That river is terribly polluted.

________. Any truck that finishes its assigned route before the end of the work- ers’ shift will return to the sanitation lot, where supervisors will provide materials for workers to use in cleaning off the graf- fiti. Because the length of time it takes to complete different routes varies, trucks will no longer be assigned to a specific route but will be rotated among the routes. Therefore, workers should no longer leave personal items in the trucks, as they will not necessarily be using the same truck each day as they did in the past.

307. a. Graffiti on city trucks is unsightly and gives

city residents a poor impression of the Sanitation Department.

b. The Sanitation Department greatly

appreciates city workers’ extra efforts in cleaning graffiti off the city trucks.

c. Beginning next month, the Sanitation

Department will institute a program intended to remove the graffiti from sanitation trucks.

d. City workers should keep a sharp lookout

for persons spray-painting graffiti on Sanitation Department trucks. ________. One type of tickler system is the index-card file with 12 large dividers, one for each month, and 31 small dividers, one for each day. Whenever secretaries need to schedule a reminder, they jot it down on a card and place it behind the appropriate divider. Each morning, they review the reminders for that particular day.

308. a. As busy secretaries, we cannot expect to

remember all the details of our daily responsibilities without some help.

b. At the beginning of the day, good secretaries

review and organize the tasks they must attend to during that day.

c. The word “tickler” perfectly describes the

organizational system to which it refers.

d. All secretaries need a good reminder system,

sometimes known as a “tickler” system because it tickles the memory. ________. Space shuttle astronauts, because they spend only about a week in space, undergo minimal wasting of bone and muscle. But when longer stays in microgravity or zero gravity are contem- plated, as in the proposed space station or a two-year roundtrip voyage to Mars, these problems are of particular concern because they could become acute. Fortunately, stud- ies show that muscle atrophy can be kept largely at bay with appropriate exercise. Unfortunately, bone loss caused by reduced gravity cannot.

309. a. Space flight, especially if it is prolonged, can

be hazardous to the health of the astronauts.

b. The tissues of human beings are ill-

prepared for the stresses placed upon them by space flight.

c. In space flight, astronauts must deal with

two vexing physiological foes—muscle atrophy and bone loss.

d. Travel on the space shuttle does less damage

to an astronaut’s bones and muscles than an extended stay on a space station. – PA R A G R A P H D E V E L O P M E N T – 5 4