Kinds of sentences the wind in the

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1.3 Kinds of sentences

There are basically four kinds of sentences based on the content in language. They are simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence, compound complex sentence. The kind of sentence is determined by the total and role of clauses used to form it. Allsop and Hunt 1967:15-36 classify sentence into three kinds of sentence. Sentences may be classified according to 1 Their grammatical structure, 2 Their function, 3 Their rhetorical form. Classification according to grammatical structure: 1 The simple sentence, which contains only one clause. 2 The compound sentence, which contains two or more principal clauses which are said to be in co-ordination. 3 The complex sentence, which consists of a principal clause and one or more subordinate clauses. 4 The compound-complex sentence, which consists of two or more principal clauses and one or more subordinate clauses. Example: 1 One summer afternoon Laura went to practice the piano 2 She soon gave up playing and went to the window. 3 She stared out into the sun baked garden, which was empty now and very still. Universitas Sumatera Utara 13 4 The streets that lay behind the high palings were also deserted in the drowsy heat, and the gentle tinkling of the vesper bell in the nearby seminary was the only sound to be heard Classification of sentences according to function: 1 The declarative sentence, which makes a statement. 2 The interrogative sentence, which asks a question. 3 The imperative sentence, which makes a request, gives an order, or expresses a desire or entreaty. 4 The exclamatory sentence, which gives emphasis to a statement by expressing it in the form of an exclamation. Classification of sentences according to rhetorical form according to the order of the phrases and clauses in the sentence: 1 The periodic sentence is one in which the principal clause comes at the end of the sentence or is completed only at the end of the sentence, the reader being held in suspense until the period which marks the completion of the thought. 2 The loose sentence the most commonly used kind of sentence is one in which the principal clause is followed by one or more phrases or subordinate clauses. 3 The loose-periodic sentence is a periodic sentence expect for the fact that it ends with a short subordinate clause. 4 The balanced sentence is so constructed that one part of it is similar to another part in length and form. Universitas Sumatera Utara 14 Alice and Ann 1999:155 say that sentence is divided into four kinds of sentences in English: 1. Simple sentence Simple sentence is a sentence that only has one independent clause Example: 1 I enjoy playing tennis with my friends every weekend. 2 I enjoy playing tennis and look forward to it every weekend 3My friends and I play tennis and go bowling every weekend. Second sentence has two verbs, enjoy and look forward to. This is called a compound verb. Because there is only one clause, this is simple sentence. The third sentence has a compound subject as well as a compound verb, but it stills a simple sentence because it has only one clause. 2. Compound sentence Compound sentence is two or more independent clauses joined together. There are three ways to join clauses: 1 With a coordinator I enjoy tennis, but I hate golf 2 With a conjunctive adverb I enjoy tennis; however, I hate golf 3 With semicolon I enjoy tennis; I hate golf

1. Compound Sentences with coordinators