A study of Chick Benetto`s conflicts as seen in Mitch Albom`s For One More Day.

A STUDY OF CHICK BENETTO’S CONFLICTS AS SEEN IN MITCH ALBOM’S FOR ONE MORE DAY

A Thesis

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree

in English Language Education

By Esti Dewanti

Student Number: 051214143

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA

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A STUDY OF CHICK BENETTO’S CONFLICTS AS SEEN IN MITCH ALBOM’S FOR ONE MORE DAY

A Thesis

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree

in English Language Education

By Esti Dewanti

Student Number: 051214143

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA

vi ABSTRACT

Dewanti, Esti. (2009). A Study of Chick Benetto’s Conflicts as Seen in Mitch Albom’s For One More Day. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program, Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University

This thesis discuses the conflict faced by Chick Benetto as the major character of Mitch Albom’s For One More Day. In his life, Chick faces many conflicts. His conflicts make him try to end his life.

This study aims to find out how Chick Benetto is characterized, what conflicts he faces, and what resolutions to Chick’s Benetto’s conflicts. There are three problem formulations in this thesis. They are: 1). How is Chick Benetto characterized in For One More Day? 2). What are the conflicts faced by Chick Benetto? 3). What are the resolutions to Chick Benetto’s conflicts?

This study is a library research. This study uses two kinds of sources, namely primary and secondary sources. The primary source is the novel, For One More Day. The secondary sources are taken from some books related to the theory, such as theory of critical approach, theory of character and characterization, theory of conflict, theory of conflict resolution, and some reviews about types and reasons of suicide. This study applies psychological approach to analyze the conflicts and the resolutions of the conflict.

From the analysis, there are three main points drawn. First, Chick Benetto is a person who is messy, rude, selfish, rebellious, introvert, dishonest, tender, and wishy-washy. Chick’s characters are seen from his manner, speech, reaction, and thought. Second, Chick faces two kinds of conflict, namely internal conflict and external conflict. The internal conflicts are money investment, Chick’s decision about the divorce, suicide, Chick’s mother’s request, Chick’s parents’ divorce, and Chick’s decision about his father’s request. The type of the external conflict is zero-sum conflict. The conflicts are between Chick and his mother, between Chick and his ex-wife, between Chick and his sister. Third, in solving the conflicts, Chick uses accommodation and avoiding types.

The thesis ends with suggestions for the future researchers and teaching learning activity. This thesis can be used for the future researcher as information in analyzing the novel For One More Day. There is also suggestion for using the novel For One More Day in Intensive Reading II Class in English Language Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma University.

vii ABSTRAK

Dewanti, Esti. (2009). A Study of Chick Benetto’s Conflicts as Seen in Mitch Albom’s For One More Day. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Bahasa Inggris, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas Keguruan and Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Skripsi ini membahas tentang konflik yang dihadapi oleh Chick Benetto sebagai tokoh utama dalam For One More Day karya Mitch Albom. Dalam kehidupannya, Chick menghadapi begitu banyak konflik. Konflik-konflik itu membuat dia mencoba untuk bunuh diri.

Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagamaina Chick Benetto dikarakterisasikan, konflik apa saja yang dia hadapi, dan pemecahan masalah yang diambil untuk menyelesaikan konflik-konflik tersebut. Ada tiga rumusan masalah dalam skripsi ini. Rumusan-rumusan masalah itu adalah: 1). Bagaimana Chick Benetto dikarakterisasikan dalam For One More Day? 2). Apa saja konflik yang dihadapi oleh Chick Benetto? 3). Apa saja pemecahan konflik untuk konflik tersebut? Skipsi ini adalah penelitian perpustakaan. Skripsi ini mengunakan dua macam sumber, yaitu sumber utama dan sumber kedua. Sumber utama adalah novel For One More Day. Sumber kedua diambil dari beberapa buku yang berhubungan dengan topik dari skripsi ini, seperti teori tentang karakter dan penokohan, teori tentang konflik, teori tentang pemecahan masalah, dan beberapa sumber tentang tipe dan alas-an oralas-ang untuk bunuh diri. Skripsi ini menggunakalas-an pendekatalas-an psikologi untuk menganalisa konflik dan pemecahan masalah dari konflik tersebut.

Dari pembahasan, terdapat tiga poin utama. Pertama, Chick Benetto adalah orang yang berantakan, kasar, egois, pemberontak, tertutup, tidak jujur, penyayang dan plin-plan. Karakter Chick dapat dilihat dari kelakuannya, perkataannya, reaksinya, dan pikirannya. Kedua, Chick menghadapi dua macam konflik, yaitu internal konflik dan eksternal konflik. Internal konfliknya adalah investasi uang, keputusan Chick tentang perceraiannya, bunuh diri, permintaan ibu Chick, perceraian orang tua Chick, dan keputusan Chick tentang permintaan ayahnya. Tipe dari eksternal konflik yang dihadapi oleh Chick adalah zero-sum konflik. Konflik tersebut antara Chick dengan ibunya, Chick dengan mantan istrinya, dan Chick dengan adik perempuannya. Ketiga dalam meneyelesaikan konflik tersebut, Chick menggunakan pemecahan konflik jenis akomodasi dan menghindar.

Skripsi ini diakhiri dengan saran untuk peneliti di masa yang akan datang dan aktivitas belajar dan pembelajaran. Thesis ini dapat digunakan untuk peneliti yang akan datang sebagai informasi dalam menganalisa novel For One more Day. Terdapat juga saran untuk menggunakan novel For One More Day di kelas Intensive Reading II di Program Study Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In finishing this thesis, there are people who have supported me. First of all, I would like to give my biggest gratitude to my Lord and my Saviour,Jesus Christfor His blessing, love, and guidance.

I would like to give my gratitude to Veronica Triprihatmini, S.Pd., M. Hum., M.A. as my thesis sponsor, for her guidance, patience, and time in guiding me to finish my thesis. She has given me knowledge in finishing this thesis.

I would like to thank all the lectures in English Education Study Program who have given me knowledge about English. The knowledge is very meaningful for me. I would also like to thank the secretariat staff of English Education Study Program and the library staff of Sanata Dharma University for helping me in finishing my thesis.

My deepest gratitude goes to my mother, Sumarni, for her prayer, love, guidance, support and kindness. I would like to thank my father,Wirjawan Abadi, my sister, Wijayanti, my brother-in-law, Avianto, and my cute nephew, Evan for their love and support so that I can finish my thesis. I would also like to give my gratitude to all my families in Sukoharjo and Klaten.

I would like to thank the members of Puri Pendawa, Pak Kus, Bu Wiwik, mas Rico, Ella, Cristy, mbak Ika, and Yoga for being my new family in Yogyakarta. I thank my friends, Funny, Gendis, Wiwin, Dea, Jule, Andre, Verdi, Dion, Wahyu,

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Fidel, Rindang, Ella, Indra, and Berlin for the friendship, laughter, and togetherness. They have given me wonderful days and experiences in Yogyakarta. I love them all. I also thankLia, Nana, Dewo, and Kiemasfor keeping forcing me to finish this thesis as soon as possible.

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Sometimes the end is just the beginning

(Suburban Girl Movie)

I dedicate this thesis to:

Jesus Christ

My Mother as the best Idol ever in this

world

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE………...i

APPROVAL PAGES……….………...…ii

STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY………...iv

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMI_…...v

ABSTRACT…...………. vi

ABSTRAK_{………....vii}

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……….viii

PAGE OF DEDICATION………. ..x

TABLE OF CONTENTS……….xi

LIST OF APPENDICES………....xv

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION………...1

A. Background of the Study………...1

B. Problem Formulation……….4

C. Objectives of the Study………...4

D. Benefits of the Study………...4

xii

CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ……….. …….7

A. Review of Related Studies…………...………...…...7

B. Review of Literary Theories………..8

1. Theory of Character………..8

2. Theory of Characterization………..10

3. Theory of Critical Approach………...12

4. Theory of Conflict………...13

C. Review of Types and Reasons of Suicide………17

D. Theoretical Framework………19

CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY……… 21

A. Object of the Study………..……….. 21

B. Approach of the Study………...……… 22

C. Method of the Study………..………. 23

CHAPTER IV. ANALYSIS………...……… 25

A. The Description of Chick Benetto’s Characters…….……… 25

1. Messy………... 26

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3. Selfish……….. 28

4. Rebellious………. 29

5. Introvert……….………... 30

6. Dishonest……….. 31

7. Tender……….……….. 33

8. Wishy-washy……….………... 34

B. The Conflicts Faced by Chick Benetto………...……… 34

1. Internal Conflicts………..……… 35

a. Money Investment………..………… 35

b. Chick’s Decision about His Divorce……….……… 36

c. Suicide………... 37

d. Chick’s Mother Request………..…….. 38

e. Chick’s Parents Divorce………..…... 39

f. Chick’s Decision about His Father’s Request………..…….. 40

2. External Conflicts………... 41

a. Between Chick and His Mother……….. 41

b. Between Chick and His Ex-Wife, Catherine………...42

c. Between Chick and His Sister, Roberta……….. 43

C. The Resolutions to Chick Benetto’s Conflicts………...…...……….. 44

1. Resolutions to Internal Conflicts……….. 45

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CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS……….. 48

A. Conclusions……….…… 48

B. Suggestions……….…… 49

1. Suggestions for the Future Researchers……….... 49

2. The Implementation of For One More Day in Teaching Intensive Reading II……… 50

REFERENCES………..…. 51

xv

LIST OF APPENDICES

Page APPENDIX 1: THE SUMMARY OF MITCH ALBOM’S FOR ONE MORE

DAY……… 54

APPENDIX 2: THE BIOGRAPHY OF MITCH ALBOM………... 55

APPENDIX 3: LESSON PLAN………... 57

APPENDIX 4: LEARNING MATERIAL………... 62

1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

This chapter deals with five parts. First is the background of the study that states the reasons why the writer chooses this topic. Second is problem formulation containing three questions that are analyzed and discussed in this study. Third is objective of the study that answers the questions formulated in the problem formulation. The next part is benefit of the study that describes the benefits of this study for the readers, the students of English Language Education Study Program, the English teachers, and the researchers. The last part is definition of terms related to the study.

A. Background of the Study

Reading literary works gives pleasure and enjoyment for the readers. However, it also offers more than that. Little says that reading literary works can add our understanding about our lives and environment (1). In our environment we can see that many people enjoy reading literary works because some literary works represent their lives, for example in a novel. In a novel, there are conflicts that make the story more interesting. The conflicts in a novel are usually faced by people in real life.

In a real life we always deal with conflicts or problems. The problems may come from us or other people. Isenhart and Spangle say that conflict cannot be separated from our life (1). People will always find conflicts in their life. As individual, we

have our own conflict. In relationship with others, we will find more conflicts. Worchel and Cooper state that conflict is a contradiction as a result of incompatibility within the individual or between two or more individuals (46). Stanton states two kinds of conflict namely, internal conflict and external conflict. Internal conflict is a conflict between two desires within a character. External conflict is a conflict between characters or between a character and his environment (16). In literature, people are able to find conflicts inside it because literature is the portrait of people’s life. The author of literature wants to say something to the readers about life. Little says that most of literary works deal with human life including its problems. There are family problems, social problems, and personal problems which can be found in the literary works (1).

In real life, people may have different views in facing their problem. Some people are able to face it patiently and wisely. They can find the best solution to their problems. They can use their mind and heart in solving their problem. On the other hand, some people cannot face their problem well. They cannot use their mind and thought in solving their problem. Since they cannot find the best solution, they will feel depressed. They even want to end their life because they cannot hold their problems anymore. Dr. Peter Parker says that someone’s mood influences the will to end someone’s life. Such people who want to end their life can be found in our environment (www.sinarharapan.com).

Nowadays, we often hear news about suicide in our environment, people cut their pulse, drink insect pesticide, hang themselves, etc. The researchers in America say

that the number of teenagers who want to suicide increases from time to time. In Indonesia, there are many people try to end their life. In Bogor, there was a boy named Daud Firdaus who tried to end his life by drinking insect pesticide because he could not accept their parents’ divorce (www.indosiar.com/patroli). Another case happened in Surabaya, East Java. A family consisting of four persons was found dead in their house. From the evidence found in that house, the police said that the father had killed his wife and two children before he killed himself. The police said that economic problem became the cause of this case (www.surabayapost.co.id). In addition, the article states that the causes of suicide are depression, wrong eat circum, and harassment.

The conflicts mentioned above have similarity with the conflicts in the novel For One More Day by Mitch Albom. In the novel, there are many conflicts faced by the character, Chick Benetto, which lead him to end his life. He faces many conflicts since he was very young. Since he gets many problems in his life, he cannot hold his problems anymore. He feels depressed and wants to end his life. Chick Benetto cannot face his problems patiently and wisely. He wants an easy way to end all of his problems. In the novel For One More Day, Mitch Albom gives many conflicts that people usually face. Mitch Albom also gives the resolutions taken by the character in facing the problems.

In the novel, it is interesting to study Chick Benetto’s conflicts. The writer is interested in analyzing Chick Benetto’s internal and external conflicts because Chick Benetto faces many family conflicts during his life which make him try to end his

life. Therefore, by analyzing the conflicts in a novel, it can give new point of view for the readers in facing and solving their problems.

B. Problem Formulation

From the background above, some problems can be formulated as follow: 1. How is Chick Benetto characterized in For One More Day?

2. What are the conflicts faced by Chick Benetto? 3. What are the resolutions to Chick Benetto’s conflicts?

C. Objectives of the Study

Based on the problems formulated in problem formulation above, the objectives of the study are:

1. To find out how Chick Benetto is characterized in For One More Day 2. To find out the conflicts faced by Chick Benetto

3. To find out the resolutions to Chick Benetto’s conflicts

D. Benefits of the Study

There are some benefits from this study that can be gained by the writer, the English teachers, the students, and the researchers. For the readers, they will be able to find out the conflicts faced by Chick Benetto. In addition, this study gives views for the readers to solve their problems.

For students of English Language Education Study Program, this study can give better understanding about intrinsic aspects of literature, especially the conflicts of literature. The benefit for the researchers is that it can be used as additional source in analyzing conflicts of a novel. The result of this study can be use to explore conflicts in a novel. For the writer, the writer is able to know the conflicts among people and how to solve them.

E. Definition of Terms

There are some terms used in this study. To avoid misunderstanding, the terms are defined.

1. Conflict

Worchel and Cooper state that conflict is a contradiction as a result of incompatibility within the individual or between two or more individuals (460). There are two kinds of conflict stated by Stanton namely, internal conflict and external conflict. Internal conflict is a conflict between two desires within a character. External conflict is a conflict between characters or between a character and his environment (16).

In this study, the conflicts refer to both internal and external conflicts. Internal conflict is a conflict of a character with his/her own feeling. External conflict is a conflict of a character with the other characters. Both the internal conflict and external conflict are face by the character Chick Benetto.

2. Family

According to Cheal, family is any group which consists of people in intimate relationships which are believed to endure over time and across generation (4). In this study family refers to Chick Benetto’s family.

3. Divorce

According to Sanfrook, divorce is a moment which gives signs to couple’s relationship, but it does not imply the end of the relationship (124). In this study, the divorce leads Chick Benetto to have a will to end his life. The divorce refers to the divorce of Chick Benetto’s parents and Chick Benetto’s divorce with his wife.

4. Suicide

Suicide is the intentional killing of oneself ( www.wikipedia.org/suicide). In this study, suicide means killing oneself because of certain reasons. In this study, Chick Benetto cannot hold his problems anymore that make him wants to end his life. 5. Resolution

Resolution is method for alleviating or eliminating sources of conflict (www.wikipedia.org/conflict resolution). In this study, resolution means methods taken by the characters to solve the conflicts.

7 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In conducting this research, the writer uses some theories to support the analysis. This chapter consists of two main parts, namely review of related theories and theoretical framework. Review of related theories consists of theory of character, theory of characterization, critical approach, theory of conflict, and theory of suicide. The last part is theoretical framework which is used as a summary of the theories to answer the problem formulations.

A. Review of Related Studies

The novel For One More Day by Mitch Albom is a well-known novel. This novel has been translated in many languages. Therefore, some people use this novel for their study. In this case, the writer finds a thesis conducting the same topic in the same novel, For One More Day. The thesis entitled The Influence of Benetto’s Intrapersonal Conflicts on His Personal Life as Reflected in Mitch Albom’s For One More Day was written by Dian Prawesti.

The thesis written by Dian Prawesti has the same topic as the writer’s topic which is about conflicts. However, there are some differences between those two theses. The Dian’s thesis discusses about the internal conflicts faced by Chick Benetto. In addition, Dian’s thesis discusses about the influence of the conflicts to Chick Benetto’s personal life. Dian also gives some resolutions taken by Chick Benetto to

solve his problems. In that thesis, the resolutions are shooting, avoidance, and competition.

Being different from that thesis, this study discusses the internal and external conflicts faced by Chick Benetto. The writer also discusses the resolutions taken by Chick Benetto, namely avoiding and accommodation types. In addition, the writer does not discuss about the influence of the conflicts to Chick personal’s life. There are also the significances of this study. This study is to find out the internal and external conflicts faced by Chick Benetto. This study is also to find out the resolutions taken by Chick Benetto. In addition, this study may give new point of views for the readers in facing problems.

B. Review of Literary Theories 1. Theory of Character

In a literary work, characters play an important role to the story. In order to understand the story, the readers have to know the characters in the story. Every person in a story has different characters from the others. In order to understand the characters in a story, the readers have to know the definition and kinds of character.

Abrams states that characters are the persons presented in a dramatic or narrative work. Characters are interpreted by the readers as being endowed with moral, dispotional, and emotional qualities that are expressed by in their dialogue. The basic of character’s emotion, desire, and temperament called motivation (23).

In addition, Holman and Harmon state that character is the person that reflects people in real life who are described by the author in his literary work. They define characters as descriptive sketch of person’s type. The person’s character is not described as individual personality, but it is described as an example of vice or virtue (81). Rohrberger and Woods state that characters are the persons who act in a story. They said that characters must be credible, which means that the readers must accept them as believable people (20).

Henkle states two kinds of character. First character is major character in which he also calls as protagonist. The readers are able to identify the major character from the complexity of characterization, the amount of attention given to him, and the intensity that a character seems to transmit. Henkle says that major character always fascinates the readers with his words or behavior so that major character deserves the readers’ fullest attention. On the other hand, the second character, secondary character, does not have full attention from the readers. This kind of character functions as a foil to the major character. Secondary character is generally less complex, less sophisticated, and less interesting (88-97).

Forster divides characters into flat and round. He says that flat character is built by a single idea or quality. It is not represented by much individualizing detail. Therefore, it can be described in a single phrase or sentence. A round character is complex in temperament and motivation. This character is as difficult to describe as people in a real life. A round character is able to surprise the readers (46-51).

2. Theory of Characterization

Character and characterization cannot be separated. In real life, if we judge someone’s characters, we will use characterization. According to Rohrberger and Wood, characterization is the process by which the author creates a character. This is used by the author to decide the characters of the story. Characterization is used in order to give better understanding about the character of the story. The readers will have an understanding that the characters present the characters of the author. The readers are able to know that the characters are different, because the author gives different things for each character (20). According to Murphy, there are 9 ways in which the author attempts to make his characters understandable for his readers (161-173).

a. Personal description

The author describes a person’s appearance and clothes. We can see from his hair, skin colour, his build, his hand, face, skin, eyes, and clothing.

b. Character as seen by other

The author describes the character indirectly. It can be seen through the other person’s eyes. The other person in the story gives opinion about the other character. c. Speech

The author gives some insights through what a person says. Whenever a person speaks, has conversation with others, and gives opinion, the readers will be able to understand the characters.

d. Past life

The author gives explanation about the character through the person’s past life. This can be done by direct comment by the author through the person’s thoughts, through his conversation or through the medium of another person.

e. Conversation of others

The author gives the readers clues to a person’s character through the conversations of other people and the things they say about him. People who talk about other people and the things they say often give as a clue to the character of the person spoken about.

f. Reaction

The author gives the readers a clue to a person’s character by letting the readers know that person reacts to various situations and events. From the reaction he has toward various situations and events, the readers will be able to find out what kind of character a person has.

g. Direct comment

The author describes or comments on a person’s character directly. From the author’s direct comments on a person’s character, the readers will be able to know the characters directly.

h. Thoughts

The author gives us direct knowledge of what a person is thinking about. The author is able to do what people cannot do in real life. The author tells the readers

about thought of different people. The readers are able to know different person’s thought.

i. Mannerisms

The author describes a person’s mannerisms, habits or idiosyncrasies in a story. The readers are able to know a person’s character from his mannerism, habits, or idiosyncrasies.

3. Critical Approach

Rohrberger and Woods explain that literature as one of arts which has esthetic value. They also explain that the response to the esthetic value is called esthetic response which is used to response the beauty of literature (3). In order to understand the esthetic value of literature, the readers need critical approach. Rohrberger and Woods state five kinds of critical approach (6-13).

The first critical approach is mythopoeic approach. This approach is used to discover recurrent patterns of human thought. The patterns are found in the ancient myth and folk rites that influence people’s thought.

The second approach is psychological approach. This approach tries to locate and demonstrate the recurrent human’s patterns by using his imagination and creation. In this approach, character is the element of literary work. This approach is applied to discover the character’s personality, which can be found in symbolic words, thoughts, and actions.

The third is formalist approach. This approach focuses on the structure of literary work. The formalist approach concentrates almost entirely on the esthetic values, which are concerned with the harmonious of the meaning derivation from structure and technique in determining structure. This approach does not concern with the facts of the author’s life, the genre of the literary work, and the social milieu. .

Next approach is biographical approach. This approach focuses on the author’s personality and life. In order to know the personality and life of the author, the readers could collect facts about the author’s personality and life. It can help the readers to appreciate the author’s literary work.

The last approach is sociocultural-historical approach. This approach focuses on the social, culture, and history background of literary works. It implies that the social, culture, and history background of literary works will influence the making of the literary works.

4. Theory of Conflict a. Types of Conflict

There are two kinds of conflict stated by Stanton, namely internal conflict and external conflict. Internal conflict is a conflict between two desires within a character. External conflict is a conflict between characters or between a character and his environment (16).

Worchel and Cooper state that conflict is a contradiction as a result of incompatibility within the individual or between two or more individuals. They state

two kinds of conflict, namely intrapersonal conflict and interpersonal conflict (460-463). Intrapersonal conflict is a conflict when a person makes a choice between two or more alternatives. Interpersonal conflict is a conflict which exists between two or more persons. From Stanton’s definition and Worchel and Cooper’s definition, it can be concluded that they seem to have same definition about kinds of conflict.

According to Worchel and Cooper, based on the types of response tendencies, there are four kinds of intrapersonal conflicts. They are approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, approach-avoidance, and double approach-avoidance.

The approach-approach is the simplest type of conflict. This type results when a person is motivated to approach two positive goals but can reach only one. This type of conflict should be easy to resolve. In this type, the closer someone to his goal, the stronger will be the drive toward that goal.

The second type is avoidance-avoidance. This type occurs when someone has to choose between two equally unattractive goals. This conflict is difficult to resolve, since whenever someone gets near to one negative goal, the drive to avoid that goal increases.

The third type is approach-avoidance. This type of conflict involves only one goal which has both attractive and unattractive qualities associated with it. In this type, the person’s desire to both obtain the goal and escape from it traps him in conflict.

The last type is double approach-avoidance. This type can involve having to choose between two goals, each of which has positive and negative aspects. Many

conflicts that appear to be approach conflict are actually double approach-avoidance conflicts.

The second kind of conflicts is interpersonal conflict. There are two kinds of interpersonal conflict based on which side wins or loses.

The first type is zero-sum conflict. This conflict means that one’s winning is the other’s loose, since individuals think that if they cannot obtain the goal, the other side will win. Therefore, each side wants to obtain everything he wants.

The second type is non-zero-sum conflict. This conflict is also called as a mixed-motivation conflict. In this type, there are two important things. The first one is one’s winning is not the other’s loose. The second one involves cooperation and competition. In this type, it can be concluded that individuals in conflict are beneficial for each other.

b. Conflict Resolutions

People have different ways in resolving their conflicts. Isenhart and Spangle state that people have different reactions in perceiving opinion and interference from other people. Some people become aggressive and assertive. They will threaten and make demands. Others will become quiet and passive and avoid talking about their concerns (26).

Isenhart and Spangle give five types in resolving conflicts. Those types are influenced by some factors. Those factors are the importance of issue to the party, contextual or cultural norms for how conflict should be approached, how one

anticipates that others will react, and personal goals. Those resolutions are avoiding, accommodation, compromising, competitive, and collaborative (26).

1). Avoiding

In this type, one party denies that there is a conflict, changes topics, and avoids discussion. This style is effective in situation in which there is danger of physical violence, the issue is not important, there is no chance of achieving goals, or the complexity of the situation prevents solutions.

2). Accommodation

In this type, one party sacrifices its interests and goals and lets the other party achieve their interests and goals. This type is effective when there are no any chances to achieve the interests, when the outcome is not important, or when there is a belief that satisfying one’s own interests will in some ways alter or damage the relationship. 3). Compromising

In this type, all parties make concessions for partial satisfaction of interests. There is an agreement for all parties to sacrifice their interests in order to gain the best solution for both parties. This type is effective in situations that require quick resolution of issues, when other parties resist collaboration, when complete achievement of goals is not important, or when there will be no hard feelings for settling for less than expected.

4). Competitive

This type is characterized by aggressive, self-focused, forcing, verbally assertive, and uncooperative behaviors that strive to satisfy one party’s interests at the expense

of the interests of others. This type is effective in situations in which decision must be made quickly, options are restricted, there is nothing to lose by pushing, other parties resist cooperation, and there is no concern about potential damage to the relationship. 5). Collaborative

This type is characterized by active listening and issue-focused, emphatic communication that seek to satisfy the interests and concerns all parties. It is effective in situations in which power is reasonably balanced; the long-term relationship is valued; both parties display cooperative behaviors; and there is sufficient time and energy to create a solution that will satisfy both parties.

C. Review of Types and Reasons of Suicide

Kastenbaum in Harvey’s gives some meanings about suicide. Suicide is sinful; suicide is criminal; suicide is the rational alternative; suicide is a reunion with a departed loved one; suicide is rest and peace; suicide is getting at back others-revenge; suicide is the penalty for failure; and suicide is a mistake, stating with a cry for help that was not heeded (138).

There are four types of suicide. The first type is murder-suicide. This type involves one person killing another, usually a close relation, and then killing himself or herself. Murder-suicides occur when one person wants to end people’s suffering then his life as well. Murder-suicides also occur when one person is leaving a close relationship and his or her partner is unhappy about the leaving. Because the partner

being left feels desperate, he or she kills the departing partner and then himself or herself.

The second type is institutional suicide. This type of suicide is done by a group of people. They follow the leader’s commands and do not ask anything. They believe they know the answer for doing the suicide. People in this group will kill themselves together. In addition, there are two more categories of suicide. The first category is rational suicide which involves an attempt to end a state of suffering associated with a terminal or life-threatening illness. The second category is suicide which is not associated with a terminal or life-threatening illness (Harvey 146)

Rational suicide is quite controversial. This type is usually associated with a person’s decision to end the suffering connected with terminal illness. Mayo in Harvey’s suggests that suicides are irrational but in some ways it can be said rational. Suicide is irrational in the sense that usually a person is in great despair possibly suffering from a terminal illness (146).

In deciding to end their lives, people usually have some reasons. Harvey says that suicidal thoughts may come to people’s mind when in time of crises. The crises are when a valued relationship has ended; when valued possessions have been lost; when a person discovers that he or she is in serious illness; when a loved one has a terminal illness; when a person has experienced a hurtful humiliation in interpersonal relations; or when a person has lost a large amount of money (133).

DeSpelder and Strickland in Harvey’s identify some factors that influence suicide in adulthood. The factors are social isolation and loneliness, boredom and depression,

loss of purpose and meaning, financial hardship, multiple losses of loved ones, chronic pain and illness, alcohol and drug abuse, and the desire to avoid being a burden (144).

People who end their lives have certain characteristics. G Pandu Setyawan states that people who end their lives usually are wishy-washy, introvert, and moody people. They are wishy-washy in deciding everything including deciding whether to live or not. People who are introvert keep their problem for themselves. They do not want to share with other people. By keeping all the problems alone, they can be depressed. People who are moody cannot place their mood in a right place. They very often get angry. It can make them feel depressed. If they cannot hold their feeling, they think suicide is the right choice (www.antara.go.id)

D. Theoretical Framework

In this study, the writer analyzes Chick Benetto, the character of this novel, and the conflicts and resolution faced by him. Therefore, the writer uses the theory of character and characterization, theory of conflict, theory of conflict resolution, and some reviews of suicide. The writer uses those theories to answer the problem formulations.

The first question is about Chick Benetto’s characters. In answering the first question, the writer uses Abrams (1971), Rohrberger and Woods (1971), Holman and Harmon (1986), Henkle (1977), Forster (1974). The writer uses those theories to

know about character in a novel. The writer also uses theory of characterization from Murphy (1972) to find out the characters of Chick Benetto.

The second question is about the conflicts faced by Chick Benetto and the resolutions. In answering the question, the writer uses the theory of conflict by Worchel and Cooper (1979) and Stanton (1965). According to Worchel and Cooper, there are two kinds of conflict, namely interpersonal and intrapersonal conflicts. Stanton states two kinds of conflict, namely internal and external conflicts. Their explanations are same each other. Internal conflict is the conflict between Chick Benetto and himself. External conflict is a conflict between Chick Benetto and other people. The second question also deals with the resolution. The writer uses the theory of conflict resolution from Isenhart and Spangle (2000).

The last, the writer uses some reviews of suicide from Harvey (2002). These reviews are used to find out whether people with certain characters have a big chance to end their lives. The reviews are also used to find out whether or not the conflicts influence him to end his life.

21 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

This chapter consists of three parts, namely object of the study, approach of the study, and method of the study. Object of the study describes the work studied along with its physical description. This part also gives the summary of the novel. Approach of the study explains the approach used in conducting the research. The last is method of study which explains the steps taken by the writer in conducting this research.

A. Object of the Study

In this research, the object of the study is a novel entitled For One More Day written by Mitch Albom. This novel was published in 2006 by Hyperion. This novel consists of 208 pages. There are 32 chapters in this novel. Those chapters tell the character, Chick Benetto, since his childhood until his adulthood.

The story is about Chick Benetto and his family. Chick Benetto lives with his mother, father, and his sister. Since his childhood, he always has to choose between his mother’s opinion and his father’s opinion. His father has ever said that he can be a mother’s son or a father’s son, but cannot be both. He actually feels confused in making decision. His father forces him to play softball. Therefore, he decides to follow his father’s decision to play softball.

Chick finds out that his parents are going to divorce. He is very shocked knowing that. He cannot accept his father’s leaving. Hence, he starts to hate his mother. He does not care about what his mother does for him and his sister. He is never satisfied with his mother’s action. When he is married, he still feels confused in following his mother or his father. His mother finally passes away. After his mother’s death, he seems loose his mind. He divorces his wife, and even his daughter does not invite him in her wedding.

Chick Benetto feels depressed with all his problems. He wants to end his life using his gun. From that moment, he meets his mother again. He is very shocked because it has been eight years. His mother takes him to their neighborhood. After meeting his mother, he finally realizes that his mother has done many good things for her family. His mother has reasons in making decision for her family in which Chick does not know about it. Therefore, it makes him realize that he has to move on.

B. Approach of the Study

This research analyzes the conflicts faced by Chick Benetto. Since this research deals with conflicts, the writer used psychological approach. This approach tries to locate and demonstrate the recurrent human’s patterns by using his imagination and creation. In this approach, character is the element of literary work. This approach is applied to discover the character’s personality, which can be found in symbolic words, thoughts, and actions. This approach is used to find out Chick Benetto’s

characters. It is also used to find out the conflicts and resolutions to solve his problems.

C. Method of the study

This study is a library research study. Library research means that the writer uses books and references to support the analysis. In this research, there were two sources used to conduct this research. The first source was the novel written by Mitch Albom entitled For One More Day. The second sources were theories related to the research.

The secondary sources were the theories to support the research. Those theories were the theory of character and characterization, theory of conflict, theory of conflict resolution, and theory of suicides. The theories were taken from library an internet to support the answers.

In conducting this research, there were some steps taken by the writer. The first step is reading the novel. The writer read the novel to find out what the novel was about. The writer read the novel carefully in order to understand the story well.

The second step was formulating the problem formulations. In this step, the writer used many books and references related to the topic chosen. The theories used were theory of character and characterization, theory of conflict, theory of conflict resolution, and some review of reasons and types of suicide.

The third step was analyzing the novel. In this step, the writer firstly analyzed the novel according to the first problem formulation about the character. The writer used the theory of character and characterization to support the analysis. After analyzing

the first problem formulation, the writer moved on to the second and third problem formulations. In this part, the writer used the theory of conflict, conflict resolution, and theory of suicides.

The last step was drawing conclusion of the research. The conclusion was about the answers to the problem formulations. The writer also gave suggestions for students of English Language Education Study Program and future researchers.

25 CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

This chapter consists of three parts. The first part is the description of Chick Benetto as the character in the novel. The second part is the conflicts faced by Chick Benetto. The last part is the resolutions taken by Chick Benetto to solve his conflicts.

A. The Description of Chick Benetto’s Character

A character plays an important role in a novel. According to Abram, Chick Benetto can be said as one of the character in the novel For One More Day (20). According to the description of character by Hankle, Chick Benetto can be included as the major character of the novel (88-97). He also plays as the narrator of the story. His character is complex and his character gets the whole attention from the readers.

The story begins when Chick tries to kill himself because he cannot hold his problems anymore. He feels left by his wife and daughter. His suffering begins worse after his mother’s death. He has to face his divorce. After trying to kill himself, he meets his eight-year-dead-mother. He starts to tell his life from childhood until his adulthood that he has faced many conflicts during his life.

In this story, Chick is described as a man who likes drinking alcohol. He often goes to Mr. Ted’s pub to buy some drinks. In addition, he will continue his drinking again in his apartement. He thinks that by drinking liquor, he will be better. However, he does not find any better life (11).

Some of his characters also influence him in trying to end his life. G Pandu Setyawan states that people who want to end their lives have some characteristics, which are wishy-washy, introvert and moody. In this case, Chick has some of those characters. Hence, it implies that his characters influence him in trying to end his life. Chick Benetto’s characters are described below.

1. Messy

Chick Benetto is a messy man. It can be seen from his manner. He does not care about his appearance. He usually gets drunk in his time. His behavior of getting drunk becomes a problem for him. Because of his bad behavior, Chick cannot manage himself well. He does everything badly. He drinks and sleeps badly. When he gets a new job, he does not change his habits. He is still messy. In his office, his appearance is still messy. When Chick will meet clients, he will only use mouthwash to cover his appearance.

After that, I drank more-ballplayers in my time always drank-but it became a problem which, in time, got me fired from two sales jobs. I slept badly. I ate badly. I seemed to be aging while standing still. When I did find work, I hid mouthwash and eyedrops in my pockets, darting into bathrooms before meeting clients (5).

2. Rude

Chick Benetto is a man who is rude in the way he speaks and reacts especially if he feels uncomfortable. His being rude is seen from his speech when talking to other people and his reaction towards a situation.

When Chick does not like the persons he speaks to or the topic they are talking about, he will show his rudeness. It is showed after the Halloween parade. He is

angry with his mother because of his costume. In a Halloween parade, Chick’s mother makes a mummy costume for him. The costume is made from toilet tissue. Unfortunately, his costume dissolves because of the rain. Chick is ashamed because everybody laughs at him. Chick blames his mother. In addition, he cries and speaks rudely to his mother. He yells to his mother that she ruins his life.

They are laughing. I am burning red. I want to disappear, but where to go in the middle of a parade? When we reach the schoolyard, where the parents are waiting with cameras, I am a wet, sagging mess of rags and toilet paper fragments. I see my mother first. As she spots me, she raises her hand to her mouth. I burst into tears.

“You ruined my life!” I yell (40).

Chick shows his rudeness again to his mother. It is seen from his reaction towards his mother’s request. Chick’s mother always asks a kiss from her children before they go to school. One day, when his mother takes him and his sister to school, he shows his rudeness. His mother asks a kiss from him. However, Chick is ashamed to give a kiss at school. His reaction is not good. He refuses to give a kiss to his mother rudely.

Chick also shows his being rude to his friends. It can be seen from his reaction when he finds out that his friends are looking at his mother in her room. One day, he meets his friends near his house. He feels suspicious with them. He thinks there is something that they hide because they are watching something in his house. He follows the way they look. He finally finds out that his friends are looking at his mother in her bedroom. He is sure that they are watching his mother changing her clothes. He feels very angry with them. He runs to them with blood in his eyes. As a

result, he spontaneously jumps to them and fights against them. He grabs one of them by the neck and throws punches at anything that moves (69).

Chick does not only show his rudeness to his mother and friends but also to his little sister, Roberta. His being rude to his sister can be seen from his speech with his sister. Since Roberta is still a child, she does not understand about her parents’ divorce. Therefore, she asks Chick whether his father will be there or not. He answers his sister with impolite words and tone. He says that she is stupid.

Chick Benetto still shows his being rude in his teenage time. It is seen from his reaction when he is at the movie with his mother. He is ashamed to sit together with his mother at the movies. He does not like all things that his mother does. In addition, he is angry with his mother because she is the only divorced woman around. He wants his mother to behave like other mothers who stay at home and do house works. However, his mother goes to work to fulfill their needs. He does not know that his mother struggles for him and his sister (89).

3. Selfish

Chick Benetto is a selfish boy. He always forces everybody to follow his choice. This character can be seen from his speech when he is with his mother and sister. One day, his mother picks him and his sister up from school. His mother does not look well. Chick notices it. He feels that his mother is not in a good condition. His mother asks him to miss one practice to have an ice cream, but he does not want to go. He says that he cannot miss one practice. He insists on going to the practice. In that case, his mother actually needs him because she is not in a good feeling after getting fired

from her job. He does not care about his mother’s feeling and condition. Although his sister really wants to go, he ignores it. He keeps in his choice. (83)

Chick continues his being selfish to his mother and his sister. It can be seen from his reaction when he does not agree with his mother and his sister about having an ice cream. He knows that his mother and his sister feel sad and upset. Chick’s sister really wants an ice cream although a fast ice cream only. However, Chick is still in his choice. He says no to them. In addition, he even goes out from the car and does not listen to his mother and sister. He yells to his mother and his sister that he does not want to go.

I go out of the car and said, “I don’t want any ice cream. I’m going to practice.” As I crossed the street, my sister yelled out the window, “Do you want us bring you a cone?” and I thought, You’re so stupid, Roberta, cones melt (p. 84).

4. Rebellious

Chick Benetto is a rebellious boy in his teenage time. It can be seen from his speech when he argues with his mother and his reaction when his mother finds cigarette in his drawer. One day, his mother finds cigarettes in his sock drawer. He is fourteen years old when his mother knows about it. Chick yells that it is his room which means she cannot enter to his room. His mother does not like if he smokes in his teenage time.

Chick defends himself from his mother. He does not want to confess that he is guilty. He even yells to his mother during the conversation. He feels that he is old enough to do such kind of action. He even yells to his mother. He uses an impolite

word to his mother. He says that his mother is a hypocrite. He says that because he feels his mother is not fair. His mother smokes but she does not allow Chick to smoke. His mother does not like that word but he still uses that word. He even says that his mother makes him sick. Therefore, Chick’s mother takes the cigarette.

5. Introvert

Chick Benneto is an introvert man. It is seen from his reaction when he is meeting his mother for the first time after her death. He keeps his problem by himself. He does not want to share with other people even to his mother. When he feels awkward meeting his mother, he does not say anything. He is between belief and disbelief. Hence, he keeps his feeling by himself. When his mother asks what is happening with him, he says nothing. He does not answer his mother’s question. He keeps silent during that time (42).

Chick still continues his being introvert. His mother knows that he is not in a good condition. When his mother asks what happens to him, he does not answer. He keeps his problem. He does not tell his mother about what has happened to him. He does not tell his mother about his marriage and his depression. He feels that it is no use to tell his problem to other people around him. Therefore, he only says that he has not been good.

We took a few more steps. My forehead pounded. I rubbed it with the ball of my hand.

“What happened, Charley? Are you in pain?”

The question was so simple, it was impossible to answer. Pain? Where should I begin? The accident? The leap? The three-day bender? The wedding? My marriage? The depression? The last eight years? When I was not in pain?

“I haven’t been so good, Mom,” I said (71). 6. Dishonest

Chick is a man who often lies to everyone. This kind of his characters is seen from his speech when he talks to his mother. He does not tell the truth to everyone. When his mother asks about his wife, he does not tell the truth that he has divorced with his wife. He says that his ex-wife, Catherine, is fine. He wants everything to look fine from the outside. However, in the inside something ruins.

“Charley? Honey?” she repeated. “How’s Catherine?” “She’s OK,” I lied, not having any idea how Catherine was. “And this business about Maria being ashamed of you? What does Catherine say about that? (107)”

Chick lies to his mother about his father’s visit. It is seen from his speech after meeting his father. He does not want his mother to know that his father visits him in his baseball game. He knows that his mother is going to be angry if she knows about his father’s visit. He does not want to make the situation more complicated. Therefore, he keeps by himself that his father actually comes to his baseball game. It is seen from his manner, “I don’t tell her about seeing my father. He shows up for my next game, too, and he nods again when I come to the plate (117).”

Chick lies again to his family. His being dishonest is seen from his reaction after receiving his father’s call. When his mother holds a birthday party, his father calls and talks to him. His father offers him a job in a baseball team. Nevertheless, he does not tell his family about his father’s call. He says that it is from his friend talking

about job. Therefore, he pretends that he is annoyed with that call because his friend bothers him on a Saturday.

I had to lie to everyone there. It wasn’t hard. I wore a pager for work, and I called it from the downstairs phone, they went upstairs quickly. When the pager went off in front of Catherine, I acted annoyed, grumbling about them “bothering me on a Saturday (161).”

Chick almost continues to lie to his wife when his wife calls him. This dishonest character is seen from a character’s thought given by the author. In this case, the character, Chick Benetto, thinks that he will lie again to his wife. He has prepared a lie to his wife when she calls. He says that he has to work which spends his time.

“HELLO”

My wife’s voice sounded shaky, disturbed. “Hey, it’s me,” I said, “Sorry, I-“

“Oh, Chick, Oh, God, we didn’t know where to reach you,”

I had been ready with my lies- the client, the meeting, all of it- but they fell now like bricks (172).

The last proof that Chick is dishonest is when he chats with his mother. It is seen from his speech during the chatting. Chick says to his mother that he lies about his leaving on the day when his mother dies. His mother thinks that he has something to do in her death. In that case, he is actually in a baseball game. He lies to everybody that he has work to do outside town. However, he finally confesses that he is in a baseball game (118).

7. Tender

Although he has bad characters, Chick still has some good characters. He actually really loves his mother. It can be seen from his thought. He adores her so much especially when she makes some jokes. She does not mind smearing ice cream on her face for laugh. She likes making odd voice of Popeye the Sailor Man or Luis Armstrong. Chick loves it so much.

Still, I CAN say I adored my mother, in the way that boys adore their mothers while taking them for granted. She made that easy. For one thing, she was funny. She didn’t mind smearing ice cream on her face for laugh. She did odd voice, like Popeye the Sailor Man, or Luis Armstrong croaking (32).

Chick’s being tender is also seen from his reaction when he finds his friends looking at his mother’s room. His love is shown when he finds his friends watching his mother changing her clothes. He cannot accept that fact. He does not want anyone does something terrible to his mother. He wants to protect his mother as hard as he could. Therefore, he ran to them. He is not afraid although they are bigger than him. He fights against his friends who do that action. He jumps them from behind and throws punches at anything that moves (69).

Chick actually loves his mother so much. He feels desperate and lost when he knows about his mother death. He never thinks about that before. It is seen from his thought given by the author. When he hears the news about his mother’s death, he feels that it cracks a hole inside his brain (172).

In Chick’s being together with his mother, he shows that he loves his mother. It is seen from his speech during that time. He says that he wishes they did the time together before. Hence, he wants to repeat their being together from the past because he feels he has missed many wonderful times with his mother. He feels that he does not use his time well with his mother before she dies (174).

8. Wishy-washy

Chick is a wishy-washy person. He is sometimes confused in making a decision. First he can choose the decision, but then he can change his decision. It is seen from his speech and his thought when he gets a call from his father. His father tells him that he can play in a baseball team. However, Chick cannot go because that day is his mother’s birthday. At first, he refuses his father’s offer because he wants to stay with his mother and family in that occasion. He remembers what his mother says about being a good boy. He feels guilty if he leaves on that day. He thinks that his father ruins his concentration. However, he thinks of his father’s offer and decides to accept his father’s offer. Therefore, he decides to go to the baseball team on that day and leaves his family (159-161).

B. The Conflicts Faced by Chick Benetto

In the novel For One More Day, Chick Benetto has many conflicts. He faces many family conflicts since his childhood. In this part, the writer will describe Chick Benetto’s internal and external conflicts and the resolutions.

1. Internal conflicts

According to Stanton, internal conflict is a conflict between two desires within a character (16). Chick Benetto has many internal conflicts in his life. From the beginning of the story, he has to face the reality that his daughter does not invite him in her wedding. His daughter only sends a card saying that she has already married. She also sends the picture of her wedding (10).

From Worchel and Cooper’s explanation, Chick Benetto’s internal conflicts reflect the kinds of internal conflict, namely avoidance-avoidance and approach-avoidance (469). Avoidance-approach-avoidance is an internal conflict in which a person has to choose between two unattractive goals. Approach-avoidance is a conflict which only has one goal involving both attractive and unattractive qualities associated with it. The conflicts are discussed below.

a. Money investment

After becoming an athlete, Chick becomes a salesman. He wants his family to live better. One day, a beautiful saleswoman offers him to invest his money. He decides to invest his money to her. He cannot think whether it will be useful or not. He only cares about the saleswoman. He does that because he is attracted by the woman who is young and good-looking. In addition, her fashion style makes an old man feel nervous. Chick gets stupid because of her. Hence, he finally agrees to invest without thinking or discussing with his wife. This money investment traps him in an approach-avoidance conflict. Finally, Chick decides to approach this conflict. This conflict of making an investment has both attractive and unattractive qualities. The

attractive quality is he will have much money if the investment goes well. The unattractive is he will be bankrupt if the investment is failed. The desire to have much money became his consideration to approach the conflict.

A year after my mother died, I did the dumbest thing I’ve ever done financially. I let a saleswoman talk to me into an investment scheme. She was young and good-looking in that confidence, breezy, two-buttons-undone fashion that makes an older feel bitter when she walks past him-unless, of course, she speaks to him. Then he gets stupid (4).

Chick’s investment does not go well. He has some meetings with the saleswoman but it gives nothing. Chick actually knows that there is something improper. However, he ignores it. He is astonished with the saleswoman’s physical appearance. Her perfume makes him lose his mind. He gives his savings to that woman. In fact, he does not get anything from the investment. The saleswoman deceives him. She moves to West Coast with Chick’s money. As a result, the failure of the investment gives a new problem for him. He has to explain to his wife about the money investment.

We meet three times to discuss the proposal: twice at her office, once in a Greek restaurant, nothing improper, but by the time her perfume cleared my head, I’d put most of savings in a now-worthless stock fund. She quickly got “transferred” to the West Coast. I had to explain to my wife, Catherine, where the money went (4-5).

b. Chick’s Decision about His Divorce

Chick’s foolishness in making an investment makes him live in a deep sorrow with his family. He often fights with his wife because of money. Catherine is tired with him. She cannot hold that anymore. However, Chick cannot blame her because

he feels it is his fault. His marriage is finally collapse although he actually does not want it. However, he cannot defend his marriage. Therefore, Chick and Catherine finally live separately. He is very ashamed with his divorce. He moves to an apartment by himself (5).

Money became a problem; Catherine and I fought constantly about it. And, over time, our marriage collapsed. She grew tired of my misery and I can’t say I blame her. When you’re rotten about yourself, you become rotten to everyone else, even those you love. One night she found me on the basement floor with my lip cut, cradling a baseball glove (p. 5).

The conflict that Chick faces is approach-avoidance. This conflict has only one goal which is defending the marriage. Furthermore, this conflict has attractive and unattractive aspects. Chick has to choose whether or not he divorce Catherine. If he divorces Catherine, he will be in his misery because he still needs and loves her. However, if he does not divorce Catherine, she will be angry and sad because she does not love and need Chick anymore. She wants a better life by having divorce from him.

c. Suicide

Chick cannot hold his problem anymore. Therefore, he decides to end his life. One night in October, he makes a decision that he will end his life. He feels very depressed in facing his problem. He still cannot believe that a man like him who has ever been an athlete will try to end his life.

And one night, in early October, I decided to kill myself. Maybe you’re surprised. Maybe you figure men like me, men who play in a World Series, can ever sink as low as suicide because they always have, at the very least, that “dream came true” thing (6).

Chick decides to end his life because he cannot hold his problems anymore. He decides to go home to Pepperville Beach, in which he grows up. He is very confused before doing his action. He moves around his apartment. He walks in circles before deciding to go. Finally, he takes his gun and wants to end his life using his gun (11).

This conflict is an avoidance-avoidance conflict. The conflict has only unattractive goals, ending his life or staying alive. The two choices will not give any advantages for him. If he chooses to end his life, he will die and will not meet. If he does not end his life, he will face his problems that he feels he cannot hold that anymore. He feels that he does not have any better choice. Every choice cannot bring his happiness back.

d. Chick’s Mother’s Request

After meeting his mother in his old house, Chick still feels awkward. He is still confused why his dead mother is there. He still cannot believe that he meets his mother. His mother asks him to stay with her because he wants him to spend a day with him. However, he cannot answer quickly to his mother request. He cannot give a good answer to his mother. He feels confused because he thinks that it is impossible to stay with a dead person. Hence, he says to his mother that it is impossible. His mother does not give reaction to Chick’s statement. Instead of giving reaction, she scoops eggs from a pan and asks him to eat (55-56).

The conflict Chick has above is an approach-avoidance conflict. The goal of this conflict is staying with his mother. This goal has both attractive and unattractive qualities. On one hand, if he follows his mother’s request, his mother will feel happy.

On the other hand, Chick thinks that it is impossible to stay and spend a day with his mother. If he cannot fulfill his mother request’s, she will feel regret. In that case, Chick wants to make his mother feel happy. However, he is still confused in deciding it.

e. Chick’s Parent’s Divorce

After the divorce of his parents, Chick feels sad. He wants to cry but he cannot. He thinks he is the only man in that house that may not cry. He actually wants to cry but he remembers his father’s saying that as a man he should not cry. He has to be strong. He tries to behave that his father will be back. He behaves like that so that he will not cry because of remembering his father. Therefore, he does not cry at all, but he lies to himself and other people.

I remember wanting to cry myself, but it had already dawned on me that there were now three of us, not four, and I was the only male. Even at eleven, I felt an obligation to manhood.

Besides, my father used to tell me to “buck up” whenever I cried, Buck up, kid buck up.” And, like all children whose parents split, I was trying to behave in a way that would bring the missing one back. So no tears, Chick. Not for you (57-58).

The type of conflict that Chick faces is approach-avoidance conflict. The goal of this conflict is no crying. The goal has both attractive and unattractive qualitiess for him. The attractive quality is that he does not cry and lets people think that he is fine after his parents’ divorce. The unattractive goal is that he cries and lets people know that he is in a deep sorrow. The worse thing if he cries is he will break his father’s saying for him that he should not cry.

f. Chick’s Decision about His Father’s Request

One day, Chick’s father calls him and offers him a job in a baseball team. He says that he cannot go because that day is his mother’s birthday. His father keeps asking him to go. His father says that there is no tomorrow for the offer. Chick has to go on that day if he wants the job.

Chick is confused in making a decision. On one hand, he does not want to ruin his mother’s birthday. On the other hand, his father asks him to go. He remembers his mother’s saying about being a good boy. He thinks that his father robs his concentration. He knows that his mother will be disappointed if he decides to go. He thinks hard to make a decision. He finally decides to follow his father’s request to join the baseball team. Hence, he lies to everybody that he has a job outside the town. His family is disappointed, but somehow they let him go (159-161).

The type of internal conflict that he has is an avoidance-avoidance conflict. The conflict does not offer any attractive goals but unattractive goals. On one hand, if he follows his father’s offer, he will make his mother disappointed. His mother will not be happy because he leaves the birthday party. On the other hand, if he does not follow his father’s offer, his father will be mad. The conflict traps him without any good goals. He is confused to make a decision because every decision will bring disappointment for one side.

2. External Conflicts

Chick Benetto also has external conflicts in his life. This part discuses the external conflicts of Chick Benetto. The type of the external conflict is zero-sum conflict. Worchel and Cooper state that zero-sum conflict means that one’s winning is the other’s loose, since individuals think that if they cannot obtain the goal, the other side wins (463). The zero-sum conflicts are between Chick and his mother, Chick and his wife, and Chick and his sister. The zero-sum conflict is discussed below.

a. Between Chick and His Mother

Chick has a conflict with his mother when his mother picks him and his sister up from school. On that day, his mother is not in a good condition. Chick notices his mother’s condition. She does not look well. Actually his mother wants to have a time with them. She wants to buy ice cream for her children. However, Chick does not want to go. He wants to go the baseball practice. His mother asks him to skip the practice, but he refuses it. He is angry with his mother. He does not even want a fast ice cream. He does not care about her mother condition. He keeps insisting on going to the practice. They argue each other. He yells to his mother and his sister (83).

Chick keeps arguing with his mother. Actually, it is a small problem but he makes it a big problem. He has to fight with his mother because of this. In this case, one side wins and the other side loose. In this conflict Chick wins. He does not go for a fast ice cream. However, his mother looses. She cannot have a time together with her children.

The second conflict between Chick and his mother is when she finds cigarette in his drawer. His mother finds his cigarette when he is fourteen years old. She does not like this. However, Chick does not feel that he is guilty. He says that his mother is a hypocrite. His mother does not like that word. She thinks that it is impolite for him to say that word to his mother. He says that word because his mother smokes but he is not allowed to smoke. His mother takes the cigarette away from him. Nevertheless, Chick keeps yelling to his mother. He even says that he is sick of her (85).

Chick’s mother does not like the way he speaks, especially when he says that he is sick of his mother. She is very angry with him. She cannot believe that Chick speaks impolitely to his mother. Therefore, she slaps his face. She does it because she thinks that it is too much for her. Chick cannot do anything. He runs to the garage and waits there. When he gets back to his room, he hears his mother crying. He finds the cigarettes are still in the drawer and lights one up. They do not finish that problem well (86).

Chick and his mother keep on their side. They say everything to convince that they are in the right side. Both of them think that they are in the right side. In the conflict between Chick and his mother, Chick wins the conflict. His mother does not punish him. She does not even take the cigarette from his drawer. His mother can only cry in her room.

b. Between Chick and His Ex-Wife, Catherine

The second zero-sum conflict is between Chick Benetto and Catherine. After receiving a letter from his daughter, Chick feels disappointed. The letter says that his

daughter has already been married. She does not invite Chick to her wedding. He wants to ask the reason. Therefore, he calls his ex-wife at her working place. Chick feels angry. They fight on the phone. His ex-wife is annoyed with Chick because he asks her to tell the reason. He even blames her because he is not invited. He says that she cannot stand for him. In that case, it is not her idea for not inviting Chick to the wedding. It is other people’s idea. His ex-wife defends herself by saying that it is complicated because the family of their daughter’s husband also takes part in the wedding party (9-10).

Chick becomes more annoying in that conversation. He even asks his ex-wife whether she goes with someone or not. His ex-wife does not like that question. However, Chick keeps thinking that she goes with someone. He feels lonelier than before. He feels lonely because everybody leaves him. Therefore, Chick says to Catherine that he will go somewhere. However, He does not answer when his ex-wife asks him where he will go. He hangs up the phone (10).

In this conflict, Chick tries to get the reason. However, he does not get the reason for not being invited. His wife does not give a good reason for him. For his ex-wife, she cannot convince that it is not her idea. She also does not know where Chick will go. Each side gives their argument to get what they want.

c. Between Chick and His Sister, Roberta

After Chick parents’ divorce, his mother is not married to someone. Chick’s sister, Roberta, says that their mother should get married. She thinks that their mother is still pretty. She thinks that their mother deserves a new husband. However, Chick

does not agree with her. Chick forces her to tell whether their mother has a boyfriend or not. However, Roberta does not tell the truth. He thinks that his mother cannot marry someone else except his father. He thinks that nobody wants to marry her. They argue about that. Roberta is annoyed because his father does not show up. She thinks that it is fine for her mother to get married again. Hence, Chick ends the conversation. He does not want to discuss about it (126-127).

In this conflict, both sides keep in their opinion. Chick and his sister defend their opinion to get what they want. Chick keeps thinking that his mother should not get married. He thinks that nobody can replace his father’s position. Nobody is allowed to marry his mother except his father. He keeps forcing his sister telling the truth about their mother’s boyfriend. On the other hand, Chick sister thinks that their mother should get married. She thinks that their mother is still pretty. In addition, their father never shows up. She even does not know where their father is. She keeps silent about their mother’s boyfriend. She does not tell anything to Chick. Chick finally does not want to discuss it anymore. They stop arguing before finding the best solution.

C. The Resolutions to Chick’s Benetto’s Conflicts

In finishing his conflicts, Chick Benetto uses two types of resolution. He uses accommodation and avoiding types. According to Isenhart and Spangle, accommodation is type of conflict resolution where one party sacrifices their interests

and let the other party reach their goals; whereas avoiding is type of conflict where one party denies that there is a conflict, changes the topic, and avoids discussion (26). 1. Resolutions to Internal Conflicts

Chick Benetto uses accommodation when resolving his conflict of money investment. He lets the saleswoman convince him about the money. He finally invests his money to her. However, he does not get anything. The investment is a lie of the saleswoman. He lets that woman take his money away. He cannot do anything and cannot bring his money back.

Chick finally gets divorced from his wife. In resolving the divorce conflict, Chick uses accommodation to solve this conflict. He finally agrees to have divorce although he does not want it. He lets his marriage collapse and lets his wife go away from him although Chick actually does not want it. He wants to defend his marriage but he cannot.

Many problems that he gets make him live in a deep sorrow. He feels he cannot hold his problems anymore. Therefore, he wants to end his life. He thinks that by ending his life, he will not have many confusing problems. In resolving the suicide conflict, Chick uses avoiding types. He does not discuss this conflict with anybody else, but he only keeps this problem by himself. Finally, he avoids having suicide.

When Chick meets his mother, he feels awkward. It is because he meets his dead mother. His mother asks him to stay. However, he is confused to make a decision. He uses avoiding type to solve the conflict about his mother’s request. He does not discuss it anymore. He changes the topic and avoids discussing his mother’s request.

Chick’ mother also changes the topic. She does not ask the detail. However, she scoops eggs from pan and asks Chick to eat. They do not discuss it anymore.

Chick’s parents’ divorce really affects him. He is sad about this. He wants to cry but he cannot. He remembers his father’s saying that boy should not cry. In resolving this conflict, Chick uses accommodation type. He does not cry because he respects his father. He follows his father’s saying. However, he really wants to cry. He lets himself sacrifice his will.

Chick’s father’s calling makes him confused. Chick wants to stay in his mother’s birthday party, but his father asks him to go to a baseball game. He is in a dilemma. In resolving it, Chick uses accommodation type. He sacrifices his willing to stay and decides to go to the game. He also sacrifices his mother’s feeling. His mother is disappointed with his leaving. Thus, he lets his father win the conflict. He finally goes to the baseball game.

2. Resolutions to External Conflicts

Chick feels annoyed when his mother picks him and his sister up. He does not want to spend his time with his mother. Chick does not want to go with his mother and sister. He argues with her. He has a hard conversation with his mother. In resolving this conflict, accommodation type is applied. In this conflict, Chick’s mother sacrifices her goals. She cannot force Chick to go with her and his sister. He even goes out from their car. Chick’s mother cannot do anything. She lets him go to the baseball practice although she actually feels disappointed.

Chick’s next conflict with his mother is when she finds cigarettes in his drawer. His mother is very angry. Hence, Chick and his mother have a big fight. In this conflict, Chick uses avoiding resolution to solve this conflict. Chick and his mother do not finish their problem. Before finding the best solution, Chick runs to the garage and ignores his mother. In addition, Chick’s mother cries in her room without giving any punishment to Chick Benetto. This conflict ends without any better solution for both of them.

Chick has a fight with his wife in phone when he asks why he is not invited in his daughter’s wedding. Chick asks her to tell the truth. However, he does not find any good answer. On the other hand, Chick does not answer his ex-wife’s questions. They keep in their opinion. In this conflict, avoiding resolution is applied. Chick and his ex-wife do not get any satisfying answer for them. Chick does not want to discuss when his ex-wife asks where he will go. Furthermore, he hangs up the phone without giving any answers to his ex-wife.

Chick feels annoyed when his sister, Roberta, speaks about new husband for their mother. Chick does not like it. However, Roberta wants their mother has a new husband because his father never shows up anymore. They keep in their argument. In resolving this conflict, Chick Benetto uses avoiding resolution. He stops discussing that problem. He does not want to listen to his sister argument about a new husband for their mother. Therefore, he stops his call to his sister immediately.

48 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGETIONS

This chapter consists of two main parts. The first part is the conclusion of the analysis. The second part is the suggestions consisting of the suggestion for firther researchers and the use of literary works in English teaching learning. The suggestions provide the implementation of literary works in teaching reading and speaking.

A. Conclusions

There are three problem formulations in this study. The researcher finds the answers to those three problem formulations. There are three conclusions drawn from the answers to the problem formulations. The first is the description of Chick Benetto’s characters. The second is the conflicts faced by Chick Benetto. The last is the resolutions taken by Chick Benetto to solve his conflicts.

The researcher is able to find out Chick Benetto’s character using the theory of characterization by Murphy. His character can be seen from his manner, speech, reaction, and thought. The researcher finds out that Chick Benetto is messy, rude, selfish, rebellious, introvert, dishonest, tender, and wishy-washy.

The next conclusion is the conflicts faced by Chick Benetto. Chick faces internal and external conflicts. Chick faces many conflicts since his childhood. His internal conflicts are money investment, his decision about the divorce, suicide, his mother’s

Possible answer:

In my opinion, I agree with divorce if there is no another way to solve the problems. Divorce always influences the children’s life. Some children will be sad and angry with the divorce. However, some children think that it is the best way for their family. They even life happier after the divorce.

Appendix 4

Learning Material Topic : Divorce

Source : Mitch Albom’s For One More Day pp. 64-67 (See Appendix ) A. Vocabulary Building

Read the text and find the meaning of these words by guessing from the context! Then check your answers by consulting your dictionary.

1. Split up (v) 6. Apron (n) 2. Flick (n) 7. Bats (v) 3. Oddity (n) 8. Bothered (v) 4. Outfit (n) 9. Squinted (v) 5. Handout (n) 10. Shrugged (v)

B. Comprehension Questions Answer these following questions!

1. What did Chick’s mother ask when she dropped Chick and his sister? 2. What kind of handout did he get?

3. Who gave the handouts to Chick Benetto? 4. Did Chick’s mother accept the handouts? Why? 5. What was the name of the baseball game?

C. Oral Reflection

After answering the questions, share your comment/opinion about the issue of the passage orally by answering this questions:

1. Have you known about divorce?

2. What do you think about divorce? Do you agree or disagree? Why? 3. What are the effects of divorce to the children?

ABSTRACT

Dewanti, Esti. (2009). A Study of Chick Benetto’s Conflicts as Seen in Mitch Albom’s For One More Day. Yogyakarta: English Language Education Study Program, Department of Language and Arts Education, Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Sanata Dharma University

This thesis discuses the conflict faced by Chick Benetto as the major character of Mitch Albom’s For One More Day. In his life, Chick faces many conflicts. His conflicts make him try to end his life.

This study aims to find out how Chick Benetto is characterized, what conflicts he faces, and what resolutions to Chick’s Benetto’s conflicts. There are three problem formulations in this thesis. They are: 1). How is Chick Benetto characterized in For One More Day? 2). What are the conflicts faced by Chick Benetto? 3). What are the resolutions to Chick Benetto’s conflicts?

This study is a library research. This study uses two kinds of sources, namely primary and secondary sources. The primary source is the novel, For One More Day. The secondary sources are taken from some books related to the theory, such as theory of critical approach, theory of character and characterization, theory of conflict, theory of conflict resolution, and some reviews about types and reasons of suicide. This study applies psychological approach to analyze the conflicts and the resolutions of the conflict.

From the analysis, there are three main points drawn. First, Chick Benetto is a person who is messy, rude, selfish, rebellious, introvert, dishonest, tender, and wishy-washy. Chick’s characters are seen from his manner, speech, reaction, and thought. Second, Chick faces two kinds of conflict, namely internal conflict and external conflict. The internal conflicts are money investment, Chick’s decision about the divorce, suicide, Chick’s mother’s request, Chick’s parents’ divorce, and Chick’s decision about his father’s request. The type of the external conflict is zero-sum conflict. The conflicts are between Chick and his mother, between Chick and his ex-wife, between Chick and his sister. Third, in solving the conflicts, Chick uses accommodation and avoiding types.

The thesis ends with suggestions for the future researchers and teaching learning activity. This thesis can be used for the future researcher as information in analyzing the novel For One More Day. There is also suggestion for using the novel For One More Day in Intensive Reading II Class in English Language Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma University.

ABSTRAK

Dewanti, Esti. (2009). A Study of Chick Benetto’s Conflicts as Seen in Mitch Albom’s For One More Day. Yogyakarta: Program Studi Bahasa Inggris, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Seni, Fakultas Keguruan and Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sanata Dharma.

Skripsi ini membahas tentang konflik yang dihadapi oleh Chick Benetto sebagai tokoh utama dalam For One More Day karya Mitch Albom. Dalam kehidupannya, Chick menghadapi begitu banyak konflik. Konflik-konflik itu membuat dia mencoba untuk bunuh diri.

Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagamaina Chick Benetto dikarakterisasikan, konflik apa saja yang dia hadapi, dan pemecahan masalah yang diambil untuk menyelesaikan konflik-konflik tersebut. Ada tiga rumusan masalah dalam skripsi ini. Rumusan-rumusan masalah itu adalah: 1). Bagaimana Chick Benetto dikarakterisasikan dalam For One More Day? 2). Apa saja konflik yang dihadapi oleh Chick Benetto? 3). Apa saja pemecahan konflik untuk konflik tersebut? Skipsi ini adalah penelitian perpustakaan. Skripsi ini mengunakan dua macam sumber, yaitu sumber utama dan sumber kedua. Sumber utama adalah novel For One More Day. Sumber kedua diambil dari beberapa buku yang berhubungan dengan topik dari skripsi ini, seperti teori tentang karakter dan penokohan, teori tentang konflik, teori tentang pemecahan masalah, dan beberapa sumber tentang tipe dan alas-an oralas-ang untuk bunuh diri. Skripsi ini menggunakalas-an pendekatalas-an psikologi untuk menganalisa konflik dan pemecahan masalah dari konflik tersebut.

Dari pembahasan, terdapat tiga poin utama. Pertama, Chick Benetto adalah orang yang berantakan, kasar, egois, pemberontak, tertutup, tidak jujur, penyayang dan plin-plan. Karakter Chick dapat dilihat dari kelakuannya, perkataannya, reaksinya, dan pikirannya. Kedua, Chick menghadapi dua macam konflik, yaitu internal konflik dan eksternal konflik. Internal konfliknya adalah investasi uang, keputusan Chick tentang perceraiannya, bunuh diri, permintaan ibu Chick, perceraian orang tua Chick, dan keputusan Chick tentang permintaan ayahnya. Tipe dari eksternal konflik yang dihadapi oleh Chick adalah zero-sum konflik. Konflik tersebut antara Chick dengan ibunya, Chick dengan mantan istrinya, dan Chick dengan adik perempuannya. Ketiga dalam meneyelesaikan konflik tersebut, Chick menggunakan pemecahan konflik jenis akomodasi dan menghindar.

Skripsi ini diakhiri dengan saran untuk peneliti di masa yang akan datang dan aktivitas belajar dan pembelajaran. Thesis ini dapat digunakan untuk peneliti yang akan datang sebagai informasi dalam menganalisa novel For One more Day. Terdapat juga saran untuk menggunakan novel For One More Day di kelas Intensive Reading II di Program Study Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Universitas Sanata Dharma.