1.1.5 Definition of Terms
This part aims to define the term used in this study in order to clarify the concept and avoid misinterpretation.
1.1.5.1 Instructional design
According to Dick Reiser 1989, instructional design is a systematic process for designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating instruction p.
3. In this research, the instructional design is a process of designing, developing and evaluating instructional writing materials using movie for the
eighth grade students of SMP BOPKRI 3 Yogyakarta. However, the material designed will not be implemented in this research.
1.1.5.2 Writing
Writing is the mental work of creating ideas, thinking about how to express the ideas, and organizing the ideas into statements and paragraphs that
will be clear to the reader Nunan, 2003, p. 88. In this research, the aim of the instructional writing materials using movie is to help the eighth grade students
of SMP BOPKRI 3 Yogyakarta in expressing their ideas in written form, comprehending some kinds of English texts they learn in classroom and also
building up their writing skills including vocabulary and grammar mastery so that they can deliver their ideas of what they want to write clearly to the
reader. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
1.1.5.3 Movie
Movie is close to people’s daily life. It does not only entertain, but also can give information and knowledge about cultures, languages, and people
worldwide. Oxford Dictionary define movie as “a series of moving pictures
recorded with sound that tells a story, shown at the cinemamovie theatre” “Movie”.
Movie can also be an effective media in language learning. Ismaili 2013 states that movies give
“exposure to “real language” used in authentic settings and in the cultural context which the foreign language is spoken.” In other
words, movie can be an effective language learning media for students who learn English as a foreign language EFL. In addition, Kusumarasdyati
Luo, as cited in Ismaili 2013 find that movies can grab the learners’ interest
and it can positively affect their motivation to learn. In this research, English movies are used to help the eighth grade students of SMP BOPKRI 3
Yogyakarta to develop their writing skills. The movies which are chosen by the researcher will consider the students age and level, and also content
appropriateness. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
In this chapter, the researcher will discuss related theories that are used in conducting the research. This chapter will be divided into two sub-chapters, which
are theoretical description and theoretical framework.
2.1 Theoretical Description
This section provides the related theories used in this research. The theories used are Instructional Design, Task-Based Learning, Writing, and Movie.
2.1.1 Instructional Design
Instructional design is a systematic process for designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating instruction Dick Reiser, 1989, p. 3. The
instructional design method that is used in this research is Kemp’s instructional design model that has been modified by Morrison, Ross, Kalman and Kemp in
2011. According to Morrison, Ross, Kalman, and Kemp 2011 the purpose of instructional design is to make learning more “efficient, effective and less
difficult” p. 2. Therefore, Morrison, et al 2011 maintain the four fundamental components in instructional design which form the framework for systematic
instructional planning. The components can be represented by these questions: 1 for whom is the program developed? Characteristics of learners; 2 what do you
want the learners or trainee to learn or demonstrate? Objectives; 3 how is the subject content or skill best learned? Instructional strategies; and 4 How do
Kategori