III
1. Introduction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1.1 Why this guide on commons?
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 1.2 Scope, audience and structure of the guide
. . . . . . . . . . . .
4
2.1 What do we need to know when dealing with commons?
. . . . . . .
9 2.2 Why should we secure tenure rights to commons?
. . . . . . . . .
13 2.3 What do the Guidelines say about tenure rights to commons?
. . . . . .
15
Contents
Foreword
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V
Acknowledgements
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VI
Acronyms
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VIII
Executive Summary – The guide in a nutshell
. . . . . . . . . . . .
IX
3.1 Strategies for legal recognition and protection
. . . . . . . . . .
24
Strategy 1:
Legally recognize legitimate tenure rights to commons and their rights holders by devolving the authority and responsibility to govern the commons, conditioned
by legal requirements for inclusive, accountable and sustainable governance
. . .
24
Strategy 2:
Strengthen or establish a legal framework focusing on procedural rules to accommodate the complexity, diversity and lexibility of tenure rights to commons
.
29
Strategy 3: Agree on rules for the utilization of commons, map their boundaries
and register them based on a negotiated and inclusive local process
. . . .
32
Strategy 4:
Establish a transparent policy-making and law-making process that enables communities and civil society to participate
. . . . . . . . . . .
37
Strategy 5:
Carry out advocacy work to support tenure rights to commons
. . .
38 3.2 Strategies for implementation by states and rights holders
. . . . . . .
41
Strategy 6:
Strengthen or progressively develop inclusive and accountable community governance structures
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
Strategy 7:
Support the empowerment of marginalized and vulnerable groups within communities to make efective use of community institutions
. . . . . .
45
Strategy 8:
Strengthen or develop implementation capacities of state oicials and devolve human and inancial resources
. . . . . . . . . . .
46 3.3 Strategies to support the enjoyment of rights
. . . . . . . . . .
51
Strategy 9: Ensure access to justice, recognize and integrate local-level mechanisms,
and enable legal advocacy
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
51
2. Commons and the Guidelines
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
3. Strategies for the responsible governance of tenure rights to commons 21
IV GOVERNING TENURE RIGHTS TO COMMONS
4. The process of adapting the generic strategies to the local context
. .
65
5.1 Annex 1: Glossary
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
73 5.2 Annex 2: How was this guide developed?
. . . . . . . . . . . .
74 5.3 Annex 3: Bibliography and resources
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
76
Boxes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Box 1:
Background of the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
Box 2:
The 10 guiding principles for the implementation of responsible tenure governance § 3B
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Box 3:
How to govern tenure rights to commons responsibly: 12 strategies for states, communities, civil society organizations, and private sector actors
. . . . . . .
23
Strategy 10:
Strengthen the environmentally sustainable and economically viable use of commons to maintain and create long-lasting beneits for community members
.
55
Strategy 11:
Ensure that any partnerships or contracts with investors support local livelihoods and do not infringe on tenure rights to commons nor violate
related human rights
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
59
Strategy 12:
Engage in the facilitation of multi-stakeholder processes for the review of legislation and monitoring of institutions, processes and rule of law
. . . .
62
Cases
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Case 1:
How secure are community lands? A snapshot of the legal recognition of commons in Africa, by Liz Alden Wily
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
Case 2:
Sámi pastoralism and the concept of the commons, by Ivar Bjørklund
. . .
30
Case 3:
Cambodia’s community isheries: Overcoming challenges of contested boundaries in riparian commons, by John Kurien
. . . . . . . . . . .
35
Case 4:
Alleviating intra-community injustices on commons management by associating Traditional Rulers to the debate on land? By Téodyl Nkuintchua,
His Majesty Bruno Mvondo, Samuel Nguifo
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
43
Case 5:
Overcoming the implementation gap of tenure rights to commons through a multi-tiered and holistic capacity development approach for community-based forest management, by
Reymondo Caraan, Ronnakorn Triraganon, Chheng Channy, MaungMuang Than, Sokchea Tol, Bounyadeth Phoungmala, Warangkana Rattanarat, Kuntum Melat
. . . . . .
50
Case 6:
Conservation, conlict and claiming collective rights to marine commons in Dwesa-Cwebe, South Africa, by Jackie Sunde
. . . . . . . . . . . .
54
Case 7:
Securing local livelihoods depending on forest commons: The case of the ‘Forest Government’ of the State of Acre in the Western Brazilian Amazon, by Benno Pokorny
.
57
5. Annexes
