The number of sequence diagrams to be drawn is as much defining a use case that has its own process or that all important use
case which has been defined interaction message has been covered in the course
sequence diagrams so that more and more use cases are defined then sequence diagram that should be made is also growing.
5. Activity Diagram
Activity diagram or activity diagram illustrates the workflow flow work or the activity of a system or business process. Noteworthy here is that the
activity diagram illustrates the activity of the system is not what done actors, so activities can be carried out by the system.
6. Component Diagram
Diagram components or component diagram is made to show organization and dependencies among a collection of components in a
system. Component diagrams focus on the required system components and exist in the system.
7. Deployment Diagram
Deployment diagrams or deployment diagram shows component configuration in
the process of execution. Deployment diagram can also be used to model it - the following:
7.1 Additional system describes the design devices, nodes and
hardware. 7.2
Client server system 7.3 Pure distributed systems
7.4 Re-engineering applications
3.2.4 Testing Software
Black-Box Testing focused on the functional requirements of the device software. Thus, the black-box testing allows system software engineers to get a
set of input conditions are fully use all the functional requirements for the program. Black-box testing trying to find fault in category as follows:
3.2.4.1. Function - a function that is incorrect or missing 3.2.4.2 Errors interface
3.2.4.3 Errors in data structures or external database access 3.2.4.4 Error performance and fault termination
3.3 Analysis of Existing on line E-auction syste m Before starting with the project, we have considered some already existing on line auction
systems and their functionality. Then we have decided what kind of system architecture and software technology to use.
The first part of the project is an investigation of already existing on-line auction systems around the net. We considered three of the most famous auction web sites: eBay.com,
asteinrete.com and onsale.com. The table below describes the functionality offered to the users by this three big auction
systems:
Existing auction site s with functionalities
User stories Ebay.com Asteinrete.
com Onsale.
com Homepage
x x
x Registration
x x
x Login
x x
x Personal page
x x
x Search
x x
x Excluding a word x
In a given category
x x
x In a given city
x Having a price
from Euro to Euro x
x Browse
x x
x Item page
x x
x Bid
x x
x Post an auction
x x
x Help
x x
x Change Language
Chat x
Administration ?
? ?
Table 1: Existing functionalities of three studied E-auction system.
As shown in the table, all the three systems give the possibility to register, to login to the website and have a home page with a general description of the portal. They offer also a
personal page, where each user can check the status of their auctions or of their offers. Another characteristic of this portals is to have an item page, a page that describes each item on auction
with a textual description, a photo etc.. The search functionality is also very important: in addiction to a normal keyword search, eBay offers also the possibility to search excluding a
given word, search in a given category, and search for auctions regarding a given city and to
make price range from € to € search. All the three systems give also the possibility to place
a bid, to post an auction and have also some help pages that explains the aims of the portals and the functionality. None of the portals has the possibility to change language onsale.com
is in English, asteinrete.com is in Italian while eBay.com is in English but there is also the Italian version at eBay.it and only eBay.com has a chat room for the users.
3.3.1
Existing Types of E-auction Based on E-commerce we have studied and categorized the existing types of Auctioning given
below as summary.
Auction Types
Figure 3: Type and description of Auctioning systems. Sources:
http:www.ecommerce-digest.comauctions.html As for the undergraduate thesis project to create and online E-auction information system for
electronic commerce we will be mainly using the English and some forms of Dutch auctioning system whereby necessary.
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CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Introduction
This chapter consists of review of literature related with influence of online marketing on consumers and also deals with business perspective. Then it reviews
the current issues in online marketing and factors affecting adoption of online marketing. Further it provides a critique review of miscellaneous studies related
with online marketing. This is followed by highlighting the research gaps and contribution of the present study.
2.2 Influence of online marketing on consumers 2.2.1 Major Characteristics of Online Consumers
–
The typical Internet user of the twentieth century is young, professional, and affluent with higher levels of income and higher education Palumbo and
Herbig, 1998. They value time more than money which automatically makes the working population and dual-income or single-parent households with time
constraints better candidates to be targeted by non-store retailers Burke, 1997. Actually, both demographics and personality variables such as opinion leadership
or risk evasiveness are very important factors that are considered in studies trying to determine the antecedents of Internet purchases Kwak et al., 2002.
Confirmatory work shows that income and purchasing power have consistently been found to affect consumers’ propensity to shift from brick-and-mortar to
virtual shops Co-mor, 2000.
Internet usage history and intensity also affect online shopping potential. Consumers with longer histories of Internet usage, educated and equipped with
better skills and perceptions of the Web environment have significantly higher intensities of online shopping experiences and are better candidates to be captured
in the well-known concept of flow in the cyber world Sisk, 2000; Hoffman and Novak, 1996; Liao and Cheung, 2001. Those consumers using the Internet for a
14
longer time from various locations and for a higher variety of ser-vices are considered to be more active users Emmanouilides and Hammond, 2000.
As Bellman et al. 1999 mention, demographics are not so important in determining online purchasing potential. Whether the consumer has a wired
lifestyle and the time constraints the person has are much more influential. Risk taking propensity is also a powerful factor. E-shoppers have higher risk taking
tendencies. Consumers with high levels of privacy and security concerns have lower purchasing rates in online markets but they balance this characteristic with
their quest for making use of the information advantage of the environment Kwak et al., 2002; Miyazaki and Fernandez, 2001. These educated individuals, as more
confident decision makers, are much more demanding and have greater control over the purchasing process from initiation to completion Rao et al., 1998.
2.2.2 Online Shopping Behavior -
Identifying pre-purchase intentions of consumers is the key to understand why they ultimately do or do not shop from
the Web market. One stream of research under online consumer behavior consists of studies that handle the variables influencing these intentions. A compilation of
some of the determinants researchers have examined are: transaction security, vendor quality, price considerations, information and service quality, system
quality, privacy and security risks, trust, shopping enjoyment, valence of online shopping experience, and perceived product quality. Liao and Cheung, 2001;
Saeed et al., 2003; Miyazaki and Fernandez, 2001; Chen and Dubinsky, 2003. The lists of factors having a positive or negative impact on consumers’ propensity
to shop do not seem to be very different from the considerations encountered in offline environments. However, the sensitivities individuals display for each
variable might be very different in online marketplaces. Factors like price sensitivity, importance attributed to brands or the choice sets considered in online
and offline environments can be significantly different from each other Andrews and Currim, 2004. Uncertainties about products and shopping processes,
trustworthiness of the online seller, or the convenience and economic utility they wish to derive from electronic shopping determine the costs versus the benefits of
this environment for consumers Teo et al., 2004. Further studies aiming to
