42 The utterances produced by the characters written in the script were
scrutinized in an attempt to address the first research problems: 1 What Grices maxims are violated by the addressees on the responses to their addressers
utterances in The Prince and the Pauper movie? The results of this question were used as the basis for the second question: 2 For what possible purposes do the
addressees violate the maxims? The researcher only selected certain utterances in the script which were produced by the five addressees dealing with violations of
Grices maxims.
3.4 Data Analysis Technique
The researcher gathered all conversations of The Prince and the Pauper movies characters in the script. After reading the conversations carefully, the
researcher identified addressees responses violating Grices conversational maxims. The researcher then classified the violating responses into four of Grices
maxims 2004, pp. 45-47. Through this process the researcher was able to obtain a clear picture of which responses violated each of the maxims separately and
concurrently. After classifying the violating responses, the researcher proceeded to analyze them to find out the purposes triggering the addressees violated the
maxims as proposed by Grice 2004, Leech 1992, Brown and Levinson 1987, Goffman 2008, Khosravizadeh and Sadehvandi 2011, and Dornerus 2005.
43
3.5 Research Procedure
A number of steps were taken by the researcher in conducting his research. Based on the content of this research, the researcher took five steps. They are
elaborated on as follows. 1. Collecting Data
The source of the data was a movie entitled The Prince and the Pauper. The movie was chosen because the researcher noted that the movie had many
possibilities for violations of Grices maxims in conversation among the characters. The maxims were Maxims of Quantity, Quality, Relevance, and
Manner. The realm of the conversation was traditional market, palace, office, and cathedral. This is very much connected with the nature of pragmatic study which
focuses on utterances produced and context Levinson, 1983, p. 9. As a pragmatics inquiry, the types of data taken here were interactive exchanges
uttered by the characters in The Prince and the Pauper movie. When watching the movie, the researcher transcribed the subtitles containing violations of Grices
maxims by five characters out of thirty four characters. Five of the characters violated Grices maxims as their habits. Thus, the data were collected by
transcribing the subtitles of the movie. Transcribing is a part of the data collection in pragmatic research Andersen, 2002, p. 15.
2. Analyzing the Script After transcribing the script, the writer analyzed the script to gain clear and
complete information based on the characters utterances related to the research topic. The researcher scrutinized every conversation employed by the characters
44 in the movie to answer the two research questions, namely what Grices maxims
are violated by the addressees on the responses to the addressers utterances in The Prince and the Paper movie and for what purposes do the addressees violate the
maxims. 3. Identifying the characters utterances According to Grices maxims
The researcher scrutinized characters responses to identify which responses violated Grices conversational maxims and which did not. The maxims
employed were Quantity, Quality, Relevance, and Manner. In this view, the researcher employed Grices Cooperative Principle. By doing so, the researcher
obtained a clear picture of the violations made by the characters when responding to their interlocutors speeches. The researcher found that on the one hand, one
response violated each of the maxims separately. On the other hand, the same response violated the maxims simultaneously; two even three maxims.
4. Identifying the characters purposes for violating the maxims After finishing the identification of the characters utterances violating
Grices maxims, the researcher then identified each utterance to find out the possible purposes for violations. The researcher employed three theories coined
by linguists. They were Cooperative Principle posited by Grice 2004, Politeness Principle posited by Leech 1992 and Brown and Levinson 1987, and Face
Principle posited by Goffman 2008. Cooperative Principles coined Grice 2004, p. 49 says that speakers tend
violate maxims in order to mislead their counterparts. Politeness Principle coined by Leech 1992 and Brown and Levinson 1987 underlines that speakers tend to
45 violate Grices maxims in order to be polite. Face Principle postulated by Goffman
2008 underlines that speakers violate the Grices maxims to save face. consenting Grices opinion, Khosravizadeh and Sadehvandi 2011 say that the
speakers violate Grices maxims in order to cause misunderstandings on their participants part and to achieve some other purposes, for example to protract
answer, please counterpart, avoid discussion, etc.” pp. 122-123. Meanwhile, Dornerus 2005, p. 16 says that the speakers tend to violate Grices maxims in
order to communicate self-interest. 5. Writing up the Report
After going through all of the aforementioned steps, the researcher concluded with the written report on the research in the form of paper. The gained
research results were expounded and connected with theories related to the topic. The theories used here were Cooperative Principle posited by Grice 2004,
Politeness Principle posited by Leech 1992 and Brown and Levinson 1987, and Face Principle posited by Goffman 2008. The researcher employed these
theories as the main theories in the whole paper to address the two research problems: 1 Which Grices maxims are violated by the addressees on the
responses to the addressers utterances in The Prince and the Pauper movie? 2 For what purposes do the addressees violate the maxims?
46
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
