FIRST LANGUAGE PHONOLOGICAL ACQUISITION OF TWO YEARS OLD INDONESIAN BOYS OF DIFFERENT MOTHER’S EDUCATION LEVEL.

FIRST LANGUAGE PHONOLOGICAL ACQUISITION OF TWO YEARS
OLD INDONESIAN BOYS OF DIFFERENT MOTHER’S EDUCATION
LEVEL
A Thesis

Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in Partial Fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Magister Humaniora

By:

INTAN RIZQI

Registration Number: 8136112030

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2016

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This thesis has been written in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
degree of Magister Humaniora in English Applied Linguistics of Postgraduate
School in the State University of Medan (UNIMED). Alhamdulillah, the writer is
deeply grateful to ALLAH SWT for his blessings, so this thesis could be finished.
It is a great for the writer to pleasure her deepest thanks and gratitudes to
her first adviser Prof. Dr. Sumarsih, M.Pd professor of English applied linguistics
study program, for suggesting the points of this manuscript, supervising of the
work and for the invaluable guidance at the longtime and tremendous effort to
offer every possible help to finish this thesis. And the writer is genuinely
appreciative of Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed as the second adviser as well as the
head of LTBI (Linguistics Terapan Bahasa Inggris) for helpful discussions and
lecturer of English applied linguistics study program, for his encouragements and
kind care to writer for finishing this thesis. And her thanks to her reviewers Prof.
Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd Dr. Zainuddin, M.Hum and Dr. I Wy Dirgeyasa,
M.Hum for their suggestions, encouragements and critisms to help the writer in
finishing this thesis to be better one on manuscripts during the thesis proposal
seminar and the research result seminar.
She owes a deep sense of gratitude to all lecturers for their knowledge and
encouragements throughout the academic study period. And she thanks peofusely
to Mr. Farid and all the staffs of magister program administration for their kind

help and co-operation.
Then, the writer dedicates this thesis to her mother Syarifah Fauziah as a
strong and gentle soul who taught her to trust in ALLAH SWT, believe in hard
work and pray earnestly. And to her father Sujarwo for his encouragement,
continous care and patience. Futher, the writer thanks to her dearest younger sister
Saqinah and younger brother dr. Muhammad Ihsan for their loves, suggests and
cares all the times. And she thanks to all her great buddy Ns. Dara Mutia, S.Kep,
her classmates Sumarni M.Hum, Jamil Reza Naibaho M.Hum and all friends who
cannot be written for their helps constructive critism and supports to complete and
improve this thesis manuscript.

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Finally, she realizes that this thesis is not yet perfect format. Therefore, the
constructive critism from readers aimed to improve this thesis will be highly
appreciated. So, it can give significant contributions to study about the first
language phonological acquisition.

Medan, 5th August, 2016
The Writer

Intan Rizqi
Reg. No. 8136112030

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ABSTRACT
Rizqi, Intan. Registration Number: 8136112030. First Language Phonological
Acquisition of Two Years Old Indonesian Boys of Different Mother’s
Education Level. Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program
Postgraduate School State University of Medan. 2016
This thesis qualitative research deals with First Language Phonological
Acquisition of Two Years Old Indonesian Boys of Different Mother’s Education
Level. The objectives of this thesis were to: (1) to find out types of first language
vowels and consonants are acquired by two years old Indonesian boys of educated
and uneducated mother (2) to determine which of the boys can produce phonemes
more appropriately (3) to describe each of the mothers stimulate their children to
acquire the phonemes. The data were obtained from was two boys age 2 years old
stayed in Desa Birem Puntong from different educational background as an
uneducated and educated degree. The result of this research showed that (1) the

two years old Indonesian boy of educated mother could produced all vowels [i:],
[i], [e], [ɛ], [a], [ǝ], [ɔ], [o], [u] and [u:] and consonant phonemes [b:], [c:], [d:],
[f:], [g:], [h:], [j:], [k:], [l:], [m:], [n:], [p:],[q:], [r:], [s:], [t:], [v:], [w:], [x:] [y:],
[z:] [ŋ:], [ñ:], [ʃ:]. And two years old Indonesian boy of uneducated mother could
produced all vowels too but for consonant phonemes, he has mistakes in uttering
[q:], [r:], [x:], [z:] and [ʃ:] (2) the two years old Indonesian boy of educated and
uneductaed mothers could produced all vowel phonemes appropriately but in
uttering consonant phonemes the two years old Indonesian boy of educated
mother could produced consonant phonemes more appropriate than boy of
uneducated mother (3) in stimulating phonem in a word, the educated mother does
the boy through various ways such as such as chatting, teaching a word by a
bilingual book, showing the name of the things when they got in travelling,
singing a song. And she could give and shout the good example to her boy
because of herself conception, eventhough educated mother has limited time. The
uneducated mother stimulated her child by chatting continuously without knowing
true or false word and sometimes she could not give the good example to her boy,
eventhough she has more time. So, good quality is much than quantity.
Furthermore in this reseach, that was a fact that the boy of uneducated mother
used his first language by using two languages simultaneously at the same time.
Key words: Acquisition, Phonological Development, Social Status, Mother’s

Education Level (SES)

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ABSTRAK
Rizqi, Intan. NIM: 8136112030. Pemerolehan Phonology Bahasa Pertama
oleh Anak Laki-laki Indonesia Berdasarkan Perbedaan Tingkat Pendidikan
Ibu. Tesis. Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Program Studi Pascasarjana.
Universitas Negeri Medan. 2016.
Tesis ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif qualitatif yang berkaitan dengan
Pemerolehan Phonology Bahasa Pertama oleh Anak Laki-laki Indonesia
Berdasarkan Perbedaan Tingkat Pendidikan Ibu. Tujuan dari tesis ini adalah: (1)
untuk menemukan tipe – tipe vokal dan konsonan bahasa pertama yang diperoleh
oleh anak laki- laki Indonesia umur dua tahun pada ibu yang berpendidikan dan
tidak berpendidikan (2) untuk menemukan anak laki – laki Indonesia yang mana
yang dapat memproduksi fonem lebih tepat (3) untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana
ibu untuk merangsang anak mereka untuk memperoleh fonem. Data diperoleh dari
dua anak laki-laki umur 2 tahun yang bertempat tinggal di desa Birem Puntong
dari perbedaan latar belakang tingkat pendidikan ibu yang berbeda yaitu
berpendidikan dan tidak berpendidikan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan

bahwa (1) anak laki-laki Indonesia berumur dua tahun dari ibu yang
berpendidikan dapat memproduksi semua fonem vokal [i:], [i], [e], [ɛ], [a], [ǝ],
[ɔ], [o], [u], [u:] dan konsonan[b:], [c:], [d:], [f:], [g:], [h:], [j:], [k:], [l:], [m:], [n:],
[p:],[q:], [r:], [s:], [t:], [v:], [w:], [x:] [y:], [z:] [ŋ:], [ñ:], [ʃ:]. Dan laki-laki
Indonesia berumur dua tahun dari ibu yang tidak berpendidikan dapat
memproduksi semua fonem vokal juga, namun untuk konsonan, dia memiliki
kesalahan dalam mengucapkan [q:], [r:], [x:], [z:] and [ʃ:] (2) anak laki-laki
Indonesia berumur dua tahun dari ibu yang berpendidikan dan tidak
berpendidikan dapat memproduksi semua fonem vokal dengan tepat tetapi dalam
mengucapkan fonem konsonan anak laki-laki Indonesia berumur dua tahun dari
ibu yang berpendidikan dapat memproduksi fonem consonant yang lebih tepat
dari pada anak laki-laki dari ibu yang tidak berpendidikan (3) dalam menstimulasi
fonem-fonem dalam sebuah kata, ibu yang berpendidikan melakukan cara- cara
yang bervariasi seperti mengobrol, mengajarkan se buah kata dengan
menggunakan bilingual buku, menunjukkan nama pada benda ketika mereka
mengadakan perjalanan, menyanyikan sebuah lagu. Dan dia memberikan dan
mengatakannya contoh yang benar kepada anaknya karena konsep yang ada pada
dirinya, walaupun ibu yang berpendidikan memiliki waktu yang terbatas. Ibu yang
tidak berpendidikan menstimulasi anaknya dengan mengobrol terus-menerus
tanpa mengetahui itu kata yang salah atau benar dan terkadang dia tida bisa

memberikan contoh yang baik pada anaknya, walaupun dia memiliki waktu yang
lebih banya bersama anaknya. Jadi, kualitas yang baik lebih bagus daripada
kuantitas. Selain itu dalam penelitian ini, terdapat sebuah fakta bahwa anak laki-

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laki dari ibu yang tidak berpendidikan menggunakan bahasa pertamanya dengan
menggunakan dua bahasa secara bersamaan pada waktu yang sama.
Kata Kunci: Pemerolehan, Perkembangan Phonologi, Status Sosial, Tingkat
Pendidikan Ibu (SES)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................... i
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................................... vi
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................. viii
LIST OF APPENDIXES ..................................................................................... ix

CHAPTER I :INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Background of the Study ............................................................................1
1.2 The Problems of the Study .................................................................................6
1.3 The Objectives of the Study ...............................................................................7
1.4 The Scope of the Study ......................................................................................7
1.5 The Significance of the Study ............................................................................7
CHAPTER II :REVIEW LITERATURE
2.1 Theoritical Framework ............................................................................................. 9
2.2 Language Acquisition ............................................................................................... 9
2.3 Characteristics of 2 to 3 Years Old Language Acquisition ................................ 11
2.4 Phonological Development .................................................................................... 14
2.5 First Language Phonological Acquisition ............................................................ 24
2.6 Social Status ............................................................................................................. 27
2.7 Educated and Uneducted Mother........................................................................... 31
2.8 Previous Relevant Studies ...................................................................................... 35
2.9 Conceptual Framework ........................................................................................... 38
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 The Research Method ......................................................................................42
3.2 The Location of the Study ................................................................................43
3.3 The Subject of the Study ..................................................................................43

3.4 The Technique of Collecting the Data .............................................................44
3.5 The Instrument of Collecting the Data .............................................................45
3.6 Trustworthiness of The Study .........................................................................45

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3.7 The Technique of Analyzing the data .............................................................46
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 The Data ...........................................................................................................48
4.2 Data Analysis ...................................................................................................48
4.3 The Findings ....................................................................................................56
4.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................58
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclussion ......................................................................................................61
5.2 Suggestions ......................................................................................................62
REFERENCE .......................................................................................................63

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1

Language Development Milestones ...............................................12

Table 2.2

Vowel in Indonesian Language .....................................................16

Table 2.3

Consonant in Indonesian Language ..............................................17

Table 3.1

The Trustworthiness of the Study ..................................................46

Table 4.1

Indonesian Vowel Acquired by Boy of Educated Mother .............50

Table 4.2

Indonesian Consonant Acquired by Boy of Educated Mother ......51

Table 4.3

Indonesian Vowel Acquired by Boy of Uneducated Mother .........52

Table 4.4

Indonesian Consonant Acquired by Boy of Uneducated Mother ..53

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LIST OF APPENDIXES

Page
Appendix

1

Interview Sheet

69

Appendix

2

Interview Answers

71

Appendix

3

The Types of Indonesian phonemes in Vocabulary
Acquired by Different Two Years Old Indonesian
Boys of Different Mother’s Education Level

73

Appendix

4

MKZ’s Vowel Phonemes

139

Appendix

5

MKZ’S Consonant Phonemes

146

Appendix

6

FQ’s Vowel Phonemes

158

Appendix

7

FQ’s Consonant Phonemes

162

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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1. Conclusions
Based on the data and findings, it could be concluded that:
1. The two years old Indonesian boy of educated mother could produced all
vowels [i:], [i], [e], [ɛ], [a], [ǝ], [ɔ], [o], [u] and [u:] and consonant
phonemes [b:], [c:], [d:], [f:], [g:], [h:], [j:], [k:], [l:], [m:], [n:], [p:],[q:],
[r:], [s:], [t:], [v:], [w:], [x:] [y:], [z:] [ŋ:], [ñ:], [ʃ:]. And two years old
Indonesian boy of uneducated mother could produced all vowels too but
for consonant phonemes, he has mistakes in uttering [q:], [r:], [x:], [z:]
and [ʃ:].
2. The two years old Indonesian boy of educated and uneductaed mothers
could produced all vowel phonemes appropriately but in uttering
consonant phonemes the two years old Indonesian boy of educated
mother could produced consonant phonemes more appropriate than boy
of uneducated mother.
3. In stimulating phonem in a word, the educated mother does the boy
through various ways such as such as chatting, teaching a word by a
bilingual book, showing the name of the things when they got in
travelling, singing a song. And she could give and shout the good
example to her boy because of herself conception, eventhough educated
mother has limited time. The uneducated mother stimulated her child by
chatting continuously without knowing true or false word and sometimes
she could not give the good example to her boy, eventhough she has
more time. So, good quality is much than quantity. Furthermore in this
61

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reseach, that was a fact that the boy of uneducated mother used his first
language by using two languages simultaneously at the same time.

5.2. Suggestions
1. To mothers
It is suggested to all mothers with different native language, they have to
teach and stimulate the first language of their children with the correct
pronounciation of the words.
2. To the teachers of kindergarten
It is suggested to all teachers of kindergarten to teaching the language
appropriately in pronounciation, stimulating the language acquisition of
the children by using various ways to make them interested in learning
the language especially in first language. It is purposed to make the
children comfortable in their school surroundings.
3. To other researchers
It is suggested to the researchers who are interested in doing research on
language acquisition to get more research in this order to conclude
acceptable research scientifically. This research concerned about first
language acquisition phonological acquisition of two years old
Indonesian boys of different mother’s education level with larger
number of subjects. Perhaps, there will be so many things different of
acquiring the language. For another research conducted is to get better
understanding on this discipline subject research.