Examples of writing to inform are newspaper articles, scientific, or business reports, instructions or procedures, and essays for school and university.
b. Writing to persuade
Persuative designed to argue a point and secure agreement, yet it is also informative.
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It includes advertisements, some newspapers and magazines articles, and some types of essay. This type of writing include your opinion, but as
part of a logical case backed up with evidence, rather than just as an expression of your feelings.
c. Writing to express
Some writing is primarily expressive, allowing the writer to reveal feelings and opinions, usually recalling experience. Expressive writing often takes the
form of personal essays, journal writing, diaries, poetry, fiction, or plays. Yet writing may also be expressive to a lesser extent in business letter, report, or
proposal, depending upon the rhetorical situation.
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d. Writing to entertain
Entertain does not necessarily make the readers laugh, but it at least engages their feelings in some way. Think what it‟s like to be a reader, you can be
entertained by something very serious, even sad, as well as by something funny. Writing to entertain
generally takes the form of so called „imaginative writing or „creative writing‟. Examples of imaginative writing are novels, stories, poems,
song lyrics, plays, and screenplays. Something imaginative writing disguises itself as a true story for added effect.
3. Kinds of Writing
There are three kinds of writing; those are free writing, controlled writing, and guided writing.
a. Free Writing
Free Writing is writing about a subject without restrictions, writing whatever comes into your head, without concern for grammar, spelling, or
32
Betty Matrix Distich, Reasoning and Writing Well, Ohio: McGrew-hill, Inc., 2003, pp. 4
—5.
33
Ibid., p. 5.
organization. Robinson argued that “In free writing, you first think in English and
then you write what you think.
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It is not prepared writing; it is not intended for a reader. It means that in free writing, you write on paper whatever comes to mind,
thoughts, and feelings without worrying about whether the ideas are good or
grammar is correct.
The technique of free writing is very simple. Students just pick up a pen and pieces of paper, Then, start to write something and do not stop writing for ten full
minutes. They do not develop their ideas or get stuck just repeat what they have just written.
b. Controlled Writing
Controlled writing is all the writing for which a great deal of the content and of form is suplied. In using this kinds of writing, the students are focused on
getting words down on paper and concentrated on one or two problems at time, they are spared from teaching the full range of complexity. Controlled writing
focused the students‟ attention on specific features of the written language. It is good method of reinforcing grammar, vocabulary and syntax in context.
c. Guided Writing
Guided of writing is an extension of controlled writing. It is less controlled than controlled writing. In using this kind of writing to teach writing, students are
given a first sentence, a last sentence, and outline to fill out series question to respond or information to include in their piece of writing. Students should be
able to discuss, make notes, share findings and plan strategies together before they begin to write. In guided writing the students will not make serious errors if they
follow the instruction which are given by their teachers.
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34
Lois Robinson, Guided Writing Free Writing A Text in Composition for English as a Second Language, New York: Harper Row, 1967, p. 23.
35
Robinson, op. cit., p. 2.
