Physique ... 9

b. Sensory Differences ... 9

c. Intellectual Differences ... 9

d. Emotional Differences... 10

e. Cultural Influences ... 10

5. Theory of Motivation ... 11

6. Theory of Love ... 12

B. Theoretical Framework ... 16

C. Context of the Novel ... 16

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 18

A. Object of the Study... 18

B. Approach of the Study ... 19

C. Method of the Study ... 20

CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ... 22

A. Description of Heathcliff... 22

1. Physical Characteristics ... 24

a. Childhood of Heathcliff ... 24

b. Maturity of Heathcliff ... 25

2. Psychological Characteristics ... 25

a. Introvert ... 26

b. Reserved ... 26

c. Intelligent ... 27

d. Greedy ... 28

e. Pessimistic ... 28

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g. Disciplined ... 30

h. Irritable ... 30

i. Vengeful ... 30

B. The Meaning of Heathcliff‟s Love ... 30

1. Literal Meaning ... 31

2. Deeper Meaning ... 37

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... 44

A. Conclusions ... 44

B. Suggestions ... 46

REFERENCES ... 48

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix A. Summary of Wuthering Heights……… 50 Appendix B. Biography of Emily Bronte……… 56

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1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

The first chapter consists of five parts. The first part is Background of the Study which explains why the writer chose Wuthering Heights. The second part deals with Objective of the Study. The third part presents Problem Formulations. The fourth part is Benefit of Study and The fifth part is Definition of Terms.

A.Research Background

Love is one of the most important parts in the journey of human being in their life. According to May (1974), love is the cross-fertilization of mortality and immortality. Love always takes an important role to human life. There are many kinds of love according to the characteristic and the function of the love itself. There are several way to express love, it can be in the part of a phrase, sentence, script, lyrics, and also novel.

From that statement, there are lots of media that can express the meaning of love. Novel is one of the best ways to express and to analyze the meaning of love. Abrams (1981, p. 36), states that literature is a part of imitation, reflection, and also representation of world and human life. One of the best examples to

analyze is from Emily Bronte‟s novel Wuthering Heights. The first and the only

novel written by Emily Bronte. It is the greatest love story in this century.

Wuthering Heights tells about the journey of a never ending passionate

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2 Heathcliff is a mysterious gypsy-like man. This story tells about him from childhood until his death in his late thirties. Heathcliff was adopted by Earnshaw family. He was named Heathcliff, it was the name of Mr. Earnshaw‟s son who died in childhood. However, after the death of Mr. Earnshaw one of two people that love and took care of him, the status of Heathcliff is reduced to be a servant. There was the other people who love Heathcliff, she is Catherine, the daughter of Mr. Earnshaw. Then the problem comes. Catherine, the woman that he loves decides to marry another man. Heathcliff decided to runaway and changed his life to take revenge to all people who hurt him. After three years, Heathcliff returned, he was richer and educated. He set a plan about gaining his revenge on the two families that he believed ruined his life.

Although Heathcliff takes revenge on that family, he is not happy enough. He cannot love his beloved, Catherine. Heathcliff grows worse, he isn‟t eating or sleeping. He is being haunted by Catherine. He sees Catherine everywhere he looks but he feels so happy. Eventually he is found dead in Catherine's room and he is buried alongside her.

B.Objective of the Study

The aim of this study is to find the true meaning of Heathcliff‟s love as seen in Emily Bronte‟s masterpiece, Wuthering Heights.

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C.Problem Formulation

In this paper, the researcher observes about the meaning of Heathcliff‟s love in the novel Wuthering Heights.

1. How is Heathcliff, the main character at Emily Bronte‟s Wuthering Heights described?

2. What is the true meaning of Heathcliff‟s love?

D.Research Benefits

According to the objective of the study, this study attemps to find the true

meaning of Heathcliff‟s love. Therefore, this study has two benefits. The first one is for the future researcher. The second is for the teacher which also focuses on finding the meaning of Heathcliff love in the Wuthering Heights.

1. For Future Researchers

From the research, the writer is expected the future researcher can analyze more about the character and also the other characters in Wuthering

Heights. The writer also expected this research can be one of the material or

sources for future researcher. 2. For ELESP Lecturers

Based on the study, the writer hopes the results of this research will be one of the materials or guidance for lecturer especially in English Language Education Study Program to teach Prose, Drama or even Play Performance.

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4 E.Definition of Terms

Definition of terms is used to avoid misunderstanding between the writer and the reader. There are some terms that will help reader to understand the meaning namely Wuthering Heights, meaning, and love.

1. Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights is the one and only masterpiece from Emily

Bronte's, written between October 1845 and June 1846 and published in 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell.

Wuthering Heights is also known as a place on a hilltop consist of a sixteenth century farmhouse, the grandest building in the neighborhood except for Thrushcross Grange and also the home of the Earnshaw and, later on, owned by Heathcliff.

Wuthering Heights is the name of Mr. Heathcliff‟s dwelling. „Wuthering‟ being a significant provincial adjective, descriptive of the

atmospheric tumult to which its station is exposed in stormy weather. (Wuthering Heights, p. 34)

2. Love

According to May (1974), love is the cross-fertilization of mortality and immortality. Love can be defined as feeling of someone to the other. In addition, Robert Stenberg (1986) adds that love is terms of of three components that formed into a triangle. Those three components are intimacy, passion, and commitment. Love can be perfect to each other if that three components have equal portion.

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5 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents two important parts to analyze and solve the problems of the study, The Review Related Theory and Theoretical Framework. The Review Related Theory discusses about some theories that related to the true meaning of Heathcliff love in the Emily Bronte‟s, Wuthering Heights. In the

Theoretical Framework, the researcher combines all theories in order to answer the problem formulations. Context of the Novel presents about the author of the novel and the setting of the novel.

A.Review Related Theory

In the review related theory, the researcher presents some theories that related to this study. Those are the psychological approach, theories of character, characterization, personality, motivation, and love.

1. Psychological Approach

In conducting the problem formulations and the theory, the researcher uses Psychological approach. According to Rohrberger and Woods (1971), the psychological approach has function to analyze the personality development of the main character in the novel from their action and their thought. This approach is relevant to this study based on the main character. The function of this approach

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6 is to analyze the personality of the main character easier. Floyd (1950) also states that psychology is focusing on studying the behavior of man in his environment.

Freud (1958) defines that psychoanalysis is one mixture of cognition, emotion, conscious awareness and unconscious process, rational self-directed behavior and instict-driven action. This term used to analyze the relation of emotion can affect to the relationship of the main character. Barry (2002) also states that psychoanalysis used to find the evidence of unresolved emotions, psychological conflicts and ambivalences.

2. Character

Abrams (2005) states that characters are the people or a person in dramatic or narrative work, that interpreted by the reader as carrying such a moral, intellectual and also dispositional qualities that expressed in what they say like in the dialogue or in the act.

According to Abrams (1985, p. 20), there are two kinds of the character, the first one is the major character and the other is minor character. Major characters always appear in the whole story while the minor characters are less important than the major characters because they are not fully developed and they just support the major character.

In addition, Forster (1974) states that there are two categories in the character. There are flat character and round character. A flat character build from one perspective or one idea and it is not described in detail. While round character

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has more complicated act and brings emotional feeling in the scene, like sorrow or humor, so the audience will remember that character from the first story until the end of the story.

3. Characterization

Abrams (2005: 56) states that characters are the people or a person in dramatic or narrative work that interpreted by the readers. In characterization, there are two options to gain the information about the character. The first one is explicit characterization. It means that the author tells the character just like who the character is. The second one is implicit characterization, the meaning is the reader must infer how the character is.

In addition, Murphy (1972) adds nine ways in order to make the characters more understandable and more alive for the readers.

a. Personal Description

The author describes the character from the personal appearance in the body such as clothes, color of the skin, face and eyes.

b. Character as Seen by Another

The author describes the character using the other opinion to get the reflected image of the character.

c. Speech

The author gives the reader an insight into the character through what person says. Whenever the person gives conversation or an opinion, the person will give clues about the character to the readers.

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8 d. Past Life

The reader can get some clues about the character from the past life of the character. That past life gives the readers clue to shape the character from the direct comment until the medium of another person.

e. Conversation of Others

The author can give clues to the character through the conversation of the other people and everything that related to the character.

f. Reactions

The author gives a clue about the character according to their reactions of the many situations, conditions or events.

g. Direct Comment

The author describes the person character directly by the author‟s

comment. The difference between direct comment and personal description is located on the direct conversation.

h. Thoughts

An author can give the reader direct knowledge of what person thinking about, this is the difference, because in this part an author can give the reader what different people thinking.

i. Mannerisms

An author describes the person mannerisms and the habitof the character, from that part, we can get clue about the character.

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4. Theory of Personality

According to Floyd (1950), personality is the totality of the reaction patterns and reaction possibilities of each individual. It states that the individual reaction from each people can describe a character that can differentiate people and the other people. The various individual reactions come from many factors. Floyd (1950) states there are many factors influencing personality.

a. Physique

Floyd (1950) states that bodily structure is primarily determined through hereditary. It states that body or physique is one of many factors that influence the personality of every people. However, there are some factors that can be classified as a factors to analyze people through their events in their life such as accidents, illness and the other social circumstances.

b. Sensory Differences

According to Floyd (1950), the sensory influences from personality are not so obvious as the influences of physique. The slight variations in sensitivity play an important role in the way a person habitually reacts towards his environment.

c. Intellectual Differences

Floyd (1950) states that the term intellect here to sum up the parts of attending, learning, remembering, reasoning, and imagining. It means that there are some

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10 d. Emotional Differences

The emotionality from every individual is one of the clear evidence characteristic of their personality. From the fears and prejudices, and his ability to meet the accident in their life everyday fulfill their adjusment (Floyd, 1950: 497).

e. Cultural Influences

According to Floyd (1950), social conditions, success, and failure of each person will play an important part in shaping one‟s personality.

According to Allport (1964), “personality is the consistent pattern of experience and action that are evident across multiple situations or life contexts.”

Personality has purpose to analyze the pattern of the main character based on the experience and action. Personality can be different on every single human being, it comes from many aspect in this life. Dweck (2008) adds that personality has two main aspects, internal and external aspects.

a. Internal Aspect

Internal aspect consist of self-theories, family, and experience. Dweck (2008), states that believes play a critical role in how well people function. People can be useful to their environment based on their function to their environment. Their believes can be found in their intelligence, their ability, their education, or maybe on their efforts no matter what and how their can be useful to their environment. Family also plays an important role on the internal aspect.

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According to Dweck (2008), experience is including the effect of domestic violence, abuse, or maternal depression.

b. External Aspect

External aspect is the other factor that influence people‟s life especially in

children. The external aspect is the social intervention.

Social intervention related with the environment outside the children itself and the family. Social environment is the first step for everyone to deal with the circumstances, they will learn and adapt the new thing in their life and try to analyze it. This part take an important part and play a big rule in one‟s development.

f. Theory of Motivation

Herbert (1981) states that motivation is the concept to describe the acting and the direct behavior. The concept of this theory is to indicate the factor problems and the direction of the behavior itself as the effect of the problems. Interaction in the environment with other also can generate and direct the behavior. Floyd (1950) also states that motivation is the performance of human that influenced by the results of their activities. It is impossible to study personality without major constructs in motivation such as energy, social interaction, cognitive processes, and growth motivation.

Besides, Aiken (1969) states that motivation is the influence from an internal state of the organism that directs the behavior to one condition or object that is called goals. Since the motivation always has relationship with behavior, it

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12 is true that a motive or motivation explains the behavior that needed. Aiken (1969) gives an example of an animal. An animal is hungry because it is observed eating food, and an animal eating food because it is hungry. It is obviously clear that motivation is about energize the behavior and how the way to reach the goals.

g. Theory of Love

According to May (1969), love is the cross-fertilization of mortality and immortality. Lee (1973) provides six categories to classify the types or the styles of the love.

a. Eros

Eros is love that related with sensual, beauty, romantic and pleasure. There are no good or bad for this style. This style always pays attention to the sex, beauty, smell, touch and etc.

b. Ludos

Ludos is related with a game or playful love. This style describes a love as a game. They tend to play more rather than being involved in the feeling. Ludos describes love is for fun, nothing at all.

c. Storge

Storge is the most peaceful love also known as companionate love. Storge starts from friendship that goes deeper into feeling of love. If the love ends, they become friends again.

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d. Mania

Mania describes love as a mixture of conflict and romantic from Eros. Mania lovers rarely achieve happiness in love. Extreme jealousy is reasonable as a proof of love. Mania refers to the helpless obsession of love, their love feelings beyond the rational control.

e. Pragma

Pragma is taken from the words pragmatic. Pragma always satisfied and loved the other lovers because of the characteristics such as intelligence and wealth. Pragma always focuses on the detail and qualities from the other person or couple.

f. Agape

Agape has so much relation with Christian love. Agape is related with love to serve rather than receive or also known as the love of God for mankind.

Robert Stenberg (1986) adds that love is a term of of three components that formed into a triangle. Those three components are intimacy, passion, and commitment.

a. Intimacy

Intimacy deals with feelings of closeness and connected to each other in relationships. This part deals with the experience of warmth in relationship.

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14 b. Passion

Passion deals with the lead of romance, physical and sexual consumption and the other phenomena that related in relationship.

c. Commitment

Commitment in this part refers to a decision or commitment to start a relationship. The short term is just one love someone else each other, for the long term, they decide to start make a commitment to maintain the love for a long time.

Besides that, Stenberg (1986) states that the components of love and everything inside can be understood better by following the kinds of love. He provides eight kinds of love that can support his idea.

a. Nonlove

Nonlove refers to the absence of all three components of love. Nonlove represents our personal relationships, that simply and does not characterize of love at all.

b. Liking

Liking describes especially in the intimacy and does not take the passion and the commitment. It means that in Liking, we can characterize it as friendship, feel close, without feeling of intense passion and do not have commitment of love.

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c. Infatuated Love

Infatuated love is “love at first sight.” Infatuated love, or simply, infatuation. Infatuated love can be defined as a temporary state of love when someone is overly idealized and obsessed. Someone think that they must be together until the rest of their life. Infatuated love rarely last very long.

d. Empty Love

Empty love has a very strong commitment to love each other but it has absence on intimacy and passion of the components. It happens in the stagnant relationship that going for years, they have strong commitment but just lost their intimacy and passion.

e. Romantic Love

Romantic love is the mixture of the intimacy and passion components of love. This kind of love is not only pictured on the physically to each other but also in the emotionally.

f. Companionate Love

Companionate love comes from the combination of the intimacy and the commitment components of love. It can be seen on a long-term committed friendship in marriages when passion on the physical has down.

g. Fatuous Love

Fatuous love refers to the combination of passion and commitment components in the absence of intimacy component. It comes from a commitment and passion without considering the intimacy component.

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16 h. Consummate Love

Consummate love is the results of the combinaton of all the components such as, intimacy, passion and commitment component. It can be seen in romantic relationships.

B.Theoretical Framework

In order to answer the problem formulations, the researcher uses the theories that related to the study. Those are the psychological approach, theories of personality, characterization, motivation, and love. In order to answer the first formulated problem, the researcher uses the theory from Murphy (1974), theory personality from Floyd (1950) and Dweck (2008), and psychological approach to

analyze Heathcliff‟s character in the novel. In order to answer the second

formulated problem that related to the true meaning of Heathcliff‟s love,

researcher uses the theory of love from John Lee (1973) and Robert Stenberg (1986).

C.Context of the Novel

In this part, the researcher explains about the author of the novel. Wuthering Heights is the one and the only masterpiece from the writer, Emily Bronte. Because she died before the novel published. Wuthering Heights is written between October 1845 and June 1846 and published in 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. Emily Bronte was born on 30 July 1818 at 74 Market Street

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in Thornton, Bradford, Yorkshire, England. She died in the age of 30, actually in December 19, 1848. She died because of Tuberculossis, disease that happen in

Emily‟s era.

The setting of Wuthering Heights in the harsh and isolated Yorkshire moors in Northern England on 1801 according to the arrival of Mr. Lockwood to Wuthering Heights. Wuthering Heights is located on a hill high above the more bright and inviting Thrushcross Grange, which is situated in the valley below. The two houses are only four miles apart.

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18 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals with methodology which is used to analyze the answers from problem formulations. This chapter consists of three parts. The first part describes the object in this study. The second part describes the approach that used to analyze the data. The third part shows the method that conducted to complete this study.

A.Object of the Study

The object of the study is an old classic novel from Emily Bronte

Wuthering Heights. This novel was published on 1953 by Collins Clear-Type

Press in Great Britain. Emily Bronte is a United Kingdom writer. This novel consists of three hundred and fifty pages with thirty four chapters. Wuthering Heights is the first and only published novel from Emily Bronte because she died in the age of 30. This novel is about revenge and love between Heathcliff and Earnshaw family specially Catherine.

Wuthering Heights tells about the main character in the novel, Heathcliff.

Heathcliff is a mysterious gypsy-like man. This story tells about him from childhood until his death in his late thirties. Heathcliff was an orphan who adopted by Mr. Earnsha.

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There is the other people who take care and love Heathcliff, she is Catherine, the daughter of Mr. Earnshaw. Catherine, the woman that he loves, decided to marry Edgar Linton. She thinks that married Heathcliff will degrade her reputation. Heathcliff overhears that statement and decided to runaway and changed his life to take revenge to all people who hurt him.

After three years, Heathcliff returned, he was richer and educated. Nobody knows how he gains it. He set a plan about gaining his revenge on the two families that he believed ruined his life. The first revenge is takeover Wuthering Heights from Hindley by paying his gambling debts. The second revenge is ruin the relation between Catherine and Edgar Linton. The third revenge is marrying Isabella Linton, the younger sister of Edgar Linton.

Although Heathcliff took revenge on that family, he was not happy enough. He could not love his beloved, Catherine. After Catherine passed away, Heathcliff grew worse, he was not eating or sleeping. He was haunted by ghost. He saw Catherine everywhere he looked but he felt so happy. Eventually he was found dead and he was buried alongside her. Their souls were roaming over Wuthering Heights.

B.Approach of the Study

This study uses psychological approach. According to Robherger and Woods (1971), the psychological approach is used to discuss the personality development of the main character in the novel through his action and thought. By

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20 the theories of motivation and personality, it presents to analyze the factors of revenge and love behind the character. Theory of love discusses the kind of love

and to find the true meaning of the main character‟s love as seen in the data.

From that approach, researcher can analyze the true meaning of the main

character‟s love. This approach also has purpose to answer the problem formulations.

C.Method of the Study

The method of this study is library research to analyze the data. Library research is needed to gather the sources for the study such as books and journals from library or internet access. There are two kinds of source that the writer

needed. The first source is Emily Bronte‟s novel. The second source is book or

another journal that related with some theories that writer used to analyze and solve the problem formulation. There are several processes that the writer did.

The first process was reading the novel. The writer read the data not only to fulfill the process of the study, but also to get the deeper meaning about the data, and to get the atmosphere of the data.

The second process was looking for some terms and study them. The writer also read some sentences to get the deeper meaning about the love in the data. After finding some evidences, the writer started to make problem

formulation about the meaning of the main character‟s love and decided the title of this study.

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The third was collecting the data and the theories from some books, journal and the latest thesis that related with the study. The writer collected the data and the theories that related with problem formulations and the title of the study. The data and the theories used to analyze the novel and support the data analysis.

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22 CHAPTER IV

RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the finding and data analysis of the research based on the two questions presented in the Chapter I. The first question aims to find the characteristics of Heathcliff as seen in the novel. The second question aims to analyze the true meaning of Heathcliff‟s love as seen in Wuthering Heights.

A.Description of Heathcliff

In this novel, there are some characters potrayed, they are Heathcliff, Catherine Earnshaw, Edgar Linton, Isabella Linton, Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley Earnshaw, Hareton Earnshaw, Ellen Dean, Mr. Lockwood, Joseph and the other.

Abrams (2005) states that characters are the people or a person in dramatic or narrative work, were interpreted by the reader as carrying such a moral, intellectual and also dispositional qualities that expressed in what they say like in the dialogue or in the act.

According to Abrams (1985: 20), there are two kinds of the character, the first one is the major character and the other is minor character. Major characters always appear in the whole story while the minor character are less important than the major character because they are not fully developed and they just support the major character.

In this novel, Heathcliff was categorized as the major character because he appears in almost every scene in the novel. The character of Heathcliff full

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developed from the first until the end of the story. The main evidence of the novel that Heathcliff is the major character appears on the conflict, he always takes a part in the conflict of the story. Mostly, he can be described as the center of the story and the conflict also. The other evidence is Heathcliff almost appears in every chapter of the story.

According to Forster (1974), there are two categories in the character. There are flat character and round character. Heathcliff in this story described as the round character. It can be seen from the story that the author build the audience perspective about Heathcliff through his physical appearance, his speech and also in the conflict. The author let the readers build their own imagination about Heathcliff character.

In order to find out how to characterize the character, researcher uses the theory from Murphy. Murpy (1972) provides nine ways that an author can use to make the story more understandable and more alive for readers. There are nine ways that an author can used, personal description, character as seen by another, speech, past life, conversation of others, reaction, direct comment, thoughts, and

mannerisms. In order to analyze the Heathcliff‟s characteristics, the researcher

used personal description, past life, conversation of others, thoughts and mannerisms.

In this part, Heathcliff‟s characteristics will be divided into two parts, there are physical characteristics and psychological characteristics. Characteristics mostly have relation with personality. According to Floyd (1950), personality is the totality of the reaction patterns and reaction possibilities of each individual. It

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states that the individual reaction from each people can describe a character that can differenciate people and the other people.

In order to answer the problem formulation, the researcher divided the first physical characteristics of Heathcliff into two parts. The physical characteristics of Heathcliff in the childhood and in his maturity. The second part is the psychological characteristics of Heathcliff.

1. Physical Characteristics

a. The childhood of Heathcliff

Heathcliff was an adopted member of the Earnshaw family. He was named Heathcliff. Heathcliff was the name of Mr. Earnshaw son who died in childhood. Heathcliff was taken by Mr. Earnshaw during his trip in Liverpool. He came from the lower class, Mr. Earnshaw found him starving and houseless in the street of Liverpool. He was introduced as a dirty, ragged, black-haired child. Nelly Dean described Hearhcliff on her story.

We crowded round, and over Miss Cathy‟s head I had a peep at a dirty, ragged, black-haired child; big enough both to walk and talk:

indeed, its face looked older than Catherine‟s; yet when it was set on

its feet, it only stared round, and repeated over and over again some gibberish that nobody could understand. (p.64)

Heathcliff was also told by Linton‟s family, the owner of Trushcross

Grange. Mr. Linton called him as a little rascal or castaway. Mrs. Linton described Heathcliff as a gipsy and a wicked boy.

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“A wicked boy, at all events,” “ and quite unfit for a decent house!”

(p.77)

b. The maturity of Heathcliff

Heathcliff looks different when he grows into adult. It can be seen from the reaction of the Ellen that shocked about the transformation of Heathcliff.

I was amazed, more than ever, to behold the transformation of Heathcliff. He had grown a tall, athletic, well-formed man; beside whom my master seemed quite slender and youth-like. His upright carriage suggested the idea of his having been in the army. (p.121) Besides that, Mr. Lockwood also tells about the physical appearance and the inner qualities of Heathcliff when he is adult. He has a dark-skinned body, but he is handsome and has erect figure. Mr. Lockwood describes Heathcliff in the beginning of the story where he wants to rent The Trushcross Grange.

He is a dark- skinned gipsy in aspect, in dress and manners a gentleman: that is, as much a gentleman as many a country squire: rather slovenly, perhaps, yet not looking amiss with his negligence, because he has an erect and handsome figure; and rather morose. (p.35)

2. Psychological Characteristics

In this part, the explanation of psychological characteristics from heathcliff will be divided into some parts. There are introvert, reserved, intelligent, greedy, pessimismistic, supersitious, disciplined, irritable, and vengeful. The researcher gives explanation about the main character

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according to the novel. Because from that part, it can analyzed the characteristics of Heathcliff.

Here are the psychological characteristics of Heathcliff. a. Introvert

Heathcliff is an introvert person. He lives in the Wuthering Heights with an isolation. He closes the connection between him and the outside world. He has no friends and just makes a rare contact with people outside Wuthering Heights. The researcher proves the fact with conversation between Heathcliff and Mr. Lockwood.

Guests are exceedingly rare in this house that I and my dogs, I am willing to own, hardly know how to receive them. (p.38)

‟Thrushcross Grange is my own, sir,‟ he interrupted, wincing. „I

should not allow any one to inconvenience me, if I could hinder it -

walk in!‟ (p. 33)

b. Reserved

Heathcliff is a reserved person. It means that he does not like to show his feelings. He has no expression on his face. It can be seen from Mr. Lockwood perspection about Heathcliff

and I think that circumstance determined me to accept the invitation: I felt interested in a man who seemed more exaggeratedly reserved than myself. (p. 33)

He‟ll love and hate equally under cover, and esteem it a species of

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c. Intelligent

Although Heathcliff is an introvert and temperament person. He can be categorized as an intelligent person. Mr. Lockwood sees the intelligence in Heathcliff that he can attract him. He also can choose the good topic to make the conversation is not boring.

He - probably swayed by prudential consideration of the folly of offending a good tenant - relaxed a little in the laconic style of chipping off his pronouns and auxiliary verbs, and introduced what he supposed would be a subject of interest to me, - a discourse on the advantages and disadvantages of my present place of retirement. I found him very intelligent on the topics we touched; and before I went home, (p. 38)

On the other situations, Ellen also adds some facts in the novel that Heathcliff is an intelligent person. It appears on the returns of Heathcliff. She tells that Heathcliff looks intelligent on his returns to Wuthering Heights. She tells also that his manner even more dignified.

than Mr. Linton‟s; it looked intelligent, and retained no marks of

former degradation. A half- civilised ferocity lurked yet in the depressed brows and eyes full of black fire, but it was subdued; and his manner was even dignified: quite divested of roughness, though stern for grace. (p. 121)

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d. Greedy

Heathcliff is rich, he owned Wuthering Heights and Trushcross Grange. But it seems not enough for him, he is a greedy person. It can be proved from this situation, Mr. Lockwood starts to ask about the reason why he prefers to stay in Wuthering Heights and renting Trushcross Grange to Ellen Dean, the housekeeper of Wuthering Heights. The answer of Dean is Heathcliff is rich, but it looks like that he wants to obtain more money by renting Trushcross Grange.

He has nobody knows what money, and every year it increases.

Yes, yes, he‟s rich enough to live in a finer house than this: but he‟s

very near - close-handed; and, if he had meant to flit to Thrushcross Grange, as soon as he heard of a good tenant he could not have borne to miss the chance of getting a few hundreds more. It is strange people should be so greedy, when they are alone in the

world!‟ (p. 62)

e. Pessimistic

Besides his bad attitude, Heathcliff also a pessimistic person. He loves Catherine but after Catherine returns from Trushcross Grange, he feels so worthless. His clothes in muds and full of dust, his hair uncombed and the fact that he looks so dirty. He realizes that he cannot be as handsome as Edgar. Heathcliff tells about his pessimistic about the fact that he is inferior than Edgar Linton. Ellen starts to tell Heathcliff about the positive side to overcome the inferior feeling from Heathcliff.

You are younger, and yet, I‟ll be bound, you are taller and twice as

broad across the shoulders; you could knock him down in a

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Later, Heathcliff shows his feeling of his inferiority. He cannot be as good as Edgar Linton.

Heathcliff‟s face brightened a moment; then it was overcast afresh,

and he sighed.

‟But, Nelly, if I knocked him down twenty times, that wouldn‟t

make him less handsome or me more so. I wish I had light hair and a fair skin, and was dressed and behaved as well, and had a chance

of being as rich as he will be!‟ (p. 83)

Heathcliff feels envy to Edgar Linton. Heathcliff seems want to improve his financial situation. He is not rich, so Catherine does not choose him.

f. Supersitious

Heathcliff is also a supersitious person. He believes that ghosts are exist. He believes that Chaterine is haunting him. It proved from the statement of Mr. Lockwood that he sleeps in the Catherine room and

he dreams about a Chaterine‟s ghost. He screams so loud and it makes Heathcliff wakes up. Heathcliff goes into Mr. Lockwood‟s room. Mr.

Lockwood tells about what happened in that dream. After listening to Mr. Lockwood statement, Heathcliff asks Mr. Lockwood to leave the room. Outside the room, Mr. Lockwood witness Heathcliff craving for Catherine to come again.

„Come in! come in!‟ he sobbed. „Cathy, do come. Oh, do - ONCE

more! Oh! my heart‟s darling! hear me THIS time, Catherine, at

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g. Disciplined

Although he is a greedy person, Heathcliff is also a disciplined person. He is good in influencing people to work hard. Heathcliff does not get a good education. He forced to work hard since he was young. He does not like people who enjoy sitting and reading a book. Heathcliff is so angry to Catherine when she is not being a labour and just reading a book.

„There you are, at your idle tricks again! The rest of them do earn

their bread - you live on my charity! Put your trash away, and find something to do. You shall pay me for the plague of having you eternally in my sight - do you hear, damnable jade?‟ (p. 59)

h. Irritable

Heathcliff is an irritable person. It appears when Edgar comes to Wuthering and mocks Heathcliff. As a person with bad temper,

Heathcliff‟s violent nature cannot endure Edgar‟s words.

He seized a tureen of hot apple sauce (the first thing that came

under his gripe) and dashed it full against the speaker‟s face and

neck; who instantly commenced a lament that brought Isabella and Catherine hurrying to the place. (p. 85)

i. Vengeful

In this part, this is the personality from Heathcliff that appears in the novel gradually. Heathcliff sets a plan how to take a revenge on Hindley that make his childhood full of bad treatment and make him as a servant after Mr. Earnshaw died.

„I‟m trying to settle how I shall pay Hindley back. I don‟t care how

long I wait, if I can only do it at last. I hope he will not die before I

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„I only wish I knew the best way! Let me alone, and I‟ll plan it out: while I‟m thinking of that I don‟t feel pain.‟(p. 87)

B. The Meaning of Heathcliff’s Love

In this study, the researcher divides the meaning of Heathcliff‟s love into

two parts. The first one, the literal meaning and the second is deeper meaning. The researcher apply the theory of Stenberg (1986), May (1974), and Lee (1973) to

find the literal meaning and deeper meaning about Heathcliff‟s love.

According to Robert Stenberg (1986), love is terms of of three components that formed into a triangle. Those three components are intimacy, passion, and commitment.

May (1974) also states that love is the cross-fertilization of mortality and immortality. This two theories will be applied to find the literal meaning and deeper meaning.

To know the meaning of Heathcliff‟s love as seen in the novel, the

researcher will analyze both literal and deeper meaning.

1. Literal Meaning

In the novel, Heathcliff appears to be the main character who needs love.

Heathcliff‟s love to Catherine is not basically from their physical attraction, but it

appears deeply on the soul. Heathcliff is not telling Catherine directly that he loves her. He hides his feeling for Catherine, eventhough Catherine also loves Heathcliff.

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Nelly Dean told Mr. Lockwood that Heathcliff and Catherine have shown their intimate since they were children. Nelly told that they cried together and support together when Mr. Earnshaw, the one that loves Heathcliff besides Catherine, died.

The little souls were comforting each other with better thoughts than I could have hit on: no parson in the world ever pictured heaven so beautifully as they did, in their innocent talk; and, while I sobbed and listened, I could not help wishing we were all there safe together. (p. 71) In this part, the first components of love according to the Stenberg (1986) theory has fulfilled. The first component is intimacy, Heathcliff shows intimacy towards Catherine with their innocent talk that shows there is no awkward feeling of being together. They show the intimacy eventhough Mr. Earnshaw has passed away, but the two components like passion and commitment is not fulfilled.

As the time passed, Heathcliff receives much love from Catherine. She accompanies him, teaches him to read, and plays with him. He likes the activities because he never had friend like Catherine who wants to be with him. Heathcliff‟s love grows into passion of possessiveness feeling toward Catherine.

The researcher finds that Heathcliff can have positive attitude when the needs of love are fulfilled. However, the positive attitude is not longer stay on his personality. It starts to dissapear when Heathcliff and Catherine were trapped on the moors and spied on the Trushcross Grange house, Catherine was attacked by

the Linton‟s dog, she has to stay in Trushcross Grange for five weeks. He wants to

stay in there, but he was rejected by the Linton‟s and he is dissapointed.

After five weeks, Catherine returns from Trushcross Grange, she changes

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personality starts to change. He feels inferior about the changes in the person that he loves. Heathcliff show the feeling of his inferiority when he refuses to shake hand to Catherine.

‟You needn‟t have touched me!‟ he answered, following her eye and snatching away his hand. „I shall be as dirty as I please: and I like to be

dirty, and I will be dirty.‟(p. 81)

The relation between Catherine and Edgar Linton get closer after Catherine stays at Trushscross Grange. Edgar visits Wuthering very often and have dinner together. Heathcliff is not allowed to join the dinner and he must stay in the kitchen.

Heathcliff‟s obsession to his love grows stronger. Heathcliff feels jealous

to Edgar who often visits Wuthering and whose relation with Catherine get closer.

He feels afraid that Edgar will win Catherine‟s heart. The situation is getting worse when Catherine responds Edgar attention, she prefers to have a date with Edgar rather than Heathcliff.

Heathcliff starts to think how he can have a time with Catherine. He marks the day when Edgar comes and have a day with Catherine, so the day that Edgar is not visited Catherine will be his time with her. Heathcliff shows the almanack in the wall to Catherine.

‟Nothing - only look at the almanack on that wall;‟ he pointed to a framed sheet hanging near the window, and continued, „The crosses are for the evenings you have spent with the Lintons, the dots for those spent with

me. Do you see? I‟ve marked every day.‟(p. 96)

Heathcliff hopes that Catherine will realize and have a time with him. However the situation is different. Catherine is not care about the almanack on the

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wall, she gets irritated about what Heathcliff does. Catherine‟s attitude have

changed.

‟And should I always be sitting with you?‟ she demanded, growing more irritated. „What good do I get? What do you talk about? You might be dumb, or a baby, for anything you say to amuse me, or for anything you

do, either!‟(p. 96)

Heathcliff also improves his intelligence in order to make him equal to Catherine. Nelly told how Heathcliff tries to be the same with Catherine to gain her attention.

He struggled long to keep up an equality with Catherine in her studies, and yielded with poignant though silent regret: but he yielded completely; and there was no prevailing on him to take a step in the way of moving upward, when he found he must, necessarily, sink beneath his former level. (p. 94)

Heathcliff feels that Catherine is not respond his attention to her. He feels that he looses Catherine. It happens when he overhears the conversation between Catherine and Nelly.

My great miseries in this world have been Heathcliff‟s miseries, and I watched and felt each from the beginning: my great thought in living is himself. If all else perished, and HE remained, I should still continue to be; and if all else remained, and he were annihilated, the universe would turn to a mighty stranger: I should not seem a part of it. - My love for Linton is

like the foliage in the woods: time will change it, I‟m well aware, as winter

changes the trees. My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath: a source of little visible delight, but necessary. Nelly, I AM

Heathcliff! He‟s always, always in my mind: not as a pleasure, any more than I am always a pleasure to myself, but as my own being. So don‟t talk

of our separation again: it is impracticable; (p.108)

This is the evidence that Catherine‟s true love is for Heathcliff. But

Catherine cannot marry Heathcliff because it will degrade the position of Catherine. Catherine said it to Nelly in the conversation.

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I shouldn‟t have thought of it. It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now; (p. 106)

In that position, decision to marry Edgar is the best choice for Catherine. She thinks that marry Edgar will upgrade her position, and she will be rich also because Edgar is rich.

‟And he will be rich, and I shall like to be the greatest woman of the

neighbourhood, and I shall be proud of having such a husband.‟(p. 104)

Heathcliff frustated after hearing the statement and confession from

Catherine. He thinks that he cannot get Catherine‟s love and attention because of his appearance now and his poverty. He leaves Wuthering Heights because of that situations. In this part, theory of motivation from Aiken (1969) will be applied to answer the motivation of Heathcliff leaves Wuthering Heights.

Aiken (1969) states that motivation is the influence from an internal state of the organism that directs the behavior to one condition or object that is called goals. Since the motivation are always have relationship with behavior, it is true that a motive or motivation explains the behavior that needed.

In this situation, Heathcliff feels that he is not handsome and not rich

enough to attract Catherine‟s attention. Because of that reasons, Heathcliff is

motivated to change his fate, the fate from God. In this part, the meaning of

Heathcliff‟s love starts to appear, Heathcliff‟s love is infatuated and maniac love. According to Lee (1973), Mania describes love as a mixture of conflict and romantic from Eros. Maniac lovers rarely achieve happiness in love. Extreme jealousy is reasonable as a proof of love. Mania refers to the helpless obsession of love, their love feelings beyond the rational control.

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Heathcliff appears to have a mania love because of the needs of his love. It can be seen that he needs Catherine physically. Heathcliff has obsessed with Catherine. He loves the act of Catherine, the way she teaches, she plays and how she takes care of him.

Three years Heathcliff dissapear from Wuthering Heights, now he returns to Wuthering Heights and he has changed. It appears on the statement of Nelly about Heathcliff that he is changed.

Heathcliff‟s love turns into the feeling of revenge. He wants to revenge to

all people who hurt him and give a bad treatment to him. He starts his revenge by owning Wuthering Heights. He pays all Hindley‟s debt because of gambling. He owns Wuthering Heights and be a landlord in there.

The second revenge of Heathcliff is for Edgar Linton. He wants to take revenge because he married the woman that Heathcliff loved. He comes to Trushcross Grange and have a time with Edgar and Catherine. Heathcliff shows his dissapointment through his speech.

‟I wish you joy of the milk-blooded coward, Cathy!‟ said her friend. „I compliment you on your taste. And that is the slavering, shivering thing you preferred to me! (p. 140)

The third revenge of Heathcliff is destroy the relation between Edgar and Isabella. Isabella loves Heathcliff from his first appearance in Trushcross after he returns. Heathcliff finds a way to take another revenge, so he decides to marry Isabella to take his revenge to Edgar.

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In conclusion, the meaning of Heatahcliff‟s love is presenting the physical

love of Heathcliff. He has a maniac types of love because he has so much obsession about Catherine. He seems to make a protest to God about his situations and why he was born to be like that.

2. Deeper Meaning

The deeper meaning of Heathcliff‟s love is the meaning that can be seen in the novel implicitly. The deeper meaning of Heathcliff‟s love is not only from

what the main character says, but it also can be seen from the motivation of the main character.

In this part, it can be described from the literal meaning that meaning of

Heathcliff‟s love is maniac love or infatuated love. The researcher also states that meaning of Heathcliff‟s love is physical love. It can be seen implicitly from the novel, Heathcliff wants Catherine so much. The researcher analyzes the deeper

meaning of Heathcliff‟s love from the leaving of Heathcliff from Wuthering

Heights.

According to Aiken (1969), motivation is the influence from an internal state of the organism that directs the behavior to one condition or object that is called goals.

The motivation of Heathcliff when leaving Wuthering Heights is to change his fate implicitly. His internal state of the organism directs him to make a change through everything, appearance and financial. He thinks that change his fate will change Catherine also.

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Heathcliff changes his fate to have an equal position with Catherine. He needs the love. In this situation, Heathcliff‟s love can be described as physically

love, not spiritual love. Heathcliff‟s love is not growing spiritually inside his heart. The meaning of spiritual love is Heathcliff‟s love is growing deep beneath his soul.

Before the death of Catherine, Heathcliff feels that life without Catherine is not worth living. He feels that his future without Catherine is death and hell. Even though her unfortunate choice for a husband, Heathcliff knows that Edgar is incapable of loving Catherine as the way he does.

Two words would comprehend my future - DEATH and HELL: existence, after losing her, would be hell. Yet I was a fool to fancy for a moment that

she valued Edgar Linton‟s attachment more than mine. If he loved with all

the powers of his puny being, he couldn‟t love as much in eighty years as I could in a day. (p. 172)

In the different situations, when Heathcliff meets Catherine, he states that

he does not break Catherine‟s heart. He wants to protest about his overhears when

Catherine decides to marry Edgar, not him. Catherine is breaking her heart and it breaks Heathcliff‟s heart also. He wonders how he lives without the woman that he loves. He states it when he has a conversation with Catherine.

I have not broken your heart - YOU have broken it; and in breaking it, you have broken mine. So much the worse for me that I am strong. Do I want to live? What kind of living will it be when you - oh, God! would YOU

like to live with your soul in the grave?‟ (p. 184)

In this part, the statement from Heathcliff is clear enough to analyze that he has a maniac love that focuses on a physical love. He does not realize that he does not really love Catherine. He just loves Catherine on his physical side, he

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cannot loose Catherine. He loves Catherine but he wants Catherine feels also the same with what Heathcliff feels.

However, on the day that Catherine passed away he starts to realize that his love is not immortal for her. He cannot loose Catherine, his love starts to sink deep beneath his soul. Heathcliff says a prayer but not a prayer, just like a statement from a lunatic. He is so obsessed about Catherine, in this statement, Heathcliff appears to have a spiritual love for Catherine.

Catherine Earnshaw, may you not rest as long as I am living. You said I killed you--haunt me then. The murdered do haunt their murderers. I believe--I know that ghosts have wandered the earth. Be with me always--take any form--drive me mad. Only do not leave me in this abyss, where I cannot find you! Oh, God! It is unutterable! I cannot live without my life! I cannot live without my soul! (p.189)

Heathcliff also looks like a lunatic. It can be seen also from the

anti-normal act that he asks sexton to open the Catherine‟s coffin so he can see the

face of Catherine.

„I‟ll tell you what I did yesterday! I got the sexton, who was digging Linton‟s grave, to remove the earth off her coffin lid, and I opened it. I thought, once, I would have stayed there: when I saw her face again - it is hers yet! (p. 302)

From Heathcliff‟s statement, it can be described that he is going to be a

lunatic, he is so depressed that Catherine is passed away. He wants Catherine haunted him, Heathcliff wants Catherine be with him in any form, so he can feel

alive again. He also opens Catherine‟s coffin just want to see Catherine‟s face. In

that statement described also that Heathcliff cannot live without his life. The meaning of his life and his soul is Catherine.

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In another situations, Catherine seems haunted Heathcliff, he feels her

appearance in everywhere. Heathcliff is being surrounded with Catherine‟s image.

He thinks that everything is just memoranda for the reason that He losts her. I am surrounded with her image! The most ordinary faces of men and women - my own features - mock me with a resemblance. The entire world is a dreadful collection of memoranda that she did exist, and that I have lost her! (p. 335)

Heathcliff starts to be haunted by Catherine, even when Mr. Lockwood sleeps in the Catherine room, Mr. Lockwood sees the image of Catherine. Heathcliff soon comes to Catherine rooms and let Mr. Lockwood go out, He acts like a lunatic who wants Catherine haunted him again. He feels lost.

„Come in! come in!‟ he sobbed. „Cathy, do come. Oh, do - ONCE more!

Oh! my heart‟s darling! hear me THIS time, Catherine, at last!‟ (p. 57)

The researcher analyzes the situations on the novel that Heathcliff starts to think how he can be with Catherine. There are lots of situations that make Heathcliff feels that his love starts to grow spiritual for Catherine.

After being haunted by Catherine, Heathcliff losts his consciousness and start dying. He is not eating at all. He moves to room with panelled bed that the window is wide enough to let someone get through. He seems to make a midnight excursion to somewhere.

Mr. Heathcliff was going to bed, and he wanted nothing to eat till morning. We heard him mount the stairs directly; he did not proceed to his ordinary chamber, but turned into that with the panelled bed: its window, as I mentioned before, is wide enough for anybody to get through; and it struck me that he plotted another midnight excursion, of which he had rather we had no suspicion. (p. 340)

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Heathcliff starts to imagine or see the Catherine‟s ghost. Heathcliff looks

happy and looking Catherine with pleasure. Nelly described the appearance of Catherine to Mr. Lockwood. Heathcliff feels happy.

Now, I perceived he was not looking at the wall; for when I regarded him

alone, it seemed exactly that he gazed at something within two yards‟

distance. And whatever it was, it communicated, apparently, both pleasure and pain in exquisite extremes: (p. 342)

Heathcliff suggests Nelly that he must buried near Catherine‟s tomb. He

tells to Nelly also that he attains his heaven. Heathcliff thinks that his heaven is not a place after die, but his heaven means the situations that he can meet Catherine and live forever in the same world.

I tell you I have nearly attained MY heaven; and that of others is altogether unvalued and uncovered by me. (p. 344)

The death of Heathcliff has come. Heathcliff dies mysteriously. The window is open and his eyes is so keen and fierce, his face seems to be smile. Nelly tries to make sure that he is really die, and that is true that Heathcliff died.

When I put my fingers to it, I could doubt no more: he was dead and stark! (p. 346)

I hasped the window; I combed his black long hair from his forehead; I tried to close his eyes: (p. 346)

In this part, Heathcliff‟s soul seems to be haunted Wuthering Heights. People see him near the church and even within Heathcliff‟s house. The two soul

is not rest in peace. They haunted that place. It can be seen from Nelly‟s description about the two souls.

But the country folks, if you ask them, would swear on the Bible that he WALKS: there are those who speak to having met him near the church, and on the moor, and even within this house. Idle tales, you‟ll say, and so

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looking out of his chamber window on every rainy night since his death: (p. 347)

Finally, Nelly experienced that odd situation when she is going to the Grange in one evening. She sees a little boy with his livestock, a sheep and lambs. He is crying because of his livestocks cannot be controlled. Nelly tells that experience to Mr. Lockwood.

‟What is the matter, my little man?‟ I asked.

‟There‟s Heathcliff and a woman yonder, under t‟ nab,‟ he blubbered, „un‟ I darnut pass „em.‟ (p. 347)

From the conversation between Nelly and a little boy, it can be seen that little boy cannot lie that he sees Heathcliff and Catherine. The livestock that cannot be controlled is also the fact that Heathcliff and Catherine appear in that area.

In conclusion, the deeper meaning of Heathcliff‟s love can be seen after

the returns of Heathcliff to Wuthering Heights. He has a physical love or maniac love or infatuated love. He is so obsessed to live with Catherine, but the fate is not let Heathcliff live together with Catherine. He protests to God implicitly. He changes his fate, but does not change his life also. Heathcliff realizes that his love is not immortal. He becomes a lunatic after Catherine passed away. He starts to feel that he looses Catherine. He is being haunted by Catherine everywhere, everytime. He starts to loose his consciousness, he sees Catherine but he feels very happy because he can be with her. Soon, Heathcliff dies mysteriously.

However people see Heathcliff and Catherine‟s ghost roaming over Wuthering

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any problems. The researcher sees this situation as a couple of spiritual love. Although they cannot unite together in the real world, their soul unite in the other world as the real spiritual love.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

This chapter consists of two parts. There are conclusions and suggestions. Conclusions refers to the characteristics of Heathcliff and true meaning of

Heathcliff‟s love which are analyzed in chapter four. The suggestions are related

to suggestion for the future researcher and also teacher.

A. Conclusions

There are two points that can be concluded from the problem formulations that have been discussed in chapter four. In this chapter, the researcher summarizes two points into some paragraphs as follow:

The first point is Heathcliff‟s character. In this novel, Heathcliff appears to be the major character. Heathcliff always appears in the whole story. Heathcliff is also a round character in the novel. Heathcliff is described as a a dirty, ragged, black-haired child in his childhood. In his maturity, he appears to be a a tall, athletic, and well-formed man that seem to be in an army. From the psychology part, Heathcliff is an introvert person. He lives in Wuthering Heights with an isolation, he just make a rare contact with outsiders. He is also a reserved person, he does not like to show his feelings. Even though he is a reserved person, he is an intelligent person. It can be seen from the conversation with Mr. Lockwood, Heathcliff can attract him in a conversation with good topic.

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Heathcliff owns Wuthering Heights and Trushcross Grange, but it seems not enough for him. He turns to be a greedy person. He prefers to live in Wuthering rather than in Trushcross Grange that better than Wuthering Heights just only to get some more money. He is also a pessimistic person. It can be shown from the conversation between Nelly and Heathcliff. He cannot be as handsome and good as Edgar Linton. He shows his inferiority to Nelly.

Heathcliff believes that ghost are exist indicating that he is a supersitious

person. He believes that Catherine‟s ghost is exist, he also being haunted by Catherine‟s ghost. It makes him to be a supersitious person. Heathcliff is good at

influencing people to be discipline, even he does not get a good education.

In psychological, it is described that Heathcliff is an irritable person, he

cannot endure Edgar‟s words that mock him. He seized a tureen of hot apple sauce

to Edgar. He is not only irritable person, but he is also a vengeful person. Heathcliff sets a plan how to take a revenge on Hindley that make his childhood full of bad treatment and make him as a servant after Mr. Earnshaw died.

The second point is about the meaning of Heathcliff‟s love. In this study, researcher explains Heathcliff‟s love from two different sides. The first one is

literal meaning. It can be seen from what Heathcliff‟s says and the conversation in

the novel. Heathcliff appears to have a maniac love that focuses on the physical love. He wants to be with Catherine. It makes him has a maniac love or infatuated love.

Then, the true meaning of Heathcliff‟s love can be reviewed from his

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A few days later, Heathcliff came to the Grange while Edgar was at church. He had a passionate reunion with Catherine, in which they forgave each other as much as possible for their mutual betrayals. Catherine fainted, Edgar returned, and Heathcliff left. Catherine died that night after giving birth to a daughter. Edgar was terribly grieved and Heathcliff wildly so––he begged Catherine's ghost to haunt him. A few days later, Hindley tried to murder Heathcliff, but Heathcliff almost murdered him instead. Isabella escaped from Wuthering Heights and went to live close to London, where she gave birth to a son, Linton. Hindley died a few months after his sister Catherine.

Catherine and Edgar's daughter, Cathy, grew to be a beloved and charming child. She was brought up entirely within the confines of the Grange, and was entirely unaware of the existence of Wuthering Heights, Heathcliff, or her cousin Hareton there. Once she found the farmhouse while exploring the moors, and was upset to think that such an ignorant rustic as Hareton could be related to her. Ellen ordered her not to return there and explained about Heathcliff's feud with Cathy's father, Edgar.

Isabella died when Linton was about twelve years old, and Edgar went to fetch him to the Grange. Linton was a peevish and effeminate boy, but Cathy was pleased to have a playmate. That very day, however, Heathcliff sent Joseph to fetch his son to Wuthering Heights, and when Cathy woke up the next morning her cousin was gone. Though sad at first, she soon got over it, and continued her happy childhood.

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On her sixteenth birthday, Cathy and Ellen strayed onto Heathcliff's lands, and he invited them into Wuthering Heights to see Linton. Cathy was pleased to renew her acquaintance, and Heathcliff was eager to promote a romance between the two cousins, so as to ensure himself of Edgar's land when he died. When they returned home, Edgar forbade Cathy to continue visiting there, and said that Heathcliff was an evil man. Cathy then began a secret correspondence with Linton, which became an exchange of love letters. Ellen found out and put an end to it.

Edgar became ill. Heathcliff asked Cathy to return to Wuthering Heights because Linton was breaking his heart for her. She did so, and found Linton to be a bullying invalid, but not without charm. Ellen fell ill as well and was unable to prevent Cathy from visiting Wuthering Heights every day. Cathy felt obliged to help Linton, and despised Hareton for being clumsy and illiterate. Ellen told Edgar about the visits when she found out, and he forbade Cathy to go any more.

Edgar was in poor health and didn't know about Linton's equally bad health and bad character, so he thought it would be good for Cathy to marry him–

–since Linton and not Cathy would most likely inherit the Grange. A system was fixed up in which Linton and Cathy met outside. Linton was increasingly ill, and seemed to be terrified of something––as it turned out, his father was forcing him to court Cathy. Heathcliff feared Linton would die before Edgar did, so eventually he all but kidnapped Cathy and Ellen, and told them Cathy couldn't go home to

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see her dying father until she married Linton. Cathy did marry Linton, and escaped in time to see Edgar before he died.

After Edgar's funeral (he was buried next to his wife) Heathcliff fetched Cathy to Wuthering Heights to take care of Linton, who was dying, and to free up the Grange so he could rent it out (to Lockwood, in fact). Heathcliff told Ellen that he was still obsessed by his beloved Catherine, and had gone to gaze at her long-dead body when her coffin was uncovered by the digging of Edgar's grave.

Cathy had to care for Linton alone, and when he died, she maintained an unfriendly attitude to the household: Heathcliff, Hareton (who was in love with her), Joseph, and Zillah, the housekeeper. As time passed, however, she became lonely enough to seek Hareton's company, and began teaching him to read.

This is around the time of Lockwood's time at the Grange. He leaves the area for several months, and when he returns, he learns that while he was gone:

Heathcliff began to act more and more strangely, and became incapable of concentrating on the world around him, as though Catherine's ghost wouldn't let him. He all but stopped eating and sleeping, and Ellen found him dead one morning, with a savage smile on his face. He was buried next to Catherine, as he had wished. Hareton grieved for him, but was too happy with the younger Cathy to be inconsolable. When the novel ends, Hareton and Cathy plan to marry and move to the Grange.

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Source: http://www.gradesaver.com/wuthering-heights/study-guide/summary

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Appendix B

Biography of Emily Bronte

Born on July 30, 1818, in Thornton, Yorkshire, England, Emily Brontë is best remembered for her 1847 novel, Wuthering Heights. She was not the only creative talent in her family, her sisters Charlotte and Anne enjoyed some literary success as well. Her father had published several works during his lifetime, too.

Emily was the fifth child of Reverend Patrick Brontë and his wife, Maria Branwell Brontë. The family moved to Haworth in April 1821. Only a few months later, Brontë's mother died of cancer; her death came nearly nine months after the birth of her sister, Anne. Her mother's sister, Elizabeth Branwell, came to live with the family to help care for the children.

At the age of 6, Emily was sent to the Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge with Charlotte and her two oldest sisters, Elizabeth and Maria. Both Elizabeth and Maria became seriously ill at school and returned home, where they died of tuberculosis in 1825. Brontë's father removed both Emily and Charlotte from the school as well.

Coming from a poor family, Brontë tried to find work. She became a teacher at the Law Hill School in September 1837, but she left her position the following March. Brontë and her sister Charlotte traveled to Brussels in 1842 to study, but the death of their aunt Elizabeth forced them to return home.

Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights was first published in London in 1847, appearing as the first two volumes of a three-volume set that included Anne

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Brontë's Agnes Grey. The authors were printed as being Ellis and Acton Bell; Emily's real name did not appear until 1850, when it was printed on the title page of an edited commercial edition. The novel's innovative structure somewhat puzzled critics.

Emily believed that her health, like her sisters', had been weakened by the harsh local climate and by unsanitary conditions at home, the source of water being contaminated by runoff from the church's graveyard. She caught a severe cold during the funeral of her brother Branwell in September 1848 and was soon showing symptoms of tuberculosis. She died at about two in the afternoon of 19 December 1848.

The true meaning of Heathcliff's Love as seen in Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights.

“

There isn't one place that I can be without leaving.

This is my life.”

I dedicate this undergraduate thesis to:

ALLAH SWT

Drs. Prajudi

Dra. Suparti

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“

There isn't one place that I can be without leaving.

This is my life.”

I dedicate this undergraduate thesis to:

ALLAH SWT

Drs. Prajudi

Dra. Suparti

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