GSM Network Architecture Omni Site

LIST OF FIGURES NO TITLE PAGE

2.1 GSM Network Architecture

6

2.2 Omni Site

7 2.3 Sector Site 7 2.4 Half-rate Channel 9 2.5 Hierarchical Cell Structure 11 2.6 a Monopole and b Tower Structures 11 2.7 Rooftop Structure 12 2.8 Radio Propagation in Free Space 13 2.9 Radio Wave Reflections 15 2.10 Diffraction of Radio Wave Propagation through Urban Area 17 2.11 Radio Wave Diffraction in Rural Area 19 2.12 Comparison of Traffic at Different Time 20 2.13 Channel Configuration 22 2.14 Erlang B Table for Example of Calculation 23 2.15 Erlang B Table 25 2.16 Relationships between Erlangs and Number of Channel 26 2.17 The Scope of Radio Network Planning 29 2.18 Block Diagram of a GSM mobile station 30 2.19 Mobile Phone with SIM card 30 2.20 Ericsson RBS 2106 BTS 31 2.21 Block Diagram of a BTS 31 2.22 Radio Network Planning Process 32 2.23 Antenna Polarizations 36 2.24 E-plane and b H-plane 37 2.25 3-D Graphs 37 2.26 Antenna Gain vs. Half-power Beamwidth 38 2.27 a Omni directional and b Directional Antenna 39 2.28 Signal Received by Omni Antenna 40 2.29 a Horizontal and b Vertical Omni directional Antenna Radiation Pattern 40 2.30 Sector Antenna 41 2.31 a Horizontal and b Vertical Directional Antenna 90° Radiation Pattern 42 2.32 a Horizontal and b Vertical Directional Antenna 65° Radiation Pattern 42 3.1 Process Flow of Developing a New Site 46 3.2 Traffic Monitoring Process 47 3.3 Analysis Using MapInfo 48 3.4 Rural Area 49 3.5 Urban and Suburban Areas 50 3.6 a VSAT and b Microwave Antenna 51 3.7 Global Positioning Systems GPS 53 3.8 Location of Proposed Site in MapInfo 54 3.9 Compass 55 3.10 Important Details of SIP 55 3.11 TEMS Provided by Ericsson 56 3.12 Setting Map Properties 57 3.13 Use “Select Cursor” To Select the Neighbors Sites 58 3.14 Selected Sites 59 3.15 To Calculate Pathloss 60 3.16 List of Sites Involved 60 3.17 Calculating Best Server for the New Site 61 3.18 Best Server Analysis Window 62 3.19 TCP Legends for Coverage Prediction 62 3.20 Coverage Area Predicted After the Installation of New Site 63 3.21 Remove BKTLAREK from Coverage Prediction 64 3.22 Coverage Prediction before the New Site is Commission 65 3.23 Selecting BKTLAREK Only 66 3.24 Stand Alone Coverage Prediction 67 3.25 BCCH and TCH 68 3.26 Editing Frequency in ARFCN Window 69 3.27 Frequencies Planning in TCP 70 3.28 Frequency Planning Results 70 3.29 Sector Antennas on Structure 72 3.30 BTS in Equipment Room 72 3.31 Feeder Cable 73 3.32 Microwave Antenna 74 3.33 Material Requirements for New Base Station 74 3.34 Actual Equipments Location in SDP 75 3.35 Equipments Installed 75 3.36 List of Equipment Installed 76 3.37 Sample of Antenna Test Result 76 3.38 Drive Test Equipments 77 3.39 GPS is connected to Satellite during Drive Test 78 3.40 Drive Test Result on Signal Level 78 3.41 Drive Test Result on Signal Quality 79 4.1 MapInfo of Area That Having a Problem 81 4.2 Google Earth View 82 4.3 Proposed Structure Locations 85 4.4 RAMO Structure 85 4.5 Coverage Area of Each Cell a 80°, b 240° and c 320° 86 4.6 Line of Sight LoS – UiTM Palapes 86 4.7 Coverage Plots of a Cell 1, b Cell 2 and c Cell 3 87 4.8 Coverage Plot a Before, b After and c Stand Alone 88 4.9 Actual Structure 90 4.10 Neighbor Sites 91 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BTS - Base Transceiver Station TCP - TEMS Cell Planner TI - TEMS Investigation TRX - Transceiver TCH - Traffic Channel SDCCH - Stand Alone Dedicated Control Channel GoS - Grade of Service SDP - Site Design Packages GSM - Global System for Mobile RF - Radio Frequency CCH - Control Channel BCCH - Broadcast Control Channel MS - Mobile Station Mobile Subscriber GMSK - Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying SIM - Subscriber Identity Module BSC - Base Station Controller MSC - Mobile Switching Network TC - Transcoder TCSM - Transcoder and Submultiplexer BSS - Base Subsystem NSS - Network Switching Subsystem NMS - Network Management Subsystem LoS - Line of Sight CDD - Cell Design Data QoS - Quality of Service EIRP - Effective Isotropic Radiated Power PLMN - Public Land Mobile Network HPBW - Half-power Beamwidth MAP - Mobile Access Planning MAI - Mobile Access Implementation TXP - Transmission Planning CME - Civil, Mechanical and Electrical SIP - Site Identification Package SIF - Site Identification Form BoQ - Bill of Quantity LoA - Letter of Award MAO - Mobile Access Optimization VSAT - Very Small Aperture Terminal MCMC - Malaysia Communications and Multimedia Commission GPS - Global Positioning Systems ARFCN - Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number VSWR - Voltage Stand Wave Ratio LIST OF APPENDICES NO TITLE PAGE A Erlang B Table 98 B Frequency Spectrum for Service Provider 100 C Frequency Spectrum for Celcom M Bhd 101 D Location Map Case Study 102 E Data Sheet for X-Pole A Panel Dual Band 900UMTS Antenna 103 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 will give a brief idea on the project. This chapter consists of project overview, objectives, problem statement, project scope, and methodology and thesis organization.

1.1 Project Overview