7 Direct comment
It means that the author can describe or comment on a person’s character directly.
8 Thoughts
It means that the author can give the readers direct knowledge of what a character is thinking about.
9 Mannerisms
It means that the author can describe a character’s mannerisms, habits or idiosyncrasies which may also tell the readers something about the character.
This study will use the nine principals of characterization by Murphy. The nine principals of characterization will be used to understand the personalities of
the main character, Peter Lane, in The Foundling.
3. Theory of Psychology
Theory of psychology is necessary for analyzing main character’s personality in novel besides theory of character and characterization. Theory of
psychology is needed because character’s personality deals with human psychology. The meaning of psychology itself is the scientific study of anything a
person or animal does, feels, thinks, or experiences Huffman et al, 4. For analyzing personality, Paul Costa and Robert McCrae Huffman et al,
445 – 446 proposes five-factor theory as the most talked about modern trait theory. Five-factor theory is “trait theory that attempts to explain personality in
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terms of a ‘Big Five’ model-openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism” 445.
1 Openness to experience
Person who has high openness to experience will be imaginative, curious, open to new ideas, and interest in cultural pursuits. However, person who has
low openness to experience will be conventional, down-to-earth, narrower in their interests, and unartistic.
2 Conscientiousness
Responsible, self-disciplined, organized, and achieving at the high end are the things that high conscientious person has. Then, irresponsible, careless,
impulsive, lazy, and undependable are what low conscientious person has. 3
Extroversion Person who is sociable, outgoing, talkative, fun loving, and affectionate at the
high end contrasts with high extroversion factor. And person who is tend to be withdrawn, quiet, passive, and reserved contrasts with low extroversion factor.
4 Agreeableness
High factor agreeableness person will be good-natured, warm, gentle, cooperative, trusting, and helpful. But low factor agreeableness person will be
irritable, argumentative, ruthless, suspicious, uncooperative, and vindictive. 5
Neuroticism Person who has high neuroticism factor is emotionally unstable and prone to
insecurity, anxiety, guilt, worry, and moodiness. Person who has low
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neuroticism factor is emotionally stable, calm, even-tempered, easygoing, and relaxed.
4. Theory of Conflict
