Theory of Moral and Morality

part of human development, it can designate psychological and pathological problems to concern. b. Parental Alienation DR. Richard A. Warshak in his journal entitled “What is Parental Alienation?” 2013 defines the term as the state of a child being alienated from a parent. This is a common effect of divorce to the children. Divorced couples— although not necessarily all—have a tendency of alienating the children from the “leaving” parent. Hence, it is not only the time apart which separates the children from one parent who is leaving the house after divorce, but also the shared thoughts of the “staying” parent toward the “leaving” one. Children undergoing the sense of parental alienation, according to Edward Kruk, Ph. D in “The Impact of Parental Alienation on Children” 2013 can be alienated from either one or both parents, although most of them tend to have a sense of rejection toward the targeted parent. This kind of post-divorce phenomenon is coined in http:www.healthline.com as parental alienation—the post-divorce effect where one of the divorcees start to be more dominant than another and commonly attempt to influence the children to hate the previous partner. It causes the “staying” parent to have the tendency of alienating the child from the “leaving” parent. This isolating attempt can be done by separating the child from the “leaving” parent physically— doesn’t give any permission for the child to meet the parent, living at the place far from the “leaving” parent, or by alienating the child from the “leaving” parent by telling negative thoughts about the person. It is also stated that broken-home children tend to have a tendency of dealing with drugs or crime, but may also become an outstanding one at school or organization and society in order to show their “existence” as “normal” children even though their parents are separated. c. Social Alienation In modern society, alienation is undergone by many workers with different levels of position. The top levels of the organizational hierarchy are those with the highest possibility of feeling lonely and isolated. These people might be psychologically, physically, or socially isolated from their subordinates Karp and Yoels, 1986:204. Social alienation can also happen to the elderly, which are not able to identify their true identity. Most societies picture them as carefree, well-dressed, and financially stable, while they in fact, may live with incurable diseases, which become their physical and psychological burden. Alienation happens in the first place since compared to traditional world, modern world tends to do reasoning on various kinds of things. Before urbanization and industrialization, human suffering and restrictions on life chances were accepted as God’s will which goes naturally. However, modern societies assume these things to be no longer inevitable and natural, instead those things seem to be the subject of human will and action Karp and Yoels, 1986:283. Hence, there are many things defined to be injustice and end up causing alienation. This phenomenon happens most to people assuming that they have the power over everything happening in the world.

C. Theoretical Framework

In order to answer two problem formulation encountered in this study, some reviews and theories are required to form a thorough analysis. Two different previously-written reviews about the literary work—The Time Keeper and its author, Mitch Albom are referred to. The first one is composed by Cynthia Laurensia that sees deeper to the characteristics of Sarah Lemon as a teenage girl, emphasizing on her struggles to face life that finally leads to her decision of committing suicide. The next study is written by Alisa Mutiara, concerning about similar topics—life and death, and moral lessons learned from both events. The writer also work based on some theories which can be used to provide answers to formulated problems in this study. Those theories are the theory of characters and characterizations, the theory of moral and morality, and the theory of alienation. These three theories will be used to first, characterize the characters in The Time Keeper and to show how these characters are alienated; and also, to study how these alienated characters perceive time they have in life differently; and second, to see moral lessons concerning life and death are described through these alienated characters. The author also pays attention to the relation between literature and moral. In order to find out how alienated characters are described in the novel, the writer uses the theory of character and characterization by elaborating each character’s personal characteristics. Two characters with opposite characteristics will be discussed in answering the first formulated problem. By considering some principles of characterizing the characters, the writer will comprehensively try to