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is used because it concerns with personality development of a child. In this approach, the writer emphasizes on human psychology which consist of creativity,
behavior, motivation, and thought aspects that influence the literary work. The analysis of this study is mainly on the characters, the teaching style, and the
personality development underlying the characters’ action. Those three elements are subordinate to the psychology field. Rohrberger and Woods 1971 say that
the proponent of this approach insists on the idea that each character’s behavior refers to the psychology of human being.
2. Character and Characterization
In understanding any literary work, especially a novel, the readers should have their own ideas about the story. A story cannot be separated from its
elements, including character and characterization. Therefore, the writer discusses the theory of character and characterization in this part. These theories are to find
out the characters of the main character in the novel.
a. Character
Every story has some important elements. One of the important elements in the story is character. Therefore, the theories of character and characterization
are needed to conduct this study. A character is the person presented in a dramatic or narrative, who are
interpreted by the readers as being endowed with moral, dispositional, and emotional qualities that expressed in the dialogue and the action
Abrams, 1981, p. 20.
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Character in a story can be categorized into two types, major character and minor character. According to Stanton 1965, major character is a character that
may dominate the whole story and is frequently presented in it. Meanwhile, minor character is presented in order to explain and help the others character, especially
the major character pp. 17-18. Perrine 1974 classifies fictional characters into static and dynamic
character. Static characters are character that changes little in their outlook or personalities during the course of the study. They are described without many
details and they are not changed by circumstances. Dynamic characters are those who undergo changes in some aspects of their characters, personalities or outlook
from the beginning to the end of the story. The changes could be for better or for worse and may be a large or small one, but it is something that is important and
basic, and more than a minor change in opinion p. 71. Foster 1974, p. 21 states that there are two kinds of character. Those are
flat and round character. Flat character is a static character which develops in a single idea or quality. There is no detail of the character in the novel and we see
only one side of the character, while round character is dynamic and complex in temperament. It is not just static but also dynamic and always changes, therefore
the action of the character is unpredictable or hard to guess by the reader, and rather difficult to be described.
