9 The following groups of providers are the provider stakeholders in the skills training system:
• The Training Center Balai Latihan Kerja - BLK under MoM; • Community colleges under MoEC just recently legalized;
• Non degree programs offered by higher education institutions under MoRTHE; • Private training and course providers:
o Lembaga Pelatihan Kerja LPK registered and accredited by MoM
o Lembaga Kursus dan Pelatihan LKP and Program Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat PKBM –
registered and accredited by MoEC; • The national apprenticeship system under MoM.
Other Ministries also provide training through their training units Diklat or through private providers. Although their capacity is mostly small, they play an important role in their respective sectors.
The most recent information on private training providers acquired from MoM and MoEC is presented in Appendix-1. However, the accurate total number of skills training providers is difficult to determine,
since some are double-counted. The latest figures acquired show that under MoEC, 74 types of courses and training are registered and offered by a total of 27,321 providers.
SECTOR SECTOR
1 Computer
5717 8
Automotive 561
2 English training
4423 9
Driving lesson 494
3 Tailor
3111 10
Culinary 410
4 Hair dresser
1831 11
Music 350
5 Lesson counseling
1711 12
Arithmetic 334
6 Bridal saloon
1615 13
Embroidery 306
7 Beautician
895
Table-1: Programs offered under MoEC
4
[MoEC 2015]
2.3.2 Competency based training and assessment
In order to improve effectiveness and productivity, in early 2000 a Memorandum of Understanding MOU between the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry KADIN, the MoM, MoEC, and MoI
was signed to promote a competency based training system. Based on this MOU, a concept of competency-based training was developed and the principles were later accommodated in the
Manpower Law 132003. The Law provides a right to every worker to acquire competencies, which can be obtained either through training programs or through competency certification. A competency is
defined as a worker’s ability to perform a job as required by an employer. It should be noted that this Law was enacted 9 years before the Presidential Decree 82012 IQF was issued.
As mandated by the Law 132003 and elaborated by Regulation 232004,the National Agency for Professional Certification or Badan Nasional Sertifikasi Profesi BNSP was established as an independent
agency with the responsibility of carrying out certification of competencies
5
. BNSP provides licenses to professional certification bodies or Lembaga Sertifikasi Profesi LSP, which are legal entities established
by industry andor professional associations, to carry out the certification process. By the end of 2014, BNSP has licensed 137 LSPs, mostly in manufacturing, services, tourism, and general workers including
migrant workers. BNSP is responsible for periodically assessing the quality of LSPs, and its distribution is presented in Table-2.
4
Only sectors with more than 300 programs are presented.
5
BNSP consists of 25 members assigned by a Presidential Decree for a term of five years; 15 of them represent private industries whilst the remaining 10 represent government agencies. It is chaired by a Chairperson and a Vice Chairperson and
supported by a Secretariat.
10 In the period of 2005 to 2014, the accumulated number of certified workers is approximately 2.1 million,
mostly migrant workers. The government has an ambitious target to achieve 9 million certified workers in 2019.
TRAINING PROGRAMME • NCS based training module
• Workplace Based Equipments • Certified Instructor
• Learning by doing method
• Facilities • Management
• Funding
NQF NCSSKKNI
TRAINING PROVIDER
ACCREDITATION
LABOUR FORCE
EMPLOYED + JOB SEEKERS
GRADUATES C
E R
T IF
IC A
T IO
N COMPETENT
WORKERS C
O M
P E
T E
N C
Y A
S S
E S
S M
E N
T
EXPERIENCED WORKERS
BOARD OF TRAINING COORDINATOR IPCABNSP
PCBLSP
Figure-4: National Competency based training system [BNSP 2014] The Government Regulation 312006 on the National Skills Training System Sistem Pelatihan Kerja
Nasional SISLATKERNAS was issued as a platform for the integrated competency based training system. SISLATKERNAS describes three pillars of competency based training system, namely i
competency standard, ii competency based skills training program, and iii competency certification. The linkage between the three pillars is presented in Figure-4.
SECTOR SECTOR
Communication and information 3
Maritime and fisheries 1
Tourism 15
Forestry 2
General workers 16
Trading 8
Manufacturing industries 25
Construction 1
Finance and banking 8
SME cooperatives 3
Energy and mining 8
Services 20
Transportation 7
Education 10
Health care 4
Security 1
Agriculture 3
Local government 1
Table-2: Distribution of the licensed Professional Certification Bodies or LSP [BNSP 2014] The three levels of competency standards knowledge, skills, and attitudes are i National Competency
Standard NCS or SKKNI Standar Kompetensi Kerja Nasional Indonesia
6
; ii International Standard; and
6
SKKNI Standar Kompetensi Kerja Nasional Indonesia or Indonesian National Competency Standard is a description of competencies required by a person to be assigned in a particular occupation or position. SKKNI covers knowledge, skills, and
attitude, and shall be used as a national reference in developing a competency. SKKNI could be arranged in a package consisting of clusters of competencies andor units of competencies unit kompetensi, occupancy, or job title jabatan.
11 iii Special Standard. The NCS is developed based on the guidelines stipulated in the MoMT Regulation
122007 later revised by the MoMT as Regulation 82012. The development of a NCS involves MoM, other relevant technical Ministries, and the Committees of
Competency Standard. Competency Based Training is a training approach that includes modules, training aids, methods, and instructors. The approach aims to apply competency-based standards and
implement principles to ensure a graduate acquires competencies as required by the NCS, and to be eligible to receive the Certificate of Competency. Unfortunately the current SISLATKERNAS does not
include graduates from formal education, i.e. higher education institutions and vocational high schools.
By the end of 2014, 406 packages of competency standards SKKNI have been developed in the main economic sectors, as illustrated in Table-3. The number of SKKNI to be developed yet is still very large,
considering the rapid advancement of technology. Jobs in information and communication technology as well as logistics are only a few examples of new occupations in the market that require definitions of
competency standards. In order to achieve the government target of 10 million certified workers in 2019, a significant number of additional packages are needed in the near future.
Sector Number of standards
Agriculture 56
Mining and energy 52
Manufacturing 54
Construction 108
Tourism Culture 56
Services Others 80
TOTAL 406
Table-3: Distribution of packages of competency standards developed by sector until 2014 [BNSP 2014] Competency-based programs administered by MoEC had been in operation for some time prior to the
issuing of the IQF Decree. Therefore, their structure has to be adjusted to comply with the IQF. The learning outcomes also need adjustment, particularly in shifting the emphasis from education to skills
formation. Table-4 presents courses under MoEC that have been adjusted to comply with the IQF.
Acupuncture Driver
Housekeeping Skin Cosmetics
Accountancy Piano
Japanese Language Chinese Medicine
Aerobic Secretary
Foot Reflexology Tax management
Baby Sitting Fashion Design
Master of Ceremony TV Broadcasting
Bridal Saloon Florist
Motorcycle Mechanics TV Cameraman
Spa Hair Dressing
Embroidery Patchwork Video Editing
Dried Florist Culinary
Export Import Adm. Wedding Decoration
Table-4: Programs under MoEC with IQF referred qualifications [MoEC 2015]
2.4 Recognition of Prior Learning
