Theoretical Framework REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

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B. Theoretical Framework

This section reviews the relationship between the research conducted by the researcher and the related theories. This research focuses on students’ perception of their questioning skill performance in Microteaching class. In order to understand and find the results of this research, the researcher needs to find the theories related to the keywords of this research. The keywords of this research are Microteaching, questioning skill, and perception. KPE 361 Microteaching is a course which aimed at helping the students understand the concept and procedure of the English language teaching and is able to apply them in a real classroom teaching situation and to evaluate their teaching performance Panduan Akademik, 2009. Referring to the theoretical description, Microteaching involves the simplified teaching situation which allows the Microteaching students to practice and master each skill of the basic teaching skills McLoughin Moulton, 1975. Questioning skill is one of the basic teaching skills that need to be mastered by the students Purnomo et al., 2008. Question itself is “Any statement which tests and creates knowledge in the learner” Brown, 1978. Carin and Sund 1978 define questioning as an activity in the teaching learning process to help the students find their own discoveries and develop the critical thinking of the student in order to gain more knowledge. Skill is “the consistent production of movements which are learned and specific to the task” McMorris, 2004, p.2. So, in this research, questioning skill is an ability to conduct an activity in the teaching learning process which tests and creates knowledge in the learner. As for definition of perception, the researcher sees 21 perception as “a mental and cognitive process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings” Kreitner Kinicki, 2008, p.183. According to George and Jones 2005, there are three components of perception, they are the perceiver, the target of perception, and the situation. George and Jones 2005 also state that the perceivers’ experience or knowledge schemas, their needs and desires motivational states, and their feelings moods can influence their perception. Referring to the basic concept of Perceptual psychology, someone’s behaviour is the result of how he sees himself, how he sees the situation in which he is involved and the interrelationships between the two aspects. It means that the individual’s perception about the things surrounds himher can affect hisher behaviour NADEC-Philippines Journal, 1986. To answer the first research question on how the questioning skill is implemented in Microteaching class by the students who act as a teacher, the researcher will rely on the theories proposed by Brown 1978, Cooper 2011, and Kerry 1982. The researcher will find out the importance or the purpose of questioning by relying on Kerry’s theory. The researcher will also rely on the eight elements in implementing questioning skill and level of questions theory, which is proposed by Brown 1978. To answer the second research question, related to the students’ perception of their questioning skill performance, the researcher will rely on the theory of perception proposed by George and Jones 2005, and Kreitner and kinicki 2008. To identify the perception itself, the researcher will rely on the theory stated by Kreitner and Kinicki 2008. The researcher then will strengthen 22 Kreitner and Kinicki’s theory by adding the theory of components of perception and factors which affect someone’s perception, proposed by George and Jones 2005. To answer the third research question, the researcher will rely on the feedback theories proposed by Lewis 2002, Sadler 1989 , and Brown, Bull, and Pendlebury 1997. The researcher would like to know the students’ feedback to improve the student’s questioning skill performance in Microteaching class by answering the third research question. 23

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the researcher discusses the methodology used in conducting the research. The research methodology consists of six parts. They are the research method, research setting, research participants, instruments, data gathering technique, data analysis technique and research procedure.

A. Research Method

In order to answer the research problems, the researcher employed survey method in this research. As it is stated by Wiersma 1995 “Surveys are used to measure attitudes, opinions, or achievements – any number of variables in natural setting” p.169. As Johnson and Onwuegbuzie write, “What is most fundamental is the research question-research methods should follow research questions in a way that offers the best chance to obtain useful answers” as cited in Ary, Jacobs Sorensen, 2010, p.24. Therefore, the researcher utilized observation, questionnaire, and focus group discussion as the research instruments. Questionnaires and focus group discussion are commonly used to collect data related to inner experience, opinions, values, interest, beliefs, and attitudes Gall Borg, 2007, p.263. Besides, Gall and Borg 2007 also state that an observation is also needed because by observing the participants’ behaviour would provide the researcher with more accurate or objective data p.263.