11.23 51.14 The Description and Analysis of Sources of Errors
for the foreign learners when they learn second language or foreign language, the interference of first language involved in language
learning process. These are the example errors caused by interlingual transfer:
a
“At night, we held a fire camp night.” it should be “At night, we held a camp fire night
” See appendix table 4.20, p.36. The student’s error is caused by interlingual transfer which in
Indonesian language has different formation of noun from English. It can be seen by hisher word order which it is the word order in
Indonesian language rule. b
“I and family went to home grandmother.” that the correct sentence is “My family and I went to grandmother’s home.”
See appendix table 4.37, p.48. The student was influenced by the interlingual transfer because in Indonesian language the possessive
of noun is different from English and the student still used Indonesian language way in the sentence.
c
“That a unforgettable moment and happy.” It should be “That was
an unforgettable and happy moment
.” See appendix table 4.7, p.14.
The student didn’t use to be, proper article and also having incorrect word order. Due to in Indonesian language the
rule of using article and to be are not available therefore the student misused the article
, and didn’t use to be in the sentence. Moreover, heshe had incorrect word order which in Indonesian language
adjective word put after noun but in English adjective word put before noun. It reflects that the student was still influenced by
mother tongue language or called interlingual transfer.
3 Intralingual Transfer
Intralingual transfer has 94 or 11.23 error. When students who learnt a rule of target language but they haven’t mastered it yet
and they applied it in the new rule, it is called intralingual transfer. Therefore the students had incorrect sentence structure because they
generalized one rule to others. These are the examples of intralingual transfer:
a
“And me happy” which the correct is “And I was happy.” See
appendix table 4.3, p. 3. The student misused object pronoun
“me” therefore heshe used it in subject pronoun. The student also didn’t use to be in the sentence.
b
“We were go at half past six” which it should be “We went at half
past six.” See appendix table 4.9, p. 17. The student misused the verb of past tense to be
“were”. It caused by intralingual transfer because the student generalized that the word “we” must be
followed by “were”.
c
“On Sunday my grandma and I went to the Tangkuban Perahu” it should be “On Sunday my grandma and I went to Tangkuban
Perahu
” See appendix table 4.18, p.33. The student made over- generalization of using article the, therefore heshe applied it in the
proper noun which do not need to use article the. 4
Context of Learning The lowest source of error is context of learning which the
error is 20 or 2.39. Context of learning can be caused by the teacher, textbook material, or the student itself. Sometimes, the teacher mislead
explanation improperly contextualized based on the textbook when heshe explains the pattern in the classroom or the textbook itself gives
hardly comprehensible explanation for the students, and may be the
students have misperception of teacher’s explanation from the
materials given that leads them to make the error. These are the examples of context of learning:
a
“…and the next day morning we went to the recreation area is a
very beautiful waterfall. ” which the correct “…and the next
morning we went to the recreation area which has a very beautiful
waterfall.” See appendix table 4.24, p.42. The student didn’t use the relative clause to connect word in the sentence and it can be
caused by the teacher’s explanation which didn’t have wide coverage therefore the student wrote inappropriate sentence. The
student also had incorrect word “day morning” it can be caused the student’s perception related using the word “day”.
b
“…we went a look the Tiger, Elephant, Snake, Bird, etc.” it
should be
“…we went a look the tigers, elephants, snakes, birds,
etc.” See appendix table 4.23, p.41. The student didn’t use the plural noun, it can be caused in teaching learning process the
student only was familiar with the singular noun, therefore the student didn’t use the singular-plural noun properly in the topic
heshe write related the number of animals in zoo.