The Struggle of Annisa Against Patriarchal Culture in Nover “Perempuan Berkalung Sorban” by Abidah Khalieqy

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THE STRUGGLE OF ANNISA AGAINST PATRIARCHAL CULTURE IN NOVEL “PEREMPUAN BERKALUNG SORBAN” BY ABIDAH EL

KHALIEQY

A THESIS

ARYANTI DWI ASTUTI REG. NO. 100705013

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

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THE STRUGGLE OF ANNISA AGAINST PATRIARCHAL CULTURE IN NOVEL “PEREMPUAN BERKALUNG SORBAN” BY ABIDAH EL

KHALIEQY

A THESIS BY

ARYANTI DWI ASTUTI REG. NO. 100705013

SUPERVISOR CO- SUPERVISOR

Dra. Redita Lubis, M.Hum, Dip.App.Ling Dra. Diah Rahayu Pratama, M.pd NIP. 194904231974122001 NIP. 195612141986012001 Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA 2014

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Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination

Head, Secretary,

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S Rahmadsyah Rangkuti,MA,Ph.D NIP. 19541117 198003 1 002 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002

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Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on October 27th, 2014.

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara

Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA NIP.19511013 197603 1 001

Board of Examineers

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S ………. Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA, Ph.D ………. Dra. Redita Lubis, M.Hum, Dip.App.Ling ………. Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum ……….

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, ARYANTI DWI ASTUTI DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Signed : Date :

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : ARYANTI DWI ASTUTI

TITLE OF THESIS : THE STRUGGLE OF ANNISA AGAINST PATRIARCHAL CULTURE IN NOVEL “PEREMPUAN BERKALUNG SORBAN” BY ABIDAH EL KHALIEQY

QUALIFICATION : S-1/ SARJANA SASTRA

DEPATMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPATMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDESRSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

Signed : Date :

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The first thing that I would like to say is Alhamdulillah. Because of Allah, I can finish this thesis. Nothing I can do except always be thankful for everything that happens in my life, including the blessing.

I would like to say thanks to the Dean of faculty of Cultural Studies, Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A., the Head of English Department, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S, and the secretary of English Department, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA, Ph.D. I would like to say thanks to my academic supervisor, Dr. Matius Cikepen Annalela Sembiring M.A and all of the lecturers of English Department who have given me precious knowledge for my future.

I would like to say big thanks to my supervisor, Dra. Redita Lubis, M.Hum, Dip.App.Ling, and my co-supervisor Dra. Diah Rahayu Pratama, M.Pd. Thank you for the valuable guidance and suggestions in doing this thesis.

My special gratitude for my lovely family, Ayah, Ibal, Ferry, Kakwi, bg tata, Shasa and Dinda and Rian for the love, support, motivation, and happiness that I always feel. Everything I do is for you. I ‘do’ love you. I also would like to say special thanks to my lovely aunt Teta Eva, a kind hearted women.

The last but not least, I would like to say huge thanks for my best friends ABHIL, Hafni, Lolla, Iis, Betri, Emil, Putri, Irene, and Liak. Thank you for standing by my side when times get hard. You are the ‘best’ best friends in the world.

Medan, Oktober 2014

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ABSTRACT

The title of this thesis is “THE STRUGGLE OF ANNISA AGAINTS PATRIARCHAL CULTURE BY ABIDAH EL KHALIEQY”. As seen in title, this thesis discusses about the struggle of the woman in patriarchal culture. This novel was published in 2001. The main character of this novel struggle her rights because she think that patriarchal culture seizes her right and freedom. The main character of this novel adopts the ideas of feminism.

The method which is used in this in this analysis is libarary research with documentary technique and descriptive method. The theories which are used in this analysis are the theory of feminism with the concept of patriarchal culture. Nevertheles, the writer also use other sources concerned with the problems which are discussed in this thesis.

The significance of this analysis is to describe the patriarchal system which are broken in order we can avoid the problem if it happens in our life.

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ABSTRAK

Judul skripsi ini adalah “THE STRUGGLE OF ANNISA AGAINTS PATRIARCHAL CULTURE IN NOVEL PEREMPUAN BERKALUNG SORBAN BY ABIDAH EL KHALIEQY. Sesuai dengan judulnya, skripsi ini membahas tentang perjuangan seorang perempuan dalam budaya patriarkal. Novel ini diterbitkan pada tahun 2001. Tokoh utama memperjuangkan hak-haknya disebabkan karena ia merasa budaya patriarkal merampas hak-haknya dan kebebasannya. Tokoh utama juga menganut ide ide feminisme.

Metode yang digunakan dalam analisa yang saya lakukan adalah penelitian pustaka dengan teknik dokumenter dan metode deskriptif. Teori yang digunakan dalam analisa skripsi ini adalah teori feminisme dengan pendekatan budaya patriarki. Meskipun demikian, saya juga merujuk pada sumber-sumber lain yang berhubungan dengan masalah yang dibahas dalam skripsi ini.

Tujuan dari analisis ini adalah menggambarkan bentuk perjuangan seorang perempuan didalam budaya patriarki sehingga kita dapat mengatasi hal tersebut apabila terjadi di kehidupan kita.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

ABSTRACT ABSTRAK

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study………...….. 1

1.2 Problems of the Study……..………... 5

1.3Objective of the Study………... 6

1.4Scope of the Study………..…… 6

1.5 Significance of the Study………..…. 6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1Sociology of Literature……….. 8

2.2Dynamic Structuralism……….….………. 9

2.3Feminism...……....………... 12

2.4Concept: Patriarchal... 13

CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH 3.1 Research Design……… 18

Scheme I……… 19

3.2 Data collection………... 20

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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1 An Analysis of the Stuggle of Annisa Againts Patriarchal Culture in Perempuan

Berkalung Sorban ... 21

4.1.1 The Childhood of Annisa...21

4.12 The Stuggle of Annisa in Rejecting Patriarchal System ………...24

4.1.2.1 Education...………...29

4.1.2.2 Force Marriage.... ... 29

4.2 Findings……….……...33

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion……… 34

5.2 Suggestion………. 35

REFERENCES……… 37 APPENDICES

i. Authors Biography and Works

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ABSTRACT

The significance of this analysis is to describe the patriarchal system which are broken in order we can avoid the problem if it happens in our life.

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ABSTRAK

Tujuan dari analisis ini adalah menggambarkan bentuk perjuangan seorang perempuan didalam budaya patriarki sehingga kita dapat mengatasi hal tersebut apabila terjadi di kehidupan kita.

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1

Background of the Study

Roberts and Jacobs also stated that literature helps us grow, both personally and intellectually. It provides an objective base for knowledge and understanding. It links us with the broader cultural, philosophic, and religious. It enables us to recognize human dreams and struggles in different places and time that we would never otherwise know. It can be said that literature not only can make the readers enjoy reading in comfort, but it can also enrich the readers’ knowledge. People can get much important news by reading literary works, they are amused by the aesthetic points which it contained. Literature can hypnotize the readers as if they felt the situation where a story was happening.

Literature refers to compositions that tell stories; dramatize situations, express emotions, and analyze and advocate ideas (Roberts and Jacobs, 1995:1). Through this statement, it can be stated that literature can make people develop language when they would like to tell stories in order to have aesthetic point. Hence, language and literature have close relationship. Language is a medium which makes literature exist. Literature also can be a medium to express anger, happiness, sadness, ambition, and even insinuate something in a soft trick. Literature has beautiful words, it can make the readers become more interested in discussing the topics which are reflected in literary works.

According to Wellek and Warren (1949: 25), among the arts, literature, specifically, seems also to claim "truth" through the view of life (Weltanschauung)

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which every artistically coherent work possesses. It is clear that there is truth which is going to be showed by a poet, dramatist, or novelist as the writer of literary works. Therefore, kinds of literature need to be analyzed in order to find the truth embedded in the literature itself.

Patriarchal culture is showed by the behavior of the main character’s. Main character is the one who frequently appeared in the story and has the most important part in it. Besides, the actions that she did are the theme of the story. In this novel, the main character is Annisa. She does things that are againts patriarchal culture, such as; she wants to continue higher school, she also doesn’t want to married by someone her didn’t love.

Patriarchy is the cause of oppression toward women. The society that believes in patriarchal system places men in dominant position and power than women. Men are considered having more power than women. In life, society views women as a weak one and have no power. The history of patriarchal society from the beginning formed human civilization which considered that men are stronger (superior) than women, whether in personal life, family, society or country. The patriarchal culture hereditarily forms the different behaviour, status and authority between men and women in society that finally it becomes gender hierarchy.

The struggle and efforts to achieve the goals of feminism can be done in various ways. One way is to try to get the rights and obligations equal to men. Therefore, then the term equal right's movement . The other way is to free women from the bonds of the domestic environment or the family and household, called the women's liberation movement is a movement of women's liberation. In the end, the

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woman can show images of women characters strong and support the values of feminism.

In this thesis that a woman has right to decide whatever she wants in her own life. Men may not underestimated others because they are physically strong than women. Even though a wife is only a housewife, her husband should appreciate it because actually being a housewife is not easy as people think.

Men are positioned higher than women in patriarchal system. There are some reasons why society makes injustice treatment toward women. It is because women are always described as weak creature and men are the strong one. Nowadays, there is a movement to support women activities in order that they can not only work in domestic area, but also in public sector, which is called women emancipation. Women emancipation in Indonesia firstly founded by R.A Kartini, who fought for women’s right in education.

According to Goefel (1986: 837) in Sugihastuti (2000), feminism is a theory about the equality between men and women in politics, economic, and social; or organized activities. Based on the definition of feminism, it can be said that there must be the background why women talk about feminism now. The main reason that causes women struggle for equality is the personal experiences, living with men in society. It is reflected in the novel which is going to be analyzed.

In this thesis, the writer focuses on Perempuan Berkalung Sorban by Abidah El Khalieqy. She is a woman novelist in Indonesia who was born in Jombang, East Java. After graduating from Government Elementary School, will attend school in Pesantren Putri Modern PERSIS, Bangil indicate a desire to prove that women were not weak, and could also be strong to exceed men. Women do not have to live in the

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house. Women are also allowed the school to university. In this novel told the story of Annisa life as a woman who is strong, patient, intelligent and smarter than Annisa childhood to adulthood

The analysis of a literary work can be related with the social aspects in a society where the story was told. This kind of approach can be called as sociology of literature. Literature is also influenced by the culture or condition where the literary work was created. Ian Watt (1964: 300 – 313) in Damono (1973: 3 – 4) classified the interrelationship among the writer, literature and the society. The writer records something unusual which happens in society by making it through his creation or imagination and creating the literary works.

Conflict story begins when father Annisa Annisa match with a man who just knew and Annisa themselves do not like the man. Annisa always obey orders father not to attend school and married the man.

Patriarchy Indonesian dictionary meaning is a kinship system is very concerned father lineage. Putting women under patriarchal men or men who treat women as inferior. Strength is used directly or indirectly in civil life and households to restrict women. From this background, the novel is examined more deeply, to prove that women can not be considered weak and need also for independence.

Novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban contains fictional expression and consistency to unify the personality, intelligence, and confidence female characters in it. Process it not only reads from the social background of the characters Annisa, but also the emancipation of thought and the courage to resist domination and discrimination figures antagonist that is patriarchal. The depiction of the position and

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attitude of the female figures also reflect an effort to address and find solutions to the problems posed by gender and cultural social injustice around the figures are.

Because of the condition which makes women being pressured, the writer interested in doing further analysis about struggle women againts patriarchal culture, especially which is reflected in Perempuan Berkalung Sorban and the reasons why women always talk about patriarchal.

In addition, because of Perempuan Berkalung Sorban is an Indonesian novel, it definitely talks about the struggle of the main character againts patriarchal culture and the writer becomes more interested in analyzing it. This analysis will discuss about what women feel and ambition to reject the patriarchal system. Hence, the writer entitled her thesis “The Stuggle of Annisa Againts Patriarchal Culture in novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban by Abidah El-Khalieqy.

1.2 Problem of the Study

Problems that the writer would like to analyze are:

1. What are the isuue related patriarchal culture in Perempuan Berkalung Sorban by Abidah el khalieqy?

2. How are the struggle of Annisa to reject the patriarchal culture in Perempuan Berkalung Sorban by bidah El khalieqy?

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1.3 Objective of the Study

The objectives are arranged based on the problems of the study. The objectives lead to something that should be found out and solved. In lines with the problem above, this thesis tries to find out the answers of those questions, they are: 1. To describe the isuue related patriarchal culture in Perempuan Berkalung

Sorban

2. To explain the struggle of Annisa to reject the patriarchal culture in Perempuan Berkalung Sorban

1.4 Scope of the Study

To limit the field which is going to be analyzed in order to focus to the problem, the writer chooses to analyze how the main character, named Annisa, struggle to reject the patriarchal culture . In addition, this analysis would like to describe feminism ideology that supports the struggle of Annisa.

1.5 _{Significace of the Study}

The significances of this analysis are;

1. This analysis theoretically will be useful as the reference for the readers who want to enrich their knowledge and analyze life concerned with feminism.

2. This analysis will find out the kinds of struggle annisa to reject patriarchal culture.

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3. This analysis practically could be used as a reference for the readers who are interested in learning about feminism. They may make this analysis as their review of related literature.

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Sociology of Literature

Sociology is the objective study of human being in society. It tries to find out how a society goes on and how it could be still exist. Like sociology does, Literature also concerned with human being in society. In this case, sociology and literature share the same problem. The difference between sociology and literature: sociology analyzes a phenomenon objectively, while a novel, which includes in one kind of literary works show how human comprehend society and show their feelings.

Literature is related to some social problems which can help us in understanding its content. Sociology of literature refers to observation and it does not refer to the theory. It is appropriate to be considered if we would like to know how important the social problems concerned with literature. The factors are as follow: type and economic level of the society where the writer lived, class or social group which has connection directly or indirectly with the writer, the characteristic of the readers, the tradition of literature which has influenced the writer works, and the psychological condition of the writer. (Damono: 1979)

Wellek and Warren (1949: 89) stated, “Since every writer is a member of society, he can be studied as a social being. Though his biography is the main source, such a study can easily widen into one of the whole milieu from which he lived. It will be possible to accumulate information about the social provenience, the family background, the economic position of writers.” From the theories and explanation

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above, it can be concluded that literature discusses about the problem which was happened in society. The problems are regarded as uncommon things.

This theory can help the process of this analysis because it does not only discuss about the society in the novel, but also the society where the writer of this novel lived. The society of the writers can be an inspiration for the novelist in creating the novel and mixing it with her imagination and also her brilliant ideas. The novelist has done feminism movement by creating this novel which criticizes how men can dominate their wife’s right and why women have to receive everything which men want their wife to do. It means that men has been already broken women’s basic right, even though the women are their wife. This kind of problems can be taken as a data to make a novel, therefore it is clear that the story which is told in the novel was taken from the realities which are happening in the society.

2.2 Dynamic Structuralism

The first steps in carrying out a literary analysis is to identify the elements that are in the literary works. These are important because they are the raw data that are going to interpreted in the study. These elements consist of character, plot, setting, theme, background and so on. The theories that are going to be used to analyze this literary work will help peel as much detail as possible in order to gain new meaning and conclusions.

Etymologically speaking, structure came from word, structura (Latin), means form or building. Structuralism is an understanding of elements of the structure itself. Definitively, structuralism gives attention to the analysis of elements in literary works. The elements of prose are theme, conflict, setting, characters, plot, point of

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view, and style of language. According to Mukarovsky and Felik Vodicka, literary works are the process of communication, fact of semiotic, consists of sign, structure, and values. The analysis of literary works should focus on the work itself without attention to things outside of work called extrinsic. This can be done by way of close reading, which is reading in detail.

Structural Analysis aims to unpack and explain as carefully, as precisely, as much detail, and in-depth and entanglement all elements and aspects of literature that together produce a comprehensive meaning. Teeuw (1984:135) In dynamic structuralism, according Mukarovsky, the chain of relationship is between four factors: the creator, literature, readers, and reality. Manifested as a sign of literary works in its intrinsic structure, in conjunction with the reality, society, creators, and readers (Teeuw, 1984:190).

From the description above, before applying dynamic structuralism in studying Perempuan Berkalung Sorban, the researcher has to look at structural aspects that consist of plot, character, setting, theme, style, and point of view. From these aspects, the researcher will discuss about the phenomenon of female social construction and the main character’s struggles of Annisa againts patriarchal culture novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban by Abidah El khalieqy.

2.3 Feminism

Feminism consists of ideas and beliefs about what culture is like for women just because they are women, compared to what the world is like for men just because they are men. However, feminism is actually a transformation movement and not a movement to seek revenge towards the male. We can say that feminism is a

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process that aims to create a better relationship between both genders to improve and better the society (Nugroho, 2008:61). It is the women’s movement for political and social freedom that began in the nineteenth century; firstly gaining strength in the protest for the right to vote also known as the first wave of feminism. It was reborn in 1960’s and 1970’s in the women’s movement for sexual equality which is the second wave. From the 1990’s the movement has expanded into every discipline and activity in many parts of the world that is the third wave, Whitla (2010:287).

It is quite clear that throughout history men have oppressed women, as they have not had the same employment opportunities, educational opportunities, or even the right to vote. Indeed women have been treated like second-class citizens, and still are in many countries where the ideologies of feminism are not generally accepted. Dorothy Smith a linguistic feminist quotes that, “women have largely been excluded from the work of producing forms of thought and the images and symbols which thought is expressed and realized, and feminist would state unequivocally that has been no accident”. Feminism assumes that such treatment of gender inequality is actually a cultural factor and is possible to change.

Feminism looks and works towards activism in groups, to make personal and social change towards that more desirable culture. The changes achieved in activism can be different depending on the groups. The most is about having equal treatment of men and women, equal respects in any roles desired by men and women, fighting against unfairness, discrimination or oppression of women, respects to women of different races, classes, age group, experiences and so on.

Besides being a cultural movement, feminism is also one of the leading literary theories to the study of literary analysis that focuses on women's issues. Feminist literary criticism is expected to bring new perceptions and expectations in

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literary analysis. Feminist criticism focuses on reading as a woman. The term does not refer to a biological female but more to the approach and ideology. It is reading from women’s perspective at the same time putting their selves in the minds of the women, feeling their struggles and approaching a move from that point. Awareness of the role of gender and the social construction of culture is what a feminist strategy socialized in their struggle.

But a person’s view in literary works is still being differentiated, especially in describing women and men’s character in the literary work. Sometimes the description is not equal and it is still influenced by patriarchal view and gender discrimination. Feminist criticism might seem only to be concerned with demonstrating that literature is sexist in the portrayal of women, or with showing how texts reveal the injustices of a male society where women are regarded as inferior.... (Peck & Coyle, 1984: 152).

Feminist theory was blown up to deconstruct the opposition of men or women and the oppositions connected with it in the history of western culture. To understand literature properly, requires a broad knowledge of the social culture and history. Similar to those expressed by other literary critics that the analysis of literary works cannot be separated from the social and cultural context in which it was originally created.

In a general sense, feminism is an ideology that drives women to reject patriarchal culture that have marginalized, subordinated, and degraded the position of women in the political, economic, and social life. Feminism grew as a movement and an approach that tries to change the existing structure because it has been regarded to cause inequality towards the female gender (Nugroho, 2008:62).

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2.4 Concept

Patriarchal Culture

The biological difference between men and women is considered as the beginning of forming patriarchal culture. Society views the biological difference between both of them is inequal status. A woman who has no muscle is considered as the reason of how society places women in the weak position (inferior). Men are considered having a strong physic. However the physical power is not an important factor in men and women’s relationship. Modern civilization can replace the physical power, such as weaponry technic and knowledge. The deeper difference between men and women appears because society treats both differently.

According to Millet, the basic institution in forming patriarchal culture is family in which the patriarchal ideology is kept well in traditional or modern society. As the smallest unit of patriarchy, family gives big constribution in strengthening this ideology. Family supports every member of it to think and behave based on the patriarchal rules.

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Patriarchal ideology is introduced to every member of family, especially to the children. Girls or boys learn from their parents’ behaviour related to how the best attitude, character, hobby, status and values in society. The behaviour which is taught to the children is differentiated by how to behave as a man and a woman. Patriarchal ideology is is socilaized into three categories. Firstly, temperament, is a psychological component which includes the classification of someone’s personality based on the need and values of dominant group.

Patriarchal ideology is very difficult to be lost from society because society still keeps it. Streotype for women as domestic services make them weak because they do not get salary from their work to do housework. The domestic service is underestimated and become a responsibility for women. They do not need to get salary froom their work and they always depend their life to their husbands. Patriarchal ideology can not be broken because women are depended on their husband economically. The dependence occures in their whole life. Conventionally, men are the main source to get income in family, while women are only a housekeeper. Men work out of their home to earn money, while women work at home to do all the houseworks. Women are not allowed to earn money by themselves because men consider them as property when they were married.

Besides that, family with patriarchal system gives a chance to get higher education for girls than boys. Usually parents care more about their sons to get high education, while the daughters stay at home only. So, the daughters are difficult to get education. According to Millet this system makes a chance for women to get a job is lower than men, so women can not choose the capacity when they are married, although they get the equal education with men. It is because women have double

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husband at home. It causes gender inequality between men and women in many cases.

Women still experience sad fate because of discriminative action and inequal appreciation from a structure which is dominated by men in job world. In working, women still face many problems. Housework which is done by women is not considered as job, but it is only a subsidy and the kindness of women toward their household life, although the works spend much energy and time. Meanwhile, women’s job out of the household gets many problem, such as sexual insulting from the men, lower salary and position than men although they are in the same job.

In commercial society, the term “work” has connotation on a duty or position which is done by getting salary, so women who work from the morning till evening, even till the night, such as housework to keep their children and serve their husbands, are considered that the women have no job. Thus, if women work to make a food or cake, as to be sold in the shop, the women are considered to fill their spare time only or jobless.

The term “patriarchy” refers to a cultural system in which the life is managed by fatherly system. Patriarchy refers to the structure of the society based on fatherly line (father’s generation). It is a term that show certain characteristic of family or family group of human which is managed, led, and ordered by fathers or the oldest man. It means that generation system in patriarchy is based on the fatherly line. The name, wealth and power of a father is inherited to the sons (Ensiklopedia Indonesia 1984).

Now, the term is commonly used to show “the men’s power”, especially the power relation between men and women in which there is men’s dominance toward

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women in it . It is realized through any kinds of media and ways (Bhasin, 1996). This fatherly system becomes a common point of view, so automatically, women are not presented in this view.

If we see, patriarchal system has been natural from the origin. Because of that, the way toward women with consideration that women are weaker than men is a “given” poni of view.

Since philosophy was born in west countries, the natural view has been a general view. For example, Aristoteles said that women are incomplete men. Women are not able to brood their flood that they produce in their menstruation time to more perfect level to be sperm. Because of that, women can not produce sperm in the process of forming embryo–women can give her shell only, and then feed the embryo to grow. But seed of the embryo must come from the men. (Budiman,1981:8)

Women are considered weaker than men. This assumption is developed continuously and kept by almost all the famous philosophers along the history. In addition, Arif Budiman quoted Carol Gould’s words in his essay entitled “The Women Question : Philosophy of Liberation and the Liberation of Philosophy” that shared of how the philosophers’ views are toward women.

Kant said, “I said difficultly that women have ability to understand principles”, Schopenhauer, women “in any cases are under-developed, have no ability to think and reflex.... their position is among the adult men which means actually people and children.... at the end, women are created to develop their

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generations only”. Fichte, women “are dominated because it is their own wishes to be dominated.

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CHAPTER III

THE METHOD OF STUDY

In the analysis of the aspect of feminism in Perempuan Berkalung Sorban, the writer apply library research. The writer collect the data from related books and other literature that can be connected to the object of investigation. The writer also find suitable references from the internet in doing this analysis. The writer got the primary source from the novel (Perempuan Berkalung Sorban. 2009. Yogyakarta; Arti Bumi Antara), in this case through the patriarchal system, while my secondary source is from other books that related to Feminism.

3.1 Reseach Design

The very first procedure the writer collect the main sources of the data which is Perempuan Berkalung Sorban novel by Abidah El Khalieqy. The technique is used by gathering all the data from the library or from the internet and other supporting material relevant to the topic of this thesis as many as possible, and then the writer begin to read the data carefully, to take down notes and the writer compose it properly. In reading the novel the writer underline every data that show about patriarchal system to make me easier in collecting from the whole data. The whole data, the quotation will be put in my thesis later on and find out the relations with the study. The right data are divided into parts to suit the parts of the study. All of the data are read carefully line by line to find out the relation with study. The research design can be seen from the scheme below;

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Scheme 1: The Steps of Analyzing Data

Data Source:

Perempuan Berkalung Sorban

Researcher

Conclusion Data:

Characters and Quotation from the text of the novel

Data Selected- Interpreted-

Analysed Method:

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3.2 Data Collection

The second procedure is data selecting. After the writer read the novel many times and underline the data, then the writer select the data that show the patriarchal system. The whole data, the quotation will be put in my thesis later on and find out the relations with the study. The right data are divided into parts to suit the parts of the study. All of the data are read carefully line by line to find out the relation with study.

3.3 Data Analysis

For the last procedure is data analyzing. In composing this analysis, the writer have to combine the important data from many sources which have been collected and analyzed them well. The writer apply library research. Library research is a kind of research where researcher gains the data from related books and other literature, the writer analyze the selected data, describe clearly the analysis and then the writer can make a conclusion in the end of the analysis.

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CHAPTER IV

AN ANALYSIS AND FINDING OF THE STRUGGLE OF ANNISA

AGAINST PATRIARCHAL CULTURE IN NOVEL

“PEREMPUAN BERKALUNG SORBAN”

4.1 Analysis

4.1.1 The Childhood of Annisa

The different treatments which are experience by Annisa, the main character of Perempuan Berkalung Sorban made her rejecting the patriarchal system which is adopted by the society. The previlige treatment toward her brother in her family made her jealous. That is why she stated some statement and asked some questions toward people around her, the statement and the question are suppossed to be taboo things. Annisa was being marginalized, especially in education.

Based on the norm in our society, the patriarchal system is a system which must be obeyed by the whole member of society, whether they like it or not. The childhood of Annisa made her hating and rejecting the system. There are so many rules for women and there is almost no rules for men. For example her brothers can do whatever they want, and she cannot. She thinks that she has right to do what they want as men do.

Annisa thinks that the regulation are just made by the society as the social norms. It is not an absolute thing that could not be changed. However, she tries to follow the norms even though she does not agree with it Even though Annisa was a

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child, she has felt the weird things happened in her society, especially about the privileged treatment toward man which constructed by the society itself. As we know that the members of society consist of women and men. Unfortunately, most women do not realize and even receive the social construction.

The childhood of Anissa remains much memory. However, the memory reminds her to the unfair treatments which she had ever experienced. Annisa has an adventurous soul, but her family said that it is not good for a woman. According to the norms in her society, which are also adopted by her family stated that a woman should not be involved in things out of domestic area. For this reason, she thinks that her childhood is annoying because she cannot explore the capability in herself. It can be seen from the quotation below.

Meski sudah berlalu, jauh dibelakang, masa kanak itu banyak menyimpan cerita. Kadang mengasyikkan, tapi lebih banyak yang menyebalkan. (PBS: 17)

According to the quotation above, it can be seen that there is a word

menyebalkan (being annoyed). It is the prove that she has tried to follow things that she actually did not like to do. In additon, there are things that forbidden to be laerned by Annisa. According to her family, riding a horse is taboo thing for a woman. However, a woman should be given a freedom to explore her capability, even though it is out of domestic area. This is one of the example of patriarchal system which is adopted by our society. It can be seen from the qoutation below.

“Ow...ow..ow... jadi begitu. Apa ibu belum mengatakan padamu kalau naik kuda hanya pantas dipelajari oleh kakakmu Rizal, atau kakakmu Wildan. Kau tahu, mengapa ? Sebab kau ini anak perempuan, Nisa. Nggak pantas, anak perempuan kok naik kuda,

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In our society, women should do things in domestic area, like washing clothes, cooking, preparing breakfast, lunch, and dinner for the family. Willing or not, woman should do these things because it is the duties of a woman. From the fact above, we can see that there is no work hours for women. She has to work from she wakes up until she sleeps at night. This activity happens everyday. Annisa thinks that this activity is boring. For this reason, she always asks about it to the people around her. It can be seen from the quotation below.

“Yang aneh apanya, Buk ? Pak guru bilang kewajiban seorang perempuan itu banyak sekali, ada mencuci, memasak, menyetrika, mengepel, menyapu, menyuapi, menyusui, memandikan anaknya, dan banyak lagi. Tidak seperti laki-laki, Bu, kewajibannya Cuma satu, pergi ke kantor. Mudah dihafal kan? Mengapa dulu aku tidak jadi laki-laki saja, Bu? Aku ingin pergi ke kantor. Aku juga tidak suka memasak di dapur, bau minyak, bau bawang, bau terasi, dan asap mengepul. Aku ingin belajar naik kuda seperti Rizal. Bolehkan, Bu?” (PBS:26-27)

From the quotation above, it can be seen that the patriarchal system is socialized in formal education. The mindset of the children is constructed. This is the reason why many adult women receive its point of view. Annisa got confused why most women should do things that they actually do not like. However, they accept this point of view as a duty that they must do. The concept of feminism which is adopted by Annisa make her brave to complain about this injustice treatment

Aku merenung sejenak. Kalau aku tak bisa menemukan jawabannya, dia pasti akan mengejekku. Mencibirku sebagai anak perempuan yang bodoh.(PBS:18)

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From the quoatation obove is used by the author to describe the main character. Other figures assume women are weak creatures who deserve a dishonorable behavior. The quote also confirms the attitude of the main character, Annisa. Since childhood, through a tiff with his brother showed his attitude towards the treatment given to women. Since childhood Annisa already feel the difference in the treatment and she wants women to get equal treatment with men, especially the freedom to get their rights.

Namun, aku sendiri tak pernah tertarik untuk mengikutinya, kecuali hanya untuk menuruti keinginan bapak. Itulah sebabnya, aku sering bermain dan belajar bersama-sama teman sekampung, yang tidak terdaftar sebagai santri dipondok kami. Kalaupun bermain atau belajar di pondok, paling-paling hanya bertandang di kamar Mbak May.(PBS:54)

From the qouatation above tells Annisa figure condition that childhood has had different thoughts and ideas with the environment they live in as a child. She wants broader life and free from the wall boarding school he felt since childhood. Thought is what greatly affects the life of Annisa when she maturing adolescents and men, especially the freedom to get their rights.

4.1.2 The Stuggle of Annisa in Rejecting Patriarchal System 4.1.2.1 Education

Education is one of the points that is struggled by liberal feminist. By having higher education, women can explore their capability to achieve their ambition. It aims to make a fair treatment between men and women in the society. Education is a tool to improve their logical thought. Education can make women become self

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confidence in facing gender discrimination which has become a social construction in the society. It is reflected by Annisa, the main character of the novel. Annisa has modern thought that women should have high education like men have.

Annisa is an active woman and has a big curiousity. She always thinks and asks why women tends to do things which they do not like Annisa thinks that women should be given a freedom to do whatever they want. This kind of things are caused by the education of women. Women did not have right to access education as wide as men do. The education in our society looks like a pyramid the phenomenon which is still happening shows that the higher level of education, the smaller amount of women in it.

According to the society, women should only be at home, managing the hausehold. It can be seen from the qoutation below.

Memangnya mengapa kalau perempuan jadi pahlawan? Tidak boleh? Bukannya Tjuk Njak Dhien juga hebat. Aku juga ingin hebat seperti Ratu Balqis atau Hindun binti Athaba.(PBS:41)

From the quotation above, it can be seen that the position and the condition of women are behind men’s patriarchal system supposse that women need not to know more about things outside domestic bussiness. It can be proved from the quotation below.

Sampai lidahku tak pernah menikmati sarapan pagi, bahkan tak juga merasakan kebebasan ketika kedua tangan ini mesti kembali mencuci piring yang dipenuhi minyak bekas makanan Rizal, Wildan, dan bapak yang terus saja duduk di meja makan sambil ngobrol dan berdahak.(PBS:23)

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From the quotation above, it can be seen that Annisa is forced to do things which she tottaly do not like. She wants a free life where she can improve her intelegency capacity by having a high education as men have. Unfortunely, he must follow the willing of her father it can be seen from the quotation below.

Namun, aku sendiri tak pernah tertarik untuk mengikutinya, kecuali hanya untuk menuruti keinginan bapak. (PBS:54)

Actually, the patriarchal system is not only trusted by men, but also women. Most women believe and receive that they are in second class. However, Annisa has different point of view. That’s why she tries to struggle her right and freedom.

“Bagaimana jika kenyataanya ada seorang istri yang terbuka dan mengajak lebih dulu dan tidak suka bersikap menunggu.“Perempuan seperti itu biasanya tidak disukai laki-laki karena terlalu agresif. Nanti laki-laki bisa minder menghadapinya. Sebaiknya seorang istri adalah pemalu dan bersikap menunggu.”tetapi menunggu sampai kapan ? Pak Kiai?”(PBS:74)

Annisa always be the second priority and always try to understand this situation. However, she can no longer do that. She had been thinking and struggling to fight for her right and freedom. As the concept of feminism, she fought the best she can. Not only for herself, but also for women who are oppressed but they unable to express their wishes and try to accept the social norms that seize their freedom. While she was a child, she always treated unfairly by her parents. She even does not the opportunity to choose her future husband. She was engaged with a man who she did not even know. She thinks

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that her right is seized. Furthermore, the treatment of her husband makes her being suffered, including the words which are uttered and his bad treatment.

Cukup sudah menjadi kanak-kanak yang selalu dinomorduakan. Cukup sudah menjadi budak dimasa remajaku dan kini aku harus hadir sebagaimana aku yang kuinginkan.(PBS:158)

Patriarchal system gives flexibility to men to do whatever they want. Besides, it also violates social norms, like manners. While women who have become second class are required to follow the social norms that exist in the community although it limits women's movement. It can be proved by the quotation below.

Sepertinya sopan santun memang tidak berlaku untuk kalangan laki-laki. Hukum apapun tidak mampu menjamah kemerdekaan mereka, sebab mereka adalah manusia. Fitrahnya adalah merdeka. Berbeda dengan perempuan, tubuhnya saja mirip manusia, tetapi nafsunya mirip binatang. Dipenuhi anak setan. Untuk itulah sopan santun harus diperkenalkan padanya. Begitulah bapak pernah mengatakan. (PBS:49)

In this case, Anisa think that being a woman is a misfortune because of the injustice treatment that she always experience. Whereas, woman also have potential capability that deserves to be explored and empowered. However, the society neglects it and regards it to be not important. Because of this fact, she is forced to do things that she absolutely does not like.

Betapa malangnya menjadi seorang perempuan, jika sampai mati harus tidak boleh menolak semua yang bertentangan dengan hati nurani. (PBS:72)

Annisa has a good reason why he was eager to have a higher education. He wants to eliminate oppression and discrimination against women. This is

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not easy because in fact it is already rooted. For example, a father wanted a birthh a boy in his family. Boys are seen as the successor descendants and give pride for the family. It can be proved from the quotation below below.

Bukankah penindasan dan diskriminasi terhadap perempuan itu dimulai sejak mereka lahir? Bahkan boleh jadi sejak mereka belum lahir dan diperkirakan akan lahir.”(PBS:185)

Annisa also exchange opinions to his friend Mariam. She asked about the reasons why women become second-class. They discuss the reasons why it happened. The reason is that women are considered as being weak, are not independent, can not make decisions. And this is the formation of a community and the women were forced to follow and oppose it. The impact of this is that the majority of women being receptive and resigned. It can be seen from the quotation below.

‘Menurut Mbak Maryam, kira-kira factor apa yang menyebabkan seorang bapak tidak menyukai anak perempuannya?” aku penasaran. “menurutku, mungkin citra yang beredar dikalangan masyarakat luas bahwa perempuan itu makhluk nomor dua, banyak masalah dan menyulitkan, kurang produktif dan tidak mandiri. Lebih jauh banyak di kalangan masyarakat menganggap perempuan itu kurang akalnya, tidak mampu mengambil keputusan. Jadi dalam hal menikah misalnya, tidak perlu ia dilibatkan dalam mengambil keputusan, kecuali kalau sudah janda.(PBS:185)

In this case, asserted about the ways used Annisa for a variety of knowledge and experience with women that if the same fate with her. Discussion and light chatter conducted Annisa with another character in the novel aims to provide awareness of the importance of the position of women in society. Women should be aware of the position. Here then women have the

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necessity, obligation, and the same rights as men to learn and gain knowledge as they also have an equally important role. It can be proved from the quotation below.

“Cemburu pada yang positif itu baik, Lek. Tetapi sekarang yang lebih penting lagi adalah tidak menutup diri untuk masuknya ilmu. Bahwa hidup itu lapisan pengetahuan dan pengalaman. Dan waktu adalah belajar. Tak ada kata terlambat, dan penyesalan juga bukan jalan penyelesaian. Bukankah begitu, Lek?”(PBS: )

Annisa finally have an undergraduate and he wants to keep fighting for the freedom of his clans. He wants women also have the same opportunity, particularly in education and make choices in life. It is intended that women are no longer considered to be weak and obtain equality in many things in life. It can be proven in the quotion below.

Memerdekakan kaumku yang masih saja dianggap lemah. Agar mereka selalu hadir dan mengalir di tengah zaman ini. Membawa kemudi. Panji matahari.(PBS:241)

It was the thought of Annisa when she wanted to be a stewardess. It can be seen that society thinks that women are weak. Actually gender discrimination is not only done by men in the society, but also women who believe that it was true. They accept the thought without trying to prove that it is a false thought. They have already been influenced by the social construction.

4.1.2.2 Force Marriage

Patriarchal system not only makes women become a passive object and inferior, but also makes women learn to yield, weak, and helpless. Culture has

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made such a weak position of women, so women do not have the guts and courage to ask the concept of a culture that has not empower them. Here the figure of Annisa reject the patriarchal system. Society makes a strong social norm in which some of the social norms make women become disadvantage. This novel also illustrated that Annisa strongly rejects this patriarchal system. Annisa totally disagree with the thought of men who supposed their wife as their maid. According to Annisa, a wife is not a maid, but the companion of her husband. The wife is not a slave who can do anything which is ordered by the husband. Annisa issued such a statement because he felt his inner conflict with himself. Her husband treats her like a slave. It can be seen from the quotation below.

Tetapi tidak!Perempuan bukanlah pelayan bagi laki-laki.Bukan juga budak bagi kehidupan.Aku tidak mau menjadi budak. (PBS:77)

Her husband was surprised when she speaks loudly because for this time she always keeps quiet and follows what he wants to. There is a word that can be seen from the quotation above that symbolizes a very bad thing. It is budak (slave).

Imagine how a slave is treated. How bad the sufferings of Sri are. She even feels that her husband treats her like his slave when she does not want to follow his words. Now, Annisa no longer hides her feelings away. She has already been brave enough to fight for her happiness and freedom even though she breaks the social norms.

In addition, Annisa husband also always underestimated her because he thinks she only had low education. He considers that all the things that Annisa uttered do not need to be notified and listened because her education is much lower than Samsudin, her husband. Annisa which at that time had a low education is also

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influenced by the perception of the community who think that a girl does not need to have a higher education because she will only charge for the housekeeping needs. It shows the fault of our public perception. A woman, a career woman or a good housewife is required to have high education in order to provide a basic education for their children in the future, which will be a candidate and future leaders of this nation. It can be proved from the quotation below.

“Tetapi anak perempuan kan tidak perlu sekolah tinggi-tinggi. (PBS:81)

Because of the social norms, Annisa is forced to neglect her own happiness and freedom, she always has many inner conflicts with herself. She gets bored of her marriage now. She just wants to do the norms that have to be done by a wife. She cannot feel the happiness and she has to do her own duty. The description of her sufferings and the inner conflicts that she had experienced can be seen from the quotation below;

“hentikan kelakuanmu! Atau aku pergi dari rumah ini!”“waduh, waduh! Galak amat!” ia tertawa dan terus tertawa melecehkan.“kau pikir, karena kau suamiku, kau bisa seenaknya memperlakukan aku?”“apa yang kau katakan, Nisa? Aku hanya ingin main-main denganmu.”“main-main? Permainanmu sangat menyebalkan.”“ooo, yang mana lebih menyebalkan, permainannku atau nada bicaramu?”(PBS 85:86)

Samsudin constantly underestimate Annisa for her education. It shows the fault of the patriarchy concept which states that a woman must be below men in all aspects, including in education. Samsudin assumes that low education which Annisa had is a main reason for him to always underestimate Annisa for all aspects. That is why he always treat her badly and do anything to Annisa as he wants.

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Berkali-kali aku memperingatkannya tetapi aku hanya perempuan lulusan Sekolah Dasar, katanya. Tahu apa tentang hukum. Bukanlah dia seorang sarjana, putra seorang kiai ternama. Sama sekali tak perlu petuah, apalagi nasihat. (PBS:88)

After Annisa husband decided to polygamy, she decided to continue his studies that has been delayed because she was forced to marry by her parents. The curiosity of knowledge that she has, made her very excited to go to school and learn things in detail. He tried to move forward and not to be underestimated again by anyone. It can be seen from the quotation below.

Lengkaplah jam demi jam kulalui dalam keterpesonaan ilmu dan kehausan untuk mendalami segala sesuatu.(PBS:l61)

From the quotation above, it can be seen that Sri has broken the norms which demand her in order to follow the rules which have been made by her husband. It is not because of her deeds, but it is because the treatment of her husband that makes her suffering. She has tried hard to follow it, but she realized that she has lost her own happiness and freedom.

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4.2 FINDINGS

From the analysis of this thesis, it can be seen that there are some findings that answer the problem of the study. The first problem of the study is the struggle of Annisa againts patriarckhal culture. They are;

a. The main character is forced to marry someone whom she tottally do not love.

b. The injustice treatment which are experienced by the main character, especially in education, freedom and expressing her ideas.

c. Her husband treatments’ that always underestimates her in anything. He adopt the patriarchal system as the reason why he did that kind of thing

Besides, the ideas of patriarchal system that are reflected by the main character of Perempuan Berkalung Sorban.

a. The impact of patriarchal systems which are experienced by the main character make her opressed, especially in education, expressing the ideas, in which he postioned himself higher than his wife.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

Literature is a medium to express emotion. People can express their feeling based on things that they experienced. They even can criticize something through literature. From the background and the analysis of this thesis, it can be seen that it discusses about a woman who stated her emotion. It is reflected by the main character, Annisa It concerns with feminism ideology followed by her. She adopted feminism ideology because she thought that women have been marginalized in the patriarchal system. The society where she lives regard women as the second class.

Based on the research that has been done in the novel Perempuan Berkalung Sorban Abidah ElKhalieqy, it can be concluded, that women can fight for their rights and freedoms by improving the level of education. So women cannot be underestimated again by men. In addition, women have the right to himself. Without forgetting her nature, women have rights that should be made equitable between men and women.

In this novel, said Sorban be interpreted as a symbol of honor, dignity, and honor attached to a Muslim man. In Indonesia, the turban is always used by the scholars, pilgrimage, and religious teacher, to Annie, the main character in the story, trying to wrest meaning mendekontruksi and turban was worn around the neck for a woman, a housekeeper, female pilgrim to Mecca, and cleric. That basically, human

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beings are androgin, which has a masculine and feminine qualities. So, when Annie seized turban, he was not then use it as a symbol of the power of women over men.

The author emphasizes equality between men and women. That women are also entitled to an education, the opportunity to work, and even has her own. Author considers mngakar patriarchal culture is still strong in the cultural fabric of society. But the desire to be able to fulfill the rights of women without losing the author described the nature of a woman in birth. The author also conveys to the reader his enlightenment does not eliminate the things that come from God (natural).

The author illustrates his view of the concept of feminism through the characterization of each character, chiefly female main character, Annie is in the novel not only presents a picture of the condition of women under male domination, but also describes about the things that should sound a -it is supposed to be right like education, equality, and respect for their dignity as God's creatures.

5.2 Suggestion

Based on the conclusions described above, there is some suggestion that the authors were trying to convey to the reader include: analysis of the novel can be used as a lesson for women in particular to be more fighting for education and not simply accept the views of people who think women do not deserve to have education high, as men by reason of the nature of women who can do the job alone domestic area.

Through the writing of this thesis, the writer would like to suggest to the readers, especially women in order they can be brave enough to take the decisions for their life. The writer also suggests women to open their minds about the concept of feminism.

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Feminism does not suggest women in order to be a perfect woman, but it is about decision making. Women are free to decide everything which is good for their life. Women may not follow the feminine characteristics which are constructed by the society because they are free to be what they want to.

The writer also suggests the readers to read more about literary works. Through literary work, we can learn more about the world with many perspectives. It can enrich our knowledge and feel what others feel. To make it short, literary work can make us develop both personally and intellectually.

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El Khalieqy, Abidah. 2009. Perempuan Berkalung Sorban. Yogyakarta: Arti Bumi Intara.

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APPENDICES

i.

Author’s Biography and Works

Abidah El Khalieqy born in Jombang, East Java. After graduating from Government Elementary School, will attend school in Pesantren Putri Modern EXACTLY, Bangil. At boarding school he wrote poems and short stories under the name Idasmara Prameswari, Ida Arek Ronopati, or Bani Kadir Ida. Getting a diploma equation of Madrasah Aliyah Muhammadiyah Klaten, and became the champion poet Youth of Central Java (1984). Alumni Faculty of Syariah IAIN Sunan Kalijaga write a thesis - Physical commodities Value Perspective of Women in Islamic Law (1989). Ever active in Court Poetry Forum in Yogyakarta (1987-1988), International Women's Discussion Group (KDPI) Yogyakarta, 1988-1989. Being a participant in the meeting APWLD (Asia Pacific Forum on Women, Law And Development, 1988).

The works of poet and novelist who bertinggal in this cultural city, has been published in various local and national media, including The Jakarta Post, Journal Ulumul Quran, Horizon Magazine, Republika, Media Indonesia, Suara Merdeka, Sovereignty of the People, the Java Post, and others. As well as the books included here among the various literary anthologies, such as the Book of Indonesian Literature, Literature Force in 2000, Women Author Indonesia, ASEANO: An Anthology of Poems Shoustheast Asia, Indonesia Cyber Album (Australia), Rainbow Shawl (anthology of women poets Indonesia), The Whisperer, Document Gabriel, Song of Love and others, as well as in several literary anthologies Yogyakarta Arts Festival; Performances knife, Dew Tajjali and Threshold.

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Recite his works in Taman Ismail Marzuki (1994 and 2000). Representing Indonesia in ASEAN Writers Conferenc / Poetry Workshop in Manila, Philippines (1995). A companion in the Creative Writing Workshop masterâ (Majlis Southeast Asian Literature, 1997). Recited poems at the ASEAN Secretariat (1998), Conference of Islamic Women-Fasifik Se Asia and the Middle East (1999). Got a DIY Art Award from the Government (1998). Following SBSB Program (Poets Speak Students Inquire) at various high schools in big cities in Indonesia (2000-2005). Being Novel Writing Contest winners in the Jakarta Arts Council (2003). Nominated as one of the young leaders "Child Age Limit Break" Syir'ah Magazine (2004). Become speakers in the Malay Archipelago Laureate Meeting (2005). Dialogue on Literature, Religion and Women, together Camillia Gibs, at the Embassy of Canada (2007). Read his work in the International Literary Biennale (2007). His books have been published; My mother Blazing Sea (1987), Dancing on Top Scissors (2001), On the Throne (2002) Genijora (2004), Mahabbah Homesick (2007), and Nirzona (2008). As well as an anthology of short stories in draft form; Way To Heaven (2007) and The Heavens Gulf (2008).

ii.

Summary of the Novel

One novel was once attached to those lovers of cinema because it has been poured in the big screen. This novel can be considered an intelligent religious works to break the habits that make women into minor positions. The main character of this novel is named Annisa. He was born and grew up in the boarding school that holds firmly religious customs. But as the development, Annisa began to feel odd for her treatment. He felt his right marginalize when compared to other siblings. Annisa is

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not permitted to practice riding like his brother, he was not allowed to speak and express his opinion, he should be silent when at the dinner table, he can not wake up late and have to be diligent and many more different treatment received by Annisa from their own parents which is an honorable chaplain at the school.

Annisa has long expressed his protest but no one would listen. The only one that supports named Khudori. He is still a relative Annisa. But the seeds of love between them can not be hidden. However, the passage of time, Khudori eventually be separate from Annisa because he continued his studies in Cairo Egypt. Annisa lived alone in boarding schools. But their relationship continued through letters. After Annisa graduated from elementary school, she then paired with a boy named Shamsuddin respected chaplain. Annisa did not consent to the marriage but he could not refuse. In the end he was not happy with it because in addition to the wedding without love, Shamsuddin also not a fun person. He was rough and often torturous Annisa even when having sex though. Treatment was continued until a time came a woman who is pregnant and claimed the child in her belly Shamsuddin descent. Annisa then willingly polygami.

Annisa as the first wife of a good relationship with her husband's second wife. They even did not hesitate to share. However, the return to Indonesia Khudori make bold Annisa tells all atrocities against Shamsuddin. Finally, he chose to divorce. Her love and Khudori Annisa can not be hidden. It's just that both are hampered blessing. Finally, they decided to live each pending approval Annisa also prescribed period runs out. Annisa went to college in Jogjakarta while Khudori busy working. Long story short, Khudori finally proposed to Annisa and married with the consent of her family. They live a happy and blessed with a son named Mahbub. But

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one time at a party, the couple met with Shamsuddin who still hold a grudge. Until the end Khudori reportedly died as a result of an accident. Annisa believes her husband's death caused by Shamsuddin. But he did not have sufficient evidence. He ultimately chose to live with his sincere and.