AN ANALYSIS OF IDIOM TRANSLATION STRATEGY USED BY MONICA DWI CHRESNAYANI IN TRANSLATING “P.S I LOVE YOU” NOVEL OF CECELIA AHERN
AN ANALYSIS OF IDIOM TRANSLATION STRATEGY USED
BY MONICA DWI CHRESNAYANI IN TRANSLATING
“P.S I LOVE YOU” NOVEL OF CECELIA AHERN
THESIS
By:
NIKITA ARI PRADINA
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
SEPTEMBER 2015
AN ANALYSIS OF IDIOM TRANSLATION STRATEGY USED
BY MONICA DWI CHRESNAYANI IN TRANSLATING
“P.S I LOVE YOU” NOVEL OF CECELIA AHERN
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
By:
NIKITA ARI PRADINA
201010100311318
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
SEPTEMBER 2015
i
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
Motto
“Surely, with hardship comes ease,"
-Surah Al-Insyirah, Ayat: 6-
“All our dreams can come true if we have the courage to pursue them”
-Walt Disney-
Dedication
As a writer, I dedicate this thesis to:
My beloved parents, Bapak Tarso and Ibuk Giarti
My dearly loved siblings, Ari Pratama and Agita Nurul A.
The son of Bapak H. Bambang Hadi, S.H, Rahmat Suryo Putro
and all his family members
iv
AN ANALYSIS OF IDIOM TRANSLATION STRATEGY USED
BY MONICA DWI CHRESNAYANI IN TRANSLATING
“P.S I LOVE YOU” NOVEL OF CECELIA AHERN
ABSTRACT
This study aimed at identifying the strategy used by Monica Dwi
Chresnayani as a translator in translating idioms found in Cecelia Ahern’s novel
entitled “P.S I Love You” into Bahasa Indonesia. Moreover, the scope of this
study is limited to the classification of the strategy used for translating decoding
idioms, based on Mona Baker’s theory in her book “In Other Words, a
coursebook on Translation.
This study used descriptive research design. It was intended to describe the
idiom translation phenomenon. The data of this study are sentences containing
decoding idiom found in English version of “P.S I Love You” novel, its
translation results in Bahasa Indonesia, and the strategy to translate each of them.
The main instrument which is used in collecting the data in this study is the
researcher herself.
The findings of this study reveal that idiom translation strategy by
paraphrase is the most common strategy used by the translator in translating
decoding idioms found in “P.S I Love You” novel. Meanwhile, the second most
common strategy is the strategy of using idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar
form. Then, it is followed by the next strategy which is translating by omission,
and the last is the strategy of using an idiom of similar meaning and form.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the main four strategies of translating idiom
suggested by Baker were all applied by the translator.
Keywords: idiom, decoding idiom, idiom translation strategy
The Advisor I,
The Writer,
Dr. Masduki, M.Pd
Nikita Ari Pradina
v
ACKNOWLEGMENTS
Alhamdulillaahirobbil ‘alamin. The first and foremost, I would like to
thank Allah SWT, the Compassionate and Merciful, for blessings that enable me
to finish this thesis.
I would also like to express my deepest gratitude to Bapak Dr. Masduki,
M.Pd as my first advisor, and Bapak Drs. Jarum, M.Ed as my second advisor, for
their valuable time, advice, correction, motivation, and guidance in the process of
accomplishing this thesis. My gratitude also goes to all lecturers of English
Department in the University of Muhammadiyah Malang for their invaluable
knowledge and guidance that have been shared during my study in this university.
The greatest honor and appreciation would be dedicated to my beloved
parents, Bapak Tarso and Ibuk Giarti, for their never-ending love and prayer.
Thank you for every encouragement and sacrifice you do for the sake of my
success. To my brother (Ari Pratama), my sister (Agita Nurul A.), and the best
partner (Rahmat Suryo Putro), thank you for every prayer, help, and
understanding that has been given to me in conducting this study.
Last but not least, I would also addressed my greatest thank to all my
friends in F-Class for always giving me a helping hand, support and motivation to
finish up this thesis. Moreover, since my home is far from campus, I would like to
thank my besties; Enia, Rizka, Vira, and Feny for always allowing me to stay in
their room, sharing everything and being such a good companion during my study
in this university.
Finally, I realize that this thesis is far from being perfect; however hard I
tried to do my best. Yet, I hope this little piece of writing will be beneficial for
those who have interest in the study of the phenomena of translation. I would
gratefully accept any comments and suggestions for the betterment of this thesis.
Malang, August 31st 2015
Nikita Ari Pradina
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ........................................................................................................... i
LEGALIZATION ................................................................................................. ii
LETTER OF AUTHENCITY ............................................................................. iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ............................................................................ iv
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................. vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................... vii
CHAPTER I Introduction .....................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the Study....................................................................................1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................4
1.3 Purpose of the Study ..........................................................................................4
1.4 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................4
1.5 Scope and Limitation .........................................................................................5
1.6 Definition of Key Terms ....................................................................................5
CHAPTER II Review of Related Literature .......................................................7
2.1 Translation..........................................................................................................7
2.2 Idiom ..................................................................................................................8
2.3 The Difficulties of Translating Idiom ................................................................9
2.4 Classification of Idiom .....................................................................................11
1. Decoding and Encoding Idiom ......................................................................12
2. Grammatical and Extra-grammatical Idiom ..................................................12
3. Substantive and Formal Idiom ......................................................................13
4. Idiom with and without Pragmatic Point .......................................................13
2.5 Idiom Translation Strategy...............................................................................13
2.5.1 Using an idiom of similar meaning and form ...............................................14
2.5.2 Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form ...............................14
2.5.3 Translation by paraphrase .............................................................................14
2.5.4 Translation by omission ................................................................................15
CHAPTER III Research Methodology ..............................................................16
3.1 Research Design ...............................................................................................16
3.2 Research Object ...............................................................................................16
3.3 Data ..................................................................................................................17
3.4 Source of the Data ............................................................................................17
3.5 Data Collection.................................................................................................17
3.6 Data Analysis ...................................................................................................19
CHAPTER IV Finding and Discussion ..............................................................21
4.1 Research Findings ............................................................................................21
4.1.1 An Analysis of Idiom Translation Strategy ............................................21
4.1.1.1 Analysis of Using Idiom of Similar Meaning and Form
Strategy ........................................................................................22
4.1.1.2 Analysis of Using Idiom of Similar Meaning but Dissimilar Form
Strategy .......................................................................................23
4.1.1.3 Analysis of Using Paraphrase Strategy .....................................26
4.1.1.4 Analysis of Using Omission Strategy........................................45
4.2 Discussion ........................................................................................................46
CHAPTER V Conclusion and Suggestion .........................................................50
5.1 Conclusion .......................................................................................................50
5.2 Suggestions ......................................................................................................51
1. For Translator ................................................................................................51
2. For English Language Department ................................................................51
3. For Other Researcher.....................................................................................51
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ahern, Cecelia. 2004. P.S. I Love You. Ireland: Thorndike Press
Ahern, Cecelia. 2004. P.S. I Love You. Translated by: Monica Dwi Chresnayani.
Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama
Ary, Donald, Jacobs, C.L, Sorensen, Christine K . 2010. Introduction to Research
in Education. Eight Edition. United States: Wadsworth.
Baker, M. 1992. In Other Words: A Course Book in Translation. London:
Routledge.
Basnett, Susan. 2002. Translation Studies. London: Routledge
Bogdan, Robert, and Sari Knopp Biklen. 1998. Qualitative Research for
Education. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Bull, Victoria. 2008. Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary. Oxford University
Press
CALD3. 2008. Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary. 3rd ed. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Catford, J.C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford
University Press.
Farlex. 2007. The Free Dictionary. Cited in: http://www.thefreedictionary.com,
accesed on July 2015
Fillmore, Charles, Kay, Paul, and O’Connor, M. (1988). Regularity and
Idiomaticity in Grammatical Constructions: The Case of Let Alone.
Language 64, 501–538.
Hatim, B and Munday, J. 2004. Translation an Advanced Resource Book. New
York: Routledge
Machali, Rochayah. 1998. Redefining Textual Equivalence in Translation.
Jakarta: Faculty of Arts
Munday, Jeremy. 2001. Introducing Translation Studies. London: Routledge
Newmark, P. 1988. A Text book of Translation. London: Prentice Hall
International, ltd.
Novianti, Eva. 2012. An Analysis of the Translation Strategies of Idiomatic
Expressions in Lewis Carroll‟s Alice in Wonderland in Its Translation by
Khairi Rumanti. Thesis. Yogyakarta: Faculty of Language and Arts,
Yogyakarta State University
Sari, Sabricha Utama. 2013. Strategies in Translating Idiomatic Expressions of
Phrasal Verb in Terrence Blacker‟s Bilingual Novel “Ms Wiz Goes
Live” into “Mz Wiz Jadi Bintang Televisi by Mala Suhendra. Thesis.
Semarang: Faculty of Humanities, Dian Nuswantoro University
Siefrieng, Judith. 2004.Oxford Dictionary of Idioms. United States: Oxford
University Press
Spears, Richard A. 2000. NTC‟s American Idioms Dictionary. United States of
America: The Mc Graw-Hill Companies
Tim Primapena. 2004. Kamus Idiom Edisi Lengkap. Jawa Timur: Gitamedia Press
Tigerliras. 2010. Bahasa Tubuh Manusia: pada Bagian Tubuh di atas Kepala
[Online], www.mosesgusmao.wordpress.com/2010/07/21/bahasa-tubuhmanusiapada-bagian-tubuh-diatas-kepala
http://ebookkyy.blogspot.com, accesed on September 2013
www.dictionary.cambridge.org, accesed on July 2015
www.idioMeanings.com accesed on July 2015
www.ldoceonline.com accesed on July 2015
www.macmillandictionary.com accesed on July 2015
www.slang.ie, accesed on July 2015
www.wikipedia.org, accesed on July 2015
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Chapter I of this study presents such topics as: background of study,
statement of problem, purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope and
limitation, and definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study
Language is an important tool of communication. Through language we
can express our opinion, ideas, thoughts, felling and even the culture. If there were
no language, there would be miscommunication, and as a human being, we will
get difficulties in having interaction with others. Besides, the existence of a
language can be used as a media for the transmission of informative messages.
At this moment, information has become a need for most people. To do
the information exchanges globally, we need to use a certain language that can be
understood by people from different countries. As we know, there are many
languages in the world and some of them have become an international language.
International language is a language that is used as a means of communication
among nations. English is one part of the international languages which almost
used by many people in the world either orally or even in written form. There
were many English writing products have been published abroad. However, some
people in certain target country may do not understand well when they read it as
English is a non-native language for them. Dealing with that problem, translation
is needed to transfer information from foreign languages and in order to make
communication among people with various languages possible.
1
Newmark (1988: 5) states that, “Translation is rendering the meaning of a
text into another language in the way that the author intended the text.” It means
when a text is translated from source language to the target language, the meaning
must be held constant.
The activity of translating is very complicated since there are some aspects
which have to be considered by a translator. Translation requires a linguistic
knowledge, more specifically grammatical knowledge and versatility in semantic
analysis. The translator should also understand some aspects which are related to
the translation process such as the strategy, method, or technique because the
process of translation is more than translating sentence after sentence, but must
also brings the same intention of the author naturally. Therefore, the translator
plays an important role in transferring the information or message from the source
language to the target language.
Nowadays, there are many international scientific or non-scientific books
which have been published abroad and translated into various languages as well.
In studying translation, it is important to have this kind of bilingual or
multilingual printed media because it could help students in comparing between
the language use of the source text (ST) and the language use of target text (TT).
It can also be helpful for the lecturer because it can be used as an additional
medium of teaching.
Novel is one example of non-scientific book which is often made into two
language or more. There are a lot of famous international novels which were
published in Indonesia and some of them have also been translated into Bahasa
Indonesia, for example the series of “Harry Potter” by J.K Rowling,, “Twilight
2
Saga” by Stephanie Mayer, “Lord of the Ring” by J.R.R Tolkien and many
others. To translate this kind of literary work is rather complicated because it will
always relate to a language style which surely different between the source
language and target language, figurative language, idiom, and so on.
An idiom is an expression, that is a term or phrase which the meaning
cannot be deduced from the literal definitions and the arrangement of its part, but
refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only through common use
(www.wikipedia.com/idiom). Looking on that definition, an idiom may be one of
the problematic factors that will be faced by a translator because the meaning
cannot be understood by looking at its individual word. To cope with that case,
there are some idiom translation strategies mentioned by many experts. One of
them is Baker (1992:72-78), who presents four strategies for translating idioms:
(1) using an idiom of similar meaning and form, (2) using an idiom of similar
meaning but dissimilar form, (3) translation by paraphrase, and (4) translation by
omission.
A previous study conducted by Sari (UDINUS, 2013) which analyzed the
strategy used by Mala Suhendra in translating idiomatic expressions of phrasal
verb in „Ms Wiz Goes Live‟ novel, found that from 45 idiomatic expressions of
phrasal verb were 95.55% translated by using similar meaning and dissimilar form
strategy. Besides, another results of the study which was done by Novianti (UNY,
2012), under the title “An Analysis of the Translation Strategies of Idiomatic
Expressions in Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland in Its Translation by Khairi
Rumanti” showed that paraphrase strategy was in the highest rank of the most
applied strategy (403 out of 445 cases).
3
Idiom is sometimes hard to be understood by people, yet it is always
interesting to be learned because studying about idiom which is especially not
from our own native language, means that we also learn about the culture of a
country where those idioms come from. An idiom may have no equivalence in the
target language, but it doesn’t mean that it is untranslatable for there are many
strategies to overcome this problem. By those motivations, the researcher is
interested to analyze the strategy that is used by Monica Dwi Chresnayani in
translating idioms found in “P.S. I Love You” novel by Cecelia Ahern.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The problem in this research is, “What are the strategies used by Monica Dwi
Chresnayani as a translator in translating idioms found in Cecelia Ahern’s novel
“P.S. I Love You”?“
1.3 Purpose of the Study
In line with the statement of the problem above, so the aim of this study is,
“To identify the strategies used by Monica Dwi Chresnayani in translating idioms
found in Cecelia Ahern’s novel entitled “P.S. I Love You” into Bahasa
Indonesia.”
1.4 Significance of the Study
The result of this study could be used as an additional reference for the
readers, especially for students of English department who have the same interest
in translation, to get to know more about idioms and the strategy in translating
4
them from one language to another language. This study could also give better
understanding, especially in understanding the idioms found in novel.
1.5 The Scope and Limitation
This study analyses the translation of idioms in Cecelia Ahern’s novel
entitled “P.S. I Love You. The scope of this study is limited to the classification of
the strategy used by Monica Dwi Chresnayani as a translator in translating
decoding idioms found in “P.S. I Love You” novel, based on Mona Baker’s theory
in her book “In Other Words, a coursebook on Translation. The explanations of
what decoding idiom is and the theory of idiom translation strategy by Mona
Baker will be clarified further in chapter II.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
To avoid misunderstanding on the concept that used in this study, the
researcher presents, the definition of the key terms as follows:
Idiom is an expression that the meaning cannot be predicted from the
literal definitions of its constituents.
Translation is a process of rendering a text from a certain language to
another language which also has to hold the intention of the author constantly.
Strategy, is a plan intended to achieve a particular purpose (Oxford
Learner’s Pocket Dictionary, 2008:439)
In this case, translation strategies consist of alternatives a translator has in
translating a specific English idioms expression into its Indonesian equivalent for
5
the best understanding of Indonesian readers. Baker (1992:72-78) mentioned four
(4) strategies are workable in idiomatic translation and will be discussed further.
Novel is a work of literature written in a form of prose which contains
fiction of real story.
“P.S. I Love You” novel is a first novel of an Irish writer, Cecelia Ahern.
This novel published in 2004 and reached No. 1 best-seller status in Ireland (for
19 weeks), Britain, the United States, Germany, and the Netherlands. This is a
kind of romance novel which tells about Holly, a woman who was left by Gerry,
her husband, because Gerry’s life was taken by his serious disease, brain tumor.
Monica Dwi Chresnayani is a translator. She has translated many popular
novels and one of them is a novel by Cecelia Ahern, “P.S. I Love You”.
6
BY MONICA DWI CHRESNAYANI IN TRANSLATING
“P.S I LOVE YOU” NOVEL OF CECELIA AHERN
THESIS
By:
NIKITA ARI PRADINA
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
SEPTEMBER 2015
AN ANALYSIS OF IDIOM TRANSLATION STRATEGY USED
BY MONICA DWI CHRESNAYANI IN TRANSLATING
“P.S I LOVE YOU” NOVEL OF CECELIA AHERN
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
By:
NIKITA ARI PRADINA
201010100311318
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
SEPTEMBER 2015
i
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
Motto
“Surely, with hardship comes ease,"
-Surah Al-Insyirah, Ayat: 6-
“All our dreams can come true if we have the courage to pursue them”
-Walt Disney-
Dedication
As a writer, I dedicate this thesis to:
My beloved parents, Bapak Tarso and Ibuk Giarti
My dearly loved siblings, Ari Pratama and Agita Nurul A.
The son of Bapak H. Bambang Hadi, S.H, Rahmat Suryo Putro
and all his family members
iv
AN ANALYSIS OF IDIOM TRANSLATION STRATEGY USED
BY MONICA DWI CHRESNAYANI IN TRANSLATING
“P.S I LOVE YOU” NOVEL OF CECELIA AHERN
ABSTRACT
This study aimed at identifying the strategy used by Monica Dwi
Chresnayani as a translator in translating idioms found in Cecelia Ahern’s novel
entitled “P.S I Love You” into Bahasa Indonesia. Moreover, the scope of this
study is limited to the classification of the strategy used for translating decoding
idioms, based on Mona Baker’s theory in her book “In Other Words, a
coursebook on Translation.
This study used descriptive research design. It was intended to describe the
idiom translation phenomenon. The data of this study are sentences containing
decoding idiom found in English version of “P.S I Love You” novel, its
translation results in Bahasa Indonesia, and the strategy to translate each of them.
The main instrument which is used in collecting the data in this study is the
researcher herself.
The findings of this study reveal that idiom translation strategy by
paraphrase is the most common strategy used by the translator in translating
decoding idioms found in “P.S I Love You” novel. Meanwhile, the second most
common strategy is the strategy of using idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar
form. Then, it is followed by the next strategy which is translating by omission,
and the last is the strategy of using an idiom of similar meaning and form.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the main four strategies of translating idiom
suggested by Baker were all applied by the translator.
Keywords: idiom, decoding idiom, idiom translation strategy
The Advisor I,
The Writer,
Dr. Masduki, M.Pd
Nikita Ari Pradina
v
ACKNOWLEGMENTS
Alhamdulillaahirobbil ‘alamin. The first and foremost, I would like to
thank Allah SWT, the Compassionate and Merciful, for blessings that enable me
to finish this thesis.
I would also like to express my deepest gratitude to Bapak Dr. Masduki,
M.Pd as my first advisor, and Bapak Drs. Jarum, M.Ed as my second advisor, for
their valuable time, advice, correction, motivation, and guidance in the process of
accomplishing this thesis. My gratitude also goes to all lecturers of English
Department in the University of Muhammadiyah Malang for their invaluable
knowledge and guidance that have been shared during my study in this university.
The greatest honor and appreciation would be dedicated to my beloved
parents, Bapak Tarso and Ibuk Giarti, for their never-ending love and prayer.
Thank you for every encouragement and sacrifice you do for the sake of my
success. To my brother (Ari Pratama), my sister (Agita Nurul A.), and the best
partner (Rahmat Suryo Putro), thank you for every prayer, help, and
understanding that has been given to me in conducting this study.
Last but not least, I would also addressed my greatest thank to all my
friends in F-Class for always giving me a helping hand, support and motivation to
finish up this thesis. Moreover, since my home is far from campus, I would like to
thank my besties; Enia, Rizka, Vira, and Feny for always allowing me to stay in
their room, sharing everything and being such a good companion during my study
in this university.
Finally, I realize that this thesis is far from being perfect; however hard I
tried to do my best. Yet, I hope this little piece of writing will be beneficial for
those who have interest in the study of the phenomena of translation. I would
gratefully accept any comments and suggestions for the betterment of this thesis.
Malang, August 31st 2015
Nikita Ari Pradina
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ........................................................................................................... i
LEGALIZATION ................................................................................................. ii
LETTER OF AUTHENCITY ............................................................................. iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ............................................................................ iv
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................. vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................... vii
CHAPTER I Introduction .....................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the Study....................................................................................1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................4
1.3 Purpose of the Study ..........................................................................................4
1.4 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................4
1.5 Scope and Limitation .........................................................................................5
1.6 Definition of Key Terms ....................................................................................5
CHAPTER II Review of Related Literature .......................................................7
2.1 Translation..........................................................................................................7
2.2 Idiom ..................................................................................................................8
2.3 The Difficulties of Translating Idiom ................................................................9
2.4 Classification of Idiom .....................................................................................11
1. Decoding and Encoding Idiom ......................................................................12
2. Grammatical and Extra-grammatical Idiom ..................................................12
3. Substantive and Formal Idiom ......................................................................13
4. Idiom with and without Pragmatic Point .......................................................13
2.5 Idiom Translation Strategy...............................................................................13
2.5.1 Using an idiom of similar meaning and form ...............................................14
2.5.2 Using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form ...............................14
2.5.3 Translation by paraphrase .............................................................................14
2.5.4 Translation by omission ................................................................................15
CHAPTER III Research Methodology ..............................................................16
3.1 Research Design ...............................................................................................16
3.2 Research Object ...............................................................................................16
3.3 Data ..................................................................................................................17
3.4 Source of the Data ............................................................................................17
3.5 Data Collection.................................................................................................17
3.6 Data Analysis ...................................................................................................19
CHAPTER IV Finding and Discussion ..............................................................21
4.1 Research Findings ............................................................................................21
4.1.1 An Analysis of Idiom Translation Strategy ............................................21
4.1.1.1 Analysis of Using Idiom of Similar Meaning and Form
Strategy ........................................................................................22
4.1.1.2 Analysis of Using Idiom of Similar Meaning but Dissimilar Form
Strategy .......................................................................................23
4.1.1.3 Analysis of Using Paraphrase Strategy .....................................26
4.1.1.4 Analysis of Using Omission Strategy........................................45
4.2 Discussion ........................................................................................................46
CHAPTER V Conclusion and Suggestion .........................................................50
5.1 Conclusion .......................................................................................................50
5.2 Suggestions ......................................................................................................51
1. For Translator ................................................................................................51
2. For English Language Department ................................................................51
3. For Other Researcher.....................................................................................51
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ahern, Cecelia. 2004. P.S. I Love You. Ireland: Thorndike Press
Ahern, Cecelia. 2004. P.S. I Love You. Translated by: Monica Dwi Chresnayani.
Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama
Ary, Donald, Jacobs, C.L, Sorensen, Christine K . 2010. Introduction to Research
in Education. Eight Edition. United States: Wadsworth.
Baker, M. 1992. In Other Words: A Course Book in Translation. London:
Routledge.
Basnett, Susan. 2002. Translation Studies. London: Routledge
Bogdan, Robert, and Sari Knopp Biklen. 1998. Qualitative Research for
Education. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Bull, Victoria. 2008. Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary. Oxford University
Press
CALD3. 2008. Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary. 3rd ed. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Catford, J.C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford
University Press.
Farlex. 2007. The Free Dictionary. Cited in: http://www.thefreedictionary.com,
accesed on July 2015
Fillmore, Charles, Kay, Paul, and O’Connor, M. (1988). Regularity and
Idiomaticity in Grammatical Constructions: The Case of Let Alone.
Language 64, 501–538.
Hatim, B and Munday, J. 2004. Translation an Advanced Resource Book. New
York: Routledge
Machali, Rochayah. 1998. Redefining Textual Equivalence in Translation.
Jakarta: Faculty of Arts
Munday, Jeremy. 2001. Introducing Translation Studies. London: Routledge
Newmark, P. 1988. A Text book of Translation. London: Prentice Hall
International, ltd.
Novianti, Eva. 2012. An Analysis of the Translation Strategies of Idiomatic
Expressions in Lewis Carroll‟s Alice in Wonderland in Its Translation by
Khairi Rumanti. Thesis. Yogyakarta: Faculty of Language and Arts,
Yogyakarta State University
Sari, Sabricha Utama. 2013. Strategies in Translating Idiomatic Expressions of
Phrasal Verb in Terrence Blacker‟s Bilingual Novel “Ms Wiz Goes
Live” into “Mz Wiz Jadi Bintang Televisi by Mala Suhendra. Thesis.
Semarang: Faculty of Humanities, Dian Nuswantoro University
Siefrieng, Judith. 2004.Oxford Dictionary of Idioms. United States: Oxford
University Press
Spears, Richard A. 2000. NTC‟s American Idioms Dictionary. United States of
America: The Mc Graw-Hill Companies
Tim Primapena. 2004. Kamus Idiom Edisi Lengkap. Jawa Timur: Gitamedia Press
Tigerliras. 2010. Bahasa Tubuh Manusia: pada Bagian Tubuh di atas Kepala
[Online], www.mosesgusmao.wordpress.com/2010/07/21/bahasa-tubuhmanusiapada-bagian-tubuh-diatas-kepala
http://ebookkyy.blogspot.com, accesed on September 2013
www.dictionary.cambridge.org, accesed on July 2015
www.idioMeanings.com accesed on July 2015
www.ldoceonline.com accesed on July 2015
www.macmillandictionary.com accesed on July 2015
www.slang.ie, accesed on July 2015
www.wikipedia.org, accesed on July 2015
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Chapter I of this study presents such topics as: background of study,
statement of problem, purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope and
limitation, and definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of the Study
Language is an important tool of communication. Through language we
can express our opinion, ideas, thoughts, felling and even the culture. If there were
no language, there would be miscommunication, and as a human being, we will
get difficulties in having interaction with others. Besides, the existence of a
language can be used as a media for the transmission of informative messages.
At this moment, information has become a need for most people. To do
the information exchanges globally, we need to use a certain language that can be
understood by people from different countries. As we know, there are many
languages in the world and some of them have become an international language.
International language is a language that is used as a means of communication
among nations. English is one part of the international languages which almost
used by many people in the world either orally or even in written form. There
were many English writing products have been published abroad. However, some
people in certain target country may do not understand well when they read it as
English is a non-native language for them. Dealing with that problem, translation
is needed to transfer information from foreign languages and in order to make
communication among people with various languages possible.
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Newmark (1988: 5) states that, “Translation is rendering the meaning of a
text into another language in the way that the author intended the text.” It means
when a text is translated from source language to the target language, the meaning
must be held constant.
The activity of translating is very complicated since there are some aspects
which have to be considered by a translator. Translation requires a linguistic
knowledge, more specifically grammatical knowledge and versatility in semantic
analysis. The translator should also understand some aspects which are related to
the translation process such as the strategy, method, or technique because the
process of translation is more than translating sentence after sentence, but must
also brings the same intention of the author naturally. Therefore, the translator
plays an important role in transferring the information or message from the source
language to the target language.
Nowadays, there are many international scientific or non-scientific books
which have been published abroad and translated into various languages as well.
In studying translation, it is important to have this kind of bilingual or
multilingual printed media because it could help students in comparing between
the language use of the source text (ST) and the language use of target text (TT).
It can also be helpful for the lecturer because it can be used as an additional
medium of teaching.
Novel is one example of non-scientific book which is often made into two
language or more. There are a lot of famous international novels which were
published in Indonesia and some of them have also been translated into Bahasa
Indonesia, for example the series of “Harry Potter” by J.K Rowling,, “Twilight
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Saga” by Stephanie Mayer, “Lord of the Ring” by J.R.R Tolkien and many
others. To translate this kind of literary work is rather complicated because it will
always relate to a language style which surely different between the source
language and target language, figurative language, idiom, and so on.
An idiom is an expression, that is a term or phrase which the meaning
cannot be deduced from the literal definitions and the arrangement of its part, but
refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only through common use
(www.wikipedia.com/idiom). Looking on that definition, an idiom may be one of
the problematic factors that will be faced by a translator because the meaning
cannot be understood by looking at its individual word. To cope with that case,
there are some idiom translation strategies mentioned by many experts. One of
them is Baker (1992:72-78), who presents four strategies for translating idioms:
(1) using an idiom of similar meaning and form, (2) using an idiom of similar
meaning but dissimilar form, (3) translation by paraphrase, and (4) translation by
omission.
A previous study conducted by Sari (UDINUS, 2013) which analyzed the
strategy used by Mala Suhendra in translating idiomatic expressions of phrasal
verb in „Ms Wiz Goes Live‟ novel, found that from 45 idiomatic expressions of
phrasal verb were 95.55% translated by using similar meaning and dissimilar form
strategy. Besides, another results of the study which was done by Novianti (UNY,
2012), under the title “An Analysis of the Translation Strategies of Idiomatic
Expressions in Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland in Its Translation by Khairi
Rumanti” showed that paraphrase strategy was in the highest rank of the most
applied strategy (403 out of 445 cases).
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Idiom is sometimes hard to be understood by people, yet it is always
interesting to be learned because studying about idiom which is especially not
from our own native language, means that we also learn about the culture of a
country where those idioms come from. An idiom may have no equivalence in the
target language, but it doesn’t mean that it is untranslatable for there are many
strategies to overcome this problem. By those motivations, the researcher is
interested to analyze the strategy that is used by Monica Dwi Chresnayani in
translating idioms found in “P.S. I Love You” novel by Cecelia Ahern.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The problem in this research is, “What are the strategies used by Monica Dwi
Chresnayani as a translator in translating idioms found in Cecelia Ahern’s novel
“P.S. I Love You”?“
1.3 Purpose of the Study
In line with the statement of the problem above, so the aim of this study is,
“To identify the strategies used by Monica Dwi Chresnayani in translating idioms
found in Cecelia Ahern’s novel entitled “P.S. I Love You” into Bahasa
Indonesia.”
1.4 Significance of the Study
The result of this study could be used as an additional reference for the
readers, especially for students of English department who have the same interest
in translation, to get to know more about idioms and the strategy in translating
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them from one language to another language. This study could also give better
understanding, especially in understanding the idioms found in novel.
1.5 The Scope and Limitation
This study analyses the translation of idioms in Cecelia Ahern’s novel
entitled “P.S. I Love You. The scope of this study is limited to the classification of
the strategy used by Monica Dwi Chresnayani as a translator in translating
decoding idioms found in “P.S. I Love You” novel, based on Mona Baker’s theory
in her book “In Other Words, a coursebook on Translation. The explanations of
what decoding idiom is and the theory of idiom translation strategy by Mona
Baker will be clarified further in chapter II.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
To avoid misunderstanding on the concept that used in this study, the
researcher presents, the definition of the key terms as follows:
Idiom is an expression that the meaning cannot be predicted from the
literal definitions of its constituents.
Translation is a process of rendering a text from a certain language to
another language which also has to hold the intention of the author constantly.
Strategy, is a plan intended to achieve a particular purpose (Oxford
Learner’s Pocket Dictionary, 2008:439)
In this case, translation strategies consist of alternatives a translator has in
translating a specific English idioms expression into its Indonesian equivalent for
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the best understanding of Indonesian readers. Baker (1992:72-78) mentioned four
(4) strategies are workable in idiomatic translation and will be discussed further.
Novel is a work of literature written in a form of prose which contains
fiction of real story.
“P.S. I Love You” novel is a first novel of an Irish writer, Cecelia Ahern.
This novel published in 2004 and reached No. 1 best-seller status in Ireland (for
19 weeks), Britain, the United States, Germany, and the Netherlands. This is a
kind of romance novel which tells about Holly, a woman who was left by Gerry,
her husband, because Gerry’s life was taken by his serious disease, brain tumor.
Monica Dwi Chresnayani is a translator. She has translated many popular
novels and one of them is a novel by Cecelia Ahern, “P.S. I Love You”.
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