LIST OF FIGURES
NO TITLE
PAGE
2.1 GSM Network Architecture
6
2.2 Omni Site
7 2.3
Sector Site 7
2.4 Half-rate Channel
9 2.5
Hierarchical Cell Structure 11
2.6 a Monopole and b Tower Structures
11 2.7
Rooftop Structure 12
2.8 Radio Propagation in Free Space
13 2.9
Radio Wave Reflections 15
2.10 Diffraction of Radio Wave Propagation through Urban Area
17 2.11 Radio Wave Diffraction in Rural Area
19 2.12 Comparison of Traffic at Different Time
20 2.13 Channel Configuration
22 2.14 Erlang B Table for Example of Calculation
23 2.15 Erlang B Table
25 2.16 Relationships between Erlangs and Number of Channel
26 2.17
The Scope of Radio Network Planning 29
2.18 Block Diagram of a GSM mobile station
30 2.19
Mobile Phone with SIM card 30
2.20 Ericsson RBS 2106 BTS
31 2.21
Block Diagram of a BTS 31
2.22 Radio Network Planning Process
32 2.23
Antenna Polarizations 36
2.24 E-plane and b H-plane
37 2.25
3-D Graphs 37
2.26 Antenna Gain vs. Half-power Beamwidth
38 2.27
a Omni directional and b Directional Antenna 39
2.28 Signal Received by Omni Antenna
40 2.29
a Horizontal and b Vertical Omni directional Antenna Radiation Pattern
40 2.30
Sector Antenna 41
2.31 a Horizontal and
b Vertical Directional Antenna 90° Radiation Pattern 42
2.32 a Horizontal and
b Vertical Directional Antenna 65° Radiation Pattern 42
3.1 Process Flow of Developing a New Site
46 3.2
Traffic Monitoring Process 47
3.3 Analysis Using MapInfo
48 3.4
Rural Area 49
3.5 Urban and Suburban Areas
50 3.6
a VSAT and b Microwave Antenna 51
3.7 Global Positioning Systems GPS
53 3.8
Location of Proposed Site in MapInfo 54
3.9 Compass
55 3.10
Important Details of SIP 55
3.11 TEMS Provided by Ericsson
56 3.12
Setting Map Properties 57
3.13 Use “Select Cursor” To Select the Neighbors Sites
58 3.14
Selected Sites 59
3.15 To Calculate Pathloss
60 3.16
List of Sites Involved 60
3.17 Calculating Best Server for the New Site
61
3.18 Best Server Analysis Window
62 3.19
TCP Legends for Coverage Prediction 62
3.20 Coverage Area Predicted After the Installation of New Site
63 3.21
Remove BKTLAREK from Coverage Prediction 64
3.22 Coverage Prediction before the New Site is Commission
65 3.23
Selecting BKTLAREK Only 66
3.24 Stand Alone Coverage Prediction
67 3.25
BCCH and TCH 68
3.26 Editing Frequency in ARFCN Window
69 3.27
Frequencies Planning in TCP 70
3.28 Frequency Planning Results
70 3.29
Sector Antennas on Structure 72
3.30 BTS in Equipment Room
72 3.31
Feeder Cable 73
3.32 Microwave Antenna
74 3.33
Material Requirements for New Base Station 74
3.34 Actual Equipments Location in SDP
75 3.35
Equipments Installed 75
3.36 List of Equipment Installed
76 3.37
Sample of Antenna Test Result 76
3.38 Drive Test Equipments
77 3.39
GPS is connected to Satellite during Drive Test 78
3.40 Drive Test Result on Signal Level
78 3.41
Drive Test Result on Signal Quality 79
4.1 MapInfo of Area That Having a Problem
81 4.2
Google Earth View 82
4.3 Proposed Structure Locations
85 4.4
RAMO Structure 85
4.5 Coverage Area of Each Cell a 80°, b 240° and c 320°
86 4.6
Line of Sight LoS – UiTM Palapes
86 4.7
Coverage Plots of a Cell 1, b Cell 2 and c Cell 3 87
4.8 Coverage Plot a Before, b After and c Stand Alone
88 4.9
Actual Structure 90
4.10 Neighbor Sites
91
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
BTS -
Base Transceiver Station TCP
- TEMS Cell Planner
TI -
TEMS Investigation TRX
- Transceiver
TCH -
Traffic Channel SDCCH
- Stand Alone Dedicated Control Channel
GoS -
Grade of Service SDP
- Site Design Packages
GSM -
Global System for Mobile RF
- Radio Frequency
CCH -
Control Channel BCCH
- Broadcast Control Channel
MS -
Mobile Station Mobile Subscriber GMSK
- Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
SIM -
Subscriber Identity Module BSC
- Base Station Controller
MSC -
Mobile Switching Network TC
- Transcoder
TCSM -
Transcoder and Submultiplexer BSS
- Base Subsystem
NSS -
Network Switching Subsystem NMS
- Network Management Subsystem
LoS -
Line of Sight
CDD -
Cell Design Data QoS
- Quality of Service
EIRP -
Effective Isotropic Radiated Power PLMN
- Public Land Mobile Network
HPBW -
Half-power Beamwidth MAP
- Mobile Access Planning
MAI -
Mobile Access Implementation TXP
- Transmission Planning
CME -
Civil, Mechanical and Electrical SIP
- Site Identification Package
SIF -
Site Identification Form BoQ
- Bill of Quantity
LoA -
Letter of Award MAO
- Mobile Access Optimization
VSAT -
Very Small Aperture Terminal MCMC
- Malaysia Communications and Multimedia Commission
GPS -
Global Positioning Systems ARFCN
- Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number
VSWR -
Voltage Stand Wave Ratio
LIST OF APPENDICES
NO TITLE
PAGE
A Erlang B Table
98 B
Frequency Spectrum for Service Provider 100
C Frequency Spectrum for Celcom M Bhd
101 D
Location Map Case Study 102
E Data Sheet for X-Pole A Panel Dual Band 900UMTS Antenna
103
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 will give a brief idea on the project. This chapter consists of project overview, objectives, problem statement, project scope, and methodology and thesis
organization.
1.1 Project Overview