Collaborative Forest Management between the Community and the Company

80 farming, and in the political community, whereas women undertake the domestic activities which take more time but are less appreciated. However, through PHBM, equity in gender roles has been increased by involving women in the forest conservation activities since they have the best local knowledge and depend on the forest for daily subsistence. Despite its sufficient infrastructure support, Rakitan Village is located relatively far from the potential markets. Therefore, the possibility of an excess of NTFP products should be anticipated by inventing suitable post-harvesting treatments and fruit preservation technology as the alternative way to market variety products, in addition to developing potential future markets. I realize that the implementation of PHBM, in practice, may not satisfy every party involved, as many weaknesses still exist; from the unwillingness to equitably share the land, roles and benefits to the unsupportive actions by local communities and stakeholders as well as some of Perhutani’s personnel. However the initial step, conserving Gunung Lasem protected forest involving Rakitan Village community through PHBM is worthy of credit and support. References Altieri, M. 2005. “Gender and Development.” [online August 17, 2005] URL:http: www.iirr.orgsaempage70-74.htm Amanor, K.S. 2005. “Equity in Forest Benefit Sharing and Poverty Alleviation.” Tropenbos International, The Netherlands. Beneria, L. and Bisnath, S. 1996. “Gender and Poverty : An Analysis for Action.” [online August 17, 2005] URL:http:www.iggi.unesco.or.krwebiggi_docs02952393547.pdf CBD. 2003. “Forest Biological Diversity: Integration of Non-Timber Forest Resource in Forest Inventory and Management.” [online August 17, 2005] URL:http:www.biodiv.orgdoc meetingssbstta-09informationsbstta-09-inf-14-en.doc CIDA. 2004. “Trees and Agriculture in Asia : The Role of Trees and Forests in CIDA’s Strategy for Promoting Sustainable Rural Development Through Agriculture.” [online August 18, 2005] URL: http:www.rcfa-cfan.orgenglishissues.16.htm CIFOR. 2005. “Forest and Non-Timber Forest Products.” [online August 7, 2005] URL: http:www.cifor.cgiar.orgdocs_refaboutciforfactsheetntfp.htm Colchester, M. et al. 2003. “The Applications of FSC Principles 2 and 3 in Indonesia: Obstacles and Possibilities.” WALHI, AMAN and The Rainforest Foundation. Dishut Jateng. 2005. “Garis Besar PHBM di Provinsi Jawa Tengah “Main Points of PHBM in Central Java Province. [online August 10, 2005] URL: http:www.dinashut-jateng.go.id hal.php?id=23-26k 81 Djogo, T. 2004. “Pengelolaan hutan berbasis masyarakat: wacana dan pelaksanaannya” Community-based Forest Management and Its Impementation. [online August 22, 2005] URL: http:beritabumi.or.idartikelvt.php?idartikel=36 FAO. 1995. “Report on the International Expert Consultation on Non-Wood Forest Products.” FAO Corporate Document Repository. [online August 9, 2005] URL: http:www.fao.org documents Iddi, S. 1998. “National Forest Program: Newsletter Message.” [online August 17, 2005] URL: http:nfp.co.tzindex2.htm Indonesian Embassy of UK. 2000. “Moving to a Forest-Based Economy.” [online August 16, 2005] URL: http:www.indonesianembassy.org.ukforest-9.html Kompas. 2003. “Hutan Jawa Kebun Kayu” Forest in Java Timber Plantation. [online August 23, 2005] URL: http:www.kompas.comkompas-cetak030209Fokus120828.htm Matsui, Y. 1999. Women in the New Asia. Zed Books: London NewYork. Mayers, J. and S. Vermeulen. 2002. “Company-community partnerships. From raw deals to mutual gains?” A component of the International Collaborative Research Project steered by IIED: Instruments for sustainable private sector forestry. Earth Print Limited. Mayoux, L. 2002. “Microfinance and Women Empowerment: Rethingking Best Practice.” [online August 17, 2005] URL:http:devnet.anu.edu.auonline20versions20pdf57 Mayoux.pdf Michon, G. and de Foresta, H. 1996. “Agroforests as an alternative to pure plantation for the domestication and commercialization of Non-Timber Forest Products. Domestication and commercialization of non-timber forest products in agroforestry systems.” [online August 18, 2005] URL: http:www.fao.orgdocumentsshow_cdr.asp?url_file=docrepw3735e w3735e21.htm Nketiah, K.S., J.A.S. Ameyaw and B. Owusu, Jr. 2005. “Equity in Forest Benefit Sharing: Stakeholders’ Views.” [online August 15, 2005] URL: http:www.tropenbos.orgfiles Benefitsharingsmall.pdf Nuryaman. 2002. “Bangun Hutan Bersama Masyarakat : PHBM Mengubah Masyarakat Jadi Pelaku Utama Pengelolaan Hutan” Managing Forest with Community: PHBM Changes Community as Primary Actor in Forest Management. [online August 16, 2005] URL: http:www.pili.or.idnews2002indonesiaincl5_31b.htmlBangun_Hutan Perum Perhutani. 2001. “Keputusan Dewan Pengawas Perum Perhutani No. 136KPTS DIR 2001 tentang Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Hutan Bersama Masyarakat” Perum Perhutani Board of Surveillance Decree No 136KPTSDIR2001: Managing Forest with Community. Jakarta, Indonesia. Perum Perhutani. 2002. “Keputusan Direksi PT Perhutani Persero No. 001KPTSDIR2002 tentang Pedoman Berbagi Hasil Kayu” PT Perhutani Persero Board of Director Decree No. 001KPTSDIR2002 : Guidance of Timber Production Sharing. Jakarta. Indonesia.