Focus of the Study Research Question Significance of the Study Discrimination

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B. Focus of the Study

Based on to the background of the study above, the writer focuses his research in gender discrimination and violence issue through Gracie’s character in a film entitled Gracie using relevant theories.

C. Research Question

Based on the background of the study and the focus of the study above, the writer formulates the question as follows: 1. What kinds of gender discrimination and violence are in Gracie movie? 2. What kinds of efforts are done by Gracie to fight against discrimination and violence in Gracie movie?

D. Significance of the Study

The writer expects the result of this study gives some information about gender discrimination and violence in a movie, and for the readers who want to do a deeper analysis about gender concept in a movie or in another literary works.

E. Research Methodology 1. The Objective

The purposes of this research are to find out some kinds of gender discrimination and violence in Gracie movie, and then, to find out what kinds of efforts done by Gracie to fight against discrimination and violence in Gracie movie. 17

2. The Method

The writer uses qualitative method with a descriptive analysis in analyzing gender discrimination and violence that appears in Gracie movie.

3. The Instrument

The instrument of this research is the writer himself, by watching the whole of Gracie movie, grouping the dialogues and pictures of some characters about Gracie and analyzing the data that have relation with the relevant theories.

4. The Unit of Analysis

The unit of analysis is a film entitled Gracie; this film is directed by Davis Guggenheim and released in America on June, 1 st 2007.

5. Place and Time

This research began on August 2008 in the faculty of Adab and Humanities, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 18 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Discrimination

The problem remains in our society throughout the world is asymmetrical relationship between men and women. Indeed, the dominant position of men is persuasive that people often assume that this is the unbalance relationship between men and women which often called discrimination. Discrimination is a practice of one particular group in society in unfair way. 9 Another version said, Discrimination is unpleasant action to woman based on patriarchy’s faith that woman has attribute that they do not want. There are two actions which are categorized as discrimination, first is an action or policy that make woman get advantage from that action, this action is called positive discrimination. Second is an action or policy where woman does not get anything from it, this action is called negative discrimination. According to Heidi Hartman, he said that discrimination is a result from a long process interaction between patriarchal and capitalism. 10 Gender discrimination is an effect of sex stratification, which means, the constructed social hierarchy that produces inequality, subordinating woman as a class to man as a class. 9 Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, p.384 10 Maggie Humm, Ensiklopedia Feminisme, Fajar Pustaka Baru, p.112-113 19 Discrimination toward or against a person or group is the prejudicial treatment of them based on certain characteristics. It can be positive behavior directed towards a certain group, or negative behavior directed against a certain group. There are some kinds of discrimination such as race discrimination, age discrimination, language discrimination, and religious discrimination. From those criteria of discriminations, there is one kind of discriminations that often happened in society and family that is gender discrimination. Basically, gender discrimination happens because of the gender differences between man and woman. Gender discrimination can happen toward man and woman, but commonly the victim of the gender discrimination is woman because in patriarchal system they consider woman is second creature after man. This perception makes many men think that they can do anything toward women.

B. Gender Differences