Conceptual Framework LITERATURE REVIEW

E. Conceptual Framework

Based on the curricula in secondary school, the government had stipulated teaching of writing as the most important thing that should exist in the school. Moreover, teachers also have the obligation to teach students in writing different text types including descriptive text. To write a descriptive text, students have to present a vivid description about person, place, and thing. By presenting such vivid description using words the writers try to capture something into a written form so the readers can understand what actually the writers describe about. Most of students have to think harder to write a descriptive text due to their limitation of ideas and confusing to begin describe it. To help students describing something in a descriptive text as vivid as possible, the writer suggested clustering technique as a technique to write a descriptive text. Some experts claimed that clustering technique is a power mental tool to generate ideas, images, and feelings around a stimulus word that teachable and utilizable to students so they can explore their ideas and it makes them to begin writing. Clustering technique uses circles, boxes, lines or arrows, to relate between the ideas, therefore, such technique also makes students to think creatively. By applying clustering technique in descriptive writing teachers may stimulate the student’s ideas in the form of key words or phrases that can be used to write a descriptive text. Students write down a topic in a word or phrase on the paper and then they circle it, after that they find some related words or phrases as ideas as many as possible and use lines or arrows to connect among them. They could easily do it till they stop to find out the related ideas. Finally, they may start to use the various words into a sentence and then compose the whole paragraph as a descriptive text. In addition clustering technique contributes to activate the both left and right brain so that it is possible to make students think critically and write a descriptive text effectively. Based on the explanation above, the writer believed that clustering technique can be the one of effective techniques in teaching and learning process of writing skill especially to a descriptive writing. By applying clustering technique, teachers can help students to generate their various ideas and they will be easier to compose a descriptive text. Thus, clustering technique is expected can produce the clarity ideas and organization of descriptive writing, and may give positive effect to teaching and learning descriptive writing.

F. Research Hypotheses