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clause and even sentence in the same utterance. The components of language between two languages involved do not influence its structure.
Code-mixing is well-known traits in the speech pattern of the average bilingual in any human society. Code-mixing occurs in bilingual communication
by using more than one language. In sociolinguistics study, code-mixing is often discussed inseparably although this is hard to differentiate.
Code-mixing is mixing two languages where there is main code used in its function but contrastive condition with another one involved which is only as
pieces in the utterance of code mixing.
2.4 The Factors of Code-mixing Usage
Beardsmore 1982: 38 agrees that there are some factors that cause people do code-mixing:
1 Bilingualism
It can not be avoided that the ability to use or to speak more than one language is a basic factor of code-
mixing. Most of the world‟s population is bilingual or multilingual.
2 Speaker and Partner Speaking
Communication is the process of expressing ideas between two participants of conversation. Speaker needs partner speaking to communicate and
code-mixing could appear if both use and understand it well. 3
Social Community An individual lives and cooperates in one community either in
monolingual or bilingual community. Now most communities are bilingual that
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use two languages in their interactions. In this case, an individual will be influenced by social community directly.
4 Situation
Usually code-mixing occurs in relax or informal situation. This situation is closer with daily conversation and for writers is also described as their habitual
communication. 5
Vocabulary There is not appropriate word or when there is a lack of vocabulary in one
language. The inability to find an appropriate word or expression in one language makes people change the word or phrase from one to another language and it can
be combined together. 6
Prestige Globalization era has led people must be able to speak more than one
language, especially English language. For many young people, code-mixing becomes own style which is hoped to be modern and educational one. They mix
language because of prestige. Besides that, there are some loanwords which mean word
borrowed from a donor language and incorporated into a recipient language directly, without translation. It can be distinguished from a calque, or loan
translation, where a meaning or idiom from another language is translated into existing words or roots of the host language. There are some examples of
loanword from English language into Malay language, such as: apple = epal, August = Ogos, billion = bilion, bus = bas, cake = kek, innigration = imigresen,
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message = mesej, orange = oren, police =polis, station = stesen, taxi = teksi, telephone = telefon, television = televisyen, truck = trak, university = universiti.
Because of some loanwords have the similarity with the words of Malay language, so that has been a habit of Malaysian people to use code-mixing in
conversation.
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2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
