Possible legal status Road map for IQB establishment

55

5.7 Possible legal status

There are a range of options as to where the Board will be based, however not all are suitable for the long term sustainability of the IQF and the Board. In addition, it is critical that the legislative basis has precedence over regulations related to ministries. Given that Presidential Decree 82012 specifically refers to the ministries responsible for education affairs and for labor issues, one of these ministries could be responsible for the Board. However, the IQB should not be sectorally based 25 as research has shown that in order to be successful, qualification- system reforms require that all stakeholders are mobilized and involved, and that they are aware of the objectives and they take ownership of the necessary changes [UNESCO 2015]. If the IQB is sectorally based within a ministry or exclusive to a ministry, then other education and training sub sectors will not be fully engaged nor mobilized. Ministry Legal entity Office of the President State Secretariat Benefit Relevant to the needs of providers and employers users Independent and not easily affected by any government intervention Ensure policy coordination and synchronization across sectors Funding is assured by government budget Funding could be acquired from government, though could still generate revenue through fee for services Funding is assured by government budget Risk Tend to be segmented Could be difficult to harmonize its policy with government policy Over centralization of tasks currently carried out by different agencies Easily affected by Ministerial sectoral policies Services could become unaffordable due to high tariff charged Unnecessary government intervention could affect independence Government intervention could reduce independence Table-15: Possible legal status of IQB The international experiences indicate that the majority of responsible agencies are quasi-autonomous non-government organizations; responsible to the government. Such a structure may provide the IQB with a level of long term stability. As a separate entity, the IQB can then meet some of its proposed roles, e.g. cross-sectoral and objective advice, without being subject to the vagaries of political changes and policy within ministries. Considering that a relevant ministry is not the best option for placement of the IQB; another option is that the IQB reports directly to the Office of the President or the State Secretariat. This would provide the IQB with a level of independence from any one ministry. 25 Within a ministry dedicated to a sub sector of the education and training system. 56

Chapter 6 Road map for IQF implementation

6.1 Rationale of IQF

IQF was developed to respond the aforementioned national need and regional and global involvement. It is an integral part of the strategy to improve the quality of national human resources by acting as: i a national reference to match and harmonize learning outcomes resulted from formal and non- formal education, or acquired through job experiences; ii as guidelines and reference for the development and improvement of the quality of national higher education and for workers, industry, business, and public institutions to plan and develop career paths; iii as a reference for the improvement of the quality of private and public training institutions; as well as for the professional associations to develop professional pathways; and iv at the international level, the IQF serves as a device to translate international workforce and students qualifications to meet the Indonesian qualification system.

6.2 Structure of the IQF

IQF is a unified national qualifications framework that is intended to be utilized by all sectors in Indonesia. The Presidential Decree 82012 defines the framework as…a framework of competency qualification leveling which corresponds, equalizes and incorporates educational fields with work training fields and work experience in order to provide work competency recognition according to the work structure in various sectors’. The IQF consist of nine levels of learning outcomes. It implies equality, thus acts as a national reference to mutually recognize learning outcomes from any means of education. It is a device to translate overseas qualifications into the Indonesian qualification system and vice versa. The IQF level descriptors are based on learning out comes defined through a comprehensive mapping of the current condition of Indonesian workforce and derived from two-way need of supply-push and demands-pull approach. Each description reflects scientific and skill aptitudes as well as the attitudes to respect diversities as a reflection of Pancasila, Constitution, national integration, and Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. The IQF is intended to be underpinned by robust quality assurance system to provide credibility for the qualifications in the framework and users’ confidence in qualifications awarded.

6.3 Legislative Basis for Implementation of IQF

The Presidential Decree 82012 on IQF was further elaborated for the higher education sector. Article 29 of the Law122012 on Higher Education explicitly stipulates that the NQF should be referred in developing qualification. This article is elaborated further in the following regulations: •••• MoEC Regulation 732013 on the Implementation of IQF in Higher Education, particularly RPL; •••• MoEC Regulation812014 on Diplomas, Competency and Professional Certification in Higher Education; •••• MoEC Regulation 492014 on the National Standards on Higher Education, particularly the article that regulates minimum learning outcomes currently in the process to be revised.