medium of communication. It is a way of remembering and a way of thinking well. Writing is also a way of finding out what we know and we need to learn.
Writing is also a way of learning.
29
More specific explanation that writing can contribute to personal
development, Petty and Jensen have opinion about it:
Writing is the mental and physical act of forming letters and words. It is putting words into sentences and sentences into paragraph, spelling words
correctly, punctuating and capitalizing in customary ways, and observing conventions in written forms and more. Writing is a process of expressing
thoughts and feelings, of thinking, and of shaping experiences.
30
From the two definitions above, it can concluded that writing is a way or a process to express or to represent writer‟s knowledge into textual medium by
following the linguistic rules. It is a progressive activity that requires enough time to think about specific topics, to analyze, select, and to organize an experience
according to a certain purpose. This means that when you first write something down, you have already been thinking about what you are going to say.
2. Goal of Writing
There are many different kinds of writing, such as; novels, poems, short stories, scripts, letters, essays, reports, reviews, instructions. All of them are
writing. They all have the basic purpose of getting ideas from one mind into another. According to Penny Ur
“The purpose of writing, in principle, is the expression of ideas, the conveying of messages to the reader. So the ideas
themselves shoul d arguably be seen as the most important aspect of the writing.”
31
Below some purposes of writing: a.
Writing to inform
Inform tells the reader about something. These kinds of writing can also be entertaining in the sense that they‟re good read. But entertaining the reader isn‟t
their main purpose.
29
James C. Raymond, Writing is an Unnatural, New York: Harper and Row Publisher, 1980, p. 2.
30
Walter T. Petty and Julie M. Jensen, Developing Children’s Language, New York:
Allyn and Bacon Inc., 1918, p. 362.
31
Penny Ur, op. cit., p. 163.
Examples of writing to inform are newspaper articles, scientific, or business reports, instructions or procedures, and essays for school and university.
b. Writing to persuade
Persuative designed to argue a point and secure agreement, yet it is also informative.
32
It includes advertisements, some newspapers and magazines articles, and some types of essay. This type of writing include your opinion, but as
part of a logical case backed up with evidence, rather than just as an expression of your feelings.
c. Writing to express
Some writing is primarily expressive, allowing the writer to reveal feelings and opinions, usually recalling experience. Expressive writing often takes the
form of personal essays, journal writing, diaries, poetry, fiction, or plays. Yet writing may also be expressive to a lesser extent in business letter, report, or
proposal, depending upon the rhetorical situation.
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d. Writing to entertain
Entertain does not necessarily make the readers laugh, but it at least engages their feelings in some way. Think what it‟s like to be a reader, you can be
entertained by something very serious, even sad, as well as by something funny. Writing to entertain
generally takes the form of so called „imaginative writing or „creative writing‟. Examples of imaginative writing are novels, stories, poems,
song lyrics, plays, and screenplays. Something imaginative writing disguises itself as a true story for added effect.
3. Kinds of Writing
There are three kinds of writing; those are free writing, controlled writing, and guided writing.
a. Free Writing
Free Writing is writing about a subject without restrictions, writing whatever comes into your head, without concern for grammar, spelling, or
32
Betty Matrix Distich, Reasoning and Writing Well, Ohio: McGrew-hill, Inc., 2003, pp. 4
—5.
33
Ibid., p. 5.
