AN ANALYSIS OF JAVANESE DIALECT USED ON FACEBOOK TO UPDATE STATUS AND GIVE COMMENTS
AN ANALYSIS OF JAVANESE DIALECT USED ON FACEBOOK
TO UPDATE STATUS AND GIVE COMMENTS
THESIS
BY:
LUSI ASTRIANI
08360070
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
SEPTEMBER 2015
AN ANALYSIS OF JAVANESE DIALECT USED ON FACEBOOK
TO UPDATE STATUS AND GIVE COMMENTS
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requiremenet to
achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
BY:
LUSI ASTRIANI
08360070
ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
SEPTEMBER 2015
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhmadulillah, all praise be to Allah, the Merciful and Charitable. Because
of the guidance, blessing and affection, the writer can finish this thesis.
The writer would like to express the deepest gratitude to Drs. Soeparto,
M.Pd. as the first advisor and Bayu H. Wicaksono S. Pd., M. Ed., Ph. D as the
second advisor, for their suggestion, invaluable guidance and advice during the
long consultation period, and their comment and correction upon completing this
thesis.
A special thank goes to my beloved mother (NurHidayati), my super father
(Misnun Ali), my beloved brothers (Toni &Galang), my best friends (FLYD) and
Griya Shanta Girls (Devi, Dhelilla, Kinan, Jayanti, Lisa, and Ovi) for their
encouragement, supports, love, care, and pray so the writer can finish this thesis.
Malang, 2nd September 2015
LusiAstriani
TABLE CONTENT
Cover………………………………………………………………………...
Advisors Approval ..………………………………………………………...
Examiners Approval ………………………………………………………..
Motto and Dedication ………………………………………………………
Abstract ..........................................................................................................
Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………..
Table Content ……………………………………………………………….
Table List……………………………………………………………………
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
ix
Chapter I
1.1 Background of Study………………………………………………..
1.2 Statement of Problem ………………………….……………………..
1.3 Purpose of Study……………………………….…………………….
1.4 Significant of Study………………………………………………….
1.5 Scope and Limitation………………………………………..……….
1.6 Definition of Key Term ……………………………………………...
1
5
5
5
5
6
Chapter II
2.1 Variety of Language……………...………………………………….
2.1.1 Jargon………………………………………………………….
2.1.2 Slang ….……………………………………………………….
2.1.3 Style…………………..……………………………………….
2.1.4 Accent………………………...……………………………….
2.2 Dialect……………………………….……………………………….
2.2.1 Kind of Dialect ………………………………………………..
2.2.1.1 Geography Dialect …………………………………….
2.2.1.2 Social Dialect …………………………………………
2.2.1.3 Regional Dialect ………………………………………
2.2.2 Javanese Language ……………………………………………
2.2.2.1 Level of Javanese Language ………………………….
2.2.2.2 Dialect of Modern Javanese …………………………..
2.2.2.3 Phonetic Differences of Modern Javanese Dialect …...
2.2.2.4 Vocabularies Differences of Modern Javanese Dialect
2.3 Facebook ……………………………………………………………..
7
7
8
8
9
10
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
15
16
16
Chapter III
3.1 Research Design……………………………………………………..
3.2 Research Subject …………………………………………………….
3.3 Research Instrument…………………………………………………
3.3.1 Observation……………………………………………………
3.3.2 Document……………………………………………………...
3.4 Data Collection………………………………………………………
3.5 Data Analysis………………………………………………………...
18
18
19
19
19
20
20
Chapter IV
4.1 Finding……………………………………………………………….
23
4.2 Discussion……………………………………………………………
26
Chapter V
5.1 Conclusion…………………………………………………………...
5.2 Suggestion……………………………………………………………
28
29
Bibliography………………………………………………………………...
Appendix …………………………………………………………………….
30
33
TABLE LIST
Table 4.1.1
The List of Nouns Found …………………………………
23
Table 4.1.2
The List of Verbs Found …………………………………..
24
Table 4.1.3
The List of Adjectives Found ……………………………...
25
Table 4.1.4
The List of Adverbs Found ………………………………..
25
APPENDIX LIST
Appendix I
Status Update by Taufik Ahmad (June 22, 2015)
30
Appendix II
Status Update by Lestari Eka (June 23, 2015)
32
Appendix III
Status Update by Febriana Dwi (June 23, 2015)
34
Appendix IV
List of Javanese Words Found
35
Bibliography
Agha, Asif. 2007. Language and Social Relation. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press
Ary, Donald. 2008. Introduction of Research in Education 8th Edition. California:
Thomson Learning Inc.
Bayley, Robert and Cell Lucas. Sociolinguistic Variation-Theory, Method and
Application
Bogdan, Robert C. and Sari Knop Biklen. 2007. Qualitative Research for
Education. New York: Pearson Education. New York: Cambridge
University Press
Chamber, J.K and Trudgill, Peter. 2004. Dialectology. UK: Cambrige University
Press
Creswell, John W. 2012. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and
Evaluating Qualitative and Quantitative Research. Boston: Pearson
Education.
Everson, Michael. 2008. Proposal for encoding the Javanese script in the UCS.
Ireland:
Universal
Script
Project
(Online)
(http://www.evertype.com/informal.html)viewed on October 2nd, 2015
Fromkin, Victoria., Rodman, Robert. Hyams, Nina (eds). 2003. An Introduction to
Language 7th Edition. Boston: Wardsworth.
Holmes, Janet. 2013. An Introduction to Sociolinguistic: Fourth Edition. New
York: Routledge.
Hudson, R.A. 2001.Sosiolinguistic 2nd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press
Jendra, Made IwanIndriawan. 2010. Sociolinguistic: The Study of Societies
Language. Jakarta: GrahaIlmu
Koentjaraningrat. 1985. PerspektifBudayaJawa. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gajah
Mada
Masrozikin.
2015.
Bahasa
JawaPantura
(Online)
(https://masrozikin.wordpress.com/bahasa-jawa-pantura/)viewed on July
2nd, 2015
Masthi, NR Ramesh. Cadabam, Shreyas R. Sonaskshi, S. 2015. Facebook
Addiction among Health University Student in Bengaluru. International
Journal of Health & Allied Sciences 01/2015; 4 (1): 18.
DOI:10.4103/2278-344X.149234
Mesthrie, Rajend., Swann, Joan., Deumert, Ana. & Leap, William L. 2009.
Introducing Sociolinguistics 1st Edition. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University
Press
Mulya,
Fita.
2015.
MakalahAbreviasi.
(Online)
(http://bebekkecil27.blogspot.com/2011/12/makalah-abreviasi.html)
viewed on August 20, 2015
Palguno, R. and Rahayu, Sri. _______. Pinter PepakBasaJawa. Surabaya:
Anugerah
Rahman, AlfianDedi. 2011. A Study on Dialect Varieties Used by Tenggerese in
Javanese Regional Language. Malang: UniversitasMuhammadiyah
Malang
Richards, J. C. & Schmidt, Richard. 2010. Longman: Dictionary of Language
Teaching & Applied Linguistics 4th Edition. UK: Great Britain.
Romaine, Suzanne. 2000. Language in Society: An Introduction
Sociolinguistics 2nd Edition. New York: Oxford University Press
to
Rossa, Elva. 2015. Contok Kata Aferesis, ApokopdanSinkop. (Online)
(http://elvarossa.blogspot.com/2014/06/contoh-kata-aferesis-apokop-dansinkop.html) viewed on August 20, 2015
Soron, J Psychiatry. 2015. Successful Management of Facebook Addiction in
Bangladesh. (Online) (http://dx.doi.org)viewed on September 13, 2015
Trask, R. L. 1999. Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics. New York:
Routledge
Trudgill,Peter. 2000. Sociolinguistic: An Introduction to Language and Society 4th
Edition. London:Peguin Books
Wardhaugh, Ronald. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistic 5th Edition. UK:
Blackwell Publishing
Yule, George. 2006. The Study of Language 3rd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press
Zahrotul,
Nila.
2015.
Fonologi.
(Online)
on
(http://nilazahrotul.blogspot.com/2014/01/fonologi.html)viewed
August 20, 2015
___________. 2015. Abbreviation. (Online) (http://www.bloomsburyinternational.com/images/ezone/ebook/text-message-abbreviationspdf.pdf) viewed on August 20, 2015
___________. 2012. Facebook. (Online) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook)
viewed on October 19th, 2014
__________.
2012.
Javanese
Language.
(Online)
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_language) viewed on October 19th,
2014
__________.
2015.
TeknikPengucapanBunyiVokal
Bahasa.
(Online)
(http://belajar-bahasa-jawa.blogspot.com/2010/12/teknik-pengucapanbunyi-vokal-bahasa.html) viewed on August 20, 2015
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses about background of study, statement of problem,
purpose of study, significant of study, scope and limitation, and also definition of
key terms. Each section is presented as follows.
1.1 Background of Study
As human being, people need to communicate with others to express their
ideas or desires. While doing communication, they need an instrument and a
language is the instrument that can be used. According to Longman (2010),
“Language is the system of communication which consist of structured arrangement
of sound (or written presentation) into larger unite like morphemes, word,
sentences, utterance.” In addition, Agha (2007) stated that:
Language connects people to each other in social relationship and allows
them to participate in a variety of activities in everyday life and it not simply
a tool of social conduct but it effective mean by which human being
formulate models of conduct.
From the definitions above, we can conclude that language is not only a tool of
communication that used to interact and to share thought, but also an instrument
that created the structure of our society. It means that language and society cannot
be separated.
In line with the relation of language and society, people need to know about
a discipline science that study about it, namely Sociolinguistics. Based on
Wardaugh (2006):
Sociolinguistic is concerned with investigating the relationship between
language and society to get a better understanding about the structure of
language and how the language’s function in communication; the equivalent
1
goal in the sociology of language is trying to discover how the specific
linguistic features serve to classify the arrangement of particular society.
Therefore, we cannot separate between languages and society because both
of them have relation each other.
Another statement stated by Yule (2006: 205), “Sociolinguistics is used
generally for the study of the relationship between language and society.” As the
conclusion of those definitions, in sociolinguistic, the varieties of language occur if
there are social interactions which are done by societies and there are differences
of the speaker.
One of these varieties is called as dialect that it is distinguished through
several aspects. According to Fromkin (2003), these differences may by lexical that
relate to words or the vocabulary of a language as distinguished from its grammar
and construction, phonological or related to the sound of words, syntactic (the
structure of words) and semantic that related to meaning of morphemes, words,
phrases and sentences. According to Yule (2006),
“Dialect is used to describe the features of grammar and vocabulary as well
as aspect of pronunciation. It is also regarded as some kind of deviation from
norm – as variation of correct standard from language. On the other hand, it
refers to varieties which are grammatically as well as phonologically
different from other varieties.”
From that explanation above, dialect can be defined as a distinct form or variety of
language that differs from other varieties in specific linguistic feature.
Dialect itself is divided into several kinds; one of those kinds is regional
dialect. According to Wardhaugh (2002), regional dialect marks off the one resident
of region in which language is spoken and it is almost certainly noticed there are
the differences in pronunciation, in choices and forms of word and in syntax such
distinctive varieties. Longman (2010) stated that regional dialect is a dialect that
related with speakers living in a particular location. Some regional dialects have
2
been given traditional names which mark them out as being significantly different
from standard varieties spoken in the same places. In Indonesia, there are many
dialects that exist on the social community; one of them is Javanese dialect.
Javanese language is the language of the Javanese people from the central and
eastern parts of the island of Java but they have differences of the standard spoken
in the same places.
There are some previous researches studied about regional dialect found to
support this research:
A. Deviana (2012) in her research titled “A Study of Dialect Difference between
Javanese Surabaya and Madiun Used in Traditional Market in East Java”. She
found there were fifteen vocabularies which were indicated the differentiation
between Surabaya and Madiun societies. The vocabulary included into some
parts of speech. They were verb, adjective, adverb, preposition and noun; e.g.
vocabularies “like” as verb, it is “ser” (Surabaya dialect) and “arep’i” (Madiun
dialect). Besides, there were thirteen pronunciations which indicated the
differentiation between Surabaya and Madiun societies. The differentiation of
pronunciation was in some letters, most of them were vowel. E.g. word “add” in
Javanese “imboh”, it is /[e]mboh/ (Surabaya dialect) and /[i]mboh/ (Madiun
dialect)
B. Alfian (2011) in his research titled “A Study on Dialect Varieties Used by
Tenggerese in Javanese Regional Language”. This research showed that there
were some differences in the form of vocabularies and sound patterns used by
Tengger people in Javanese regional language. And also, there were some
variations of Tengger dialect in Javanese regional language in morpheme,
3
phoneme, and lexicon especially in the vocabularies and sound patterns used.
The variations also happen in the form of affixations. The accent of Tengger
dialect has unique characteristics in stressing of vowel, whether a vowel in the
end of syllable pronounced long, also Tengger dialect has flat intonation in
sentences used.
C. Wahyudi (2005) in his research titled “A Study on the Vocabulary Differences
between Ngoko Cepu and Malang Javanese Language”. He found that there were
the vocabulary differences between ngoko Cepu and Malang Javanese language
are on some nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. He is also found the factors
that caused the vocabulary differences between ngoko Cepu and Malang
Javanese language are regional and social factors.
From those previous researches above, it can be indicated that there are many
varieties of language is used for each ethnics and it is caused by the place where the
language exist or regional location.
Based on the differences of language used above, this study will also
analyze about dialect, especially the Javanese dialect with title “An analysis of
Javanese dialect used on facebook to status update and give comment”. As people
know that facebook is one of some social network that is being popular in this time.
It is used by almost all people in the world to communicate each other and Javanese
Community is one of the communities who use it to communicate with their
community in other places. Because being in the same region, they often use
Javanese language to communicate on facebook.
4
1.2 Statement of Problem
Depending on the previous explanation about background of the study, this
research has statement problem as follow:
What is the Javanese dialect used by Javanese Community to status update and
give comment on facebook?
1.3 Purpose of Study
Based on the previous statement of problem, the purpose of this study is:
To describe the Javanese dialects used by Javanese Community to status update
and give comment on facebook
1.4 Significant of Study
After completing the analysis, the writer expects that this analysis can give
some benefit, especially to English Department student and the society; especially
they who are not Javanese. To the student, it can be used to show the kind of
sociolinguistic subject where the result can be used as additional information and
also can be used as a study to discuss for the following researchers which related
with sociolinguistic problem. To society, this research hopefully can give more
explanation about Javanese language especially to other communities that
sometimes still confused about Javanese language so it can help them reduce the
difficulties of understanding Javanese.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
This study is focused on Javanese dialect used to update status and give
comment on facebook and compares each word with standard Javanese dialect. This
study is limited on the vocabulary aspect in four parts of speech (verb, noun,
5
adjective and adverb) that is used by the Javanese Community to status update and
give comment on facebook.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
Analysis: a research method applied to written or visual material for the purpose
of identifying specific characteristics of the material, such as textbooks,
newspapers, speeches, television programs, advertisements or any of a host of
other types of documents (Ary, 2006)
Regional Dialect: a dialect spoken un a specific geographic that may arise
from, and is reinforced by that areas integrity (Fromkin, 2003)
Javanese Language: The language of Javanese People from the central to the
eastern part of Java Island, Indonesia.
Facebook: Social networking site’s design to connect users. It means that it
helps people connect and share with other people in the world (Mayfield, 2008)
Status Update: Status which allows user to post message for all their friends to
read. In turn friend can respond with their comment (Zuckerberg, 2009)
Javanese Community: the population of Javanese people that live in an area,
not only on Indonesia as the original region but in neighboring countries as a
result of immigration activities. (Ethnipedia, 2015)
6
TO UPDATE STATUS AND GIVE COMMENTS
THESIS
BY:
LUSI ASTRIANI
08360070
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
SEPTEMBER 2015
AN ANALYSIS OF JAVANESE DIALECT USED ON FACEBOOK
TO UPDATE STATUS AND GIVE COMMENTS
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requiremenet to
achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
BY:
LUSI ASTRIANI
08360070
ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
SEPTEMBER 2015
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhmadulillah, all praise be to Allah, the Merciful and Charitable. Because
of the guidance, blessing and affection, the writer can finish this thesis.
The writer would like to express the deepest gratitude to Drs. Soeparto,
M.Pd. as the first advisor and Bayu H. Wicaksono S. Pd., M. Ed., Ph. D as the
second advisor, for their suggestion, invaluable guidance and advice during the
long consultation period, and their comment and correction upon completing this
thesis.
A special thank goes to my beloved mother (NurHidayati), my super father
(Misnun Ali), my beloved brothers (Toni &Galang), my best friends (FLYD) and
Griya Shanta Girls (Devi, Dhelilla, Kinan, Jayanti, Lisa, and Ovi) for their
encouragement, supports, love, care, and pray so the writer can finish this thesis.
Malang, 2nd September 2015
LusiAstriani
TABLE CONTENT
Cover………………………………………………………………………...
Advisors Approval ..………………………………………………………...
Examiners Approval ………………………………………………………..
Motto and Dedication ………………………………………………………
Abstract ..........................................................................................................
Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………..
Table Content ……………………………………………………………….
Table List……………………………………………………………………
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
ix
Chapter I
1.1 Background of Study………………………………………………..
1.2 Statement of Problem ………………………….……………………..
1.3 Purpose of Study……………………………….…………………….
1.4 Significant of Study………………………………………………….
1.5 Scope and Limitation………………………………………..……….
1.6 Definition of Key Term ……………………………………………...
1
5
5
5
5
6
Chapter II
2.1 Variety of Language……………...………………………………….
2.1.1 Jargon………………………………………………………….
2.1.2 Slang ….……………………………………………………….
2.1.3 Style…………………..……………………………………….
2.1.4 Accent………………………...……………………………….
2.2 Dialect……………………………….……………………………….
2.2.1 Kind of Dialect ………………………………………………..
2.2.1.1 Geography Dialect …………………………………….
2.2.1.2 Social Dialect …………………………………………
2.2.1.3 Regional Dialect ………………………………………
2.2.2 Javanese Language ……………………………………………
2.2.2.1 Level of Javanese Language ………………………….
2.2.2.2 Dialect of Modern Javanese …………………………..
2.2.2.3 Phonetic Differences of Modern Javanese Dialect …...
2.2.2.4 Vocabularies Differences of Modern Javanese Dialect
2.3 Facebook ……………………………………………………………..
7
7
8
8
9
10
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
15
16
16
Chapter III
3.1 Research Design……………………………………………………..
3.2 Research Subject …………………………………………………….
3.3 Research Instrument…………………………………………………
3.3.1 Observation……………………………………………………
3.3.2 Document……………………………………………………...
3.4 Data Collection………………………………………………………
3.5 Data Analysis………………………………………………………...
18
18
19
19
19
20
20
Chapter IV
4.1 Finding……………………………………………………………….
23
4.2 Discussion……………………………………………………………
26
Chapter V
5.1 Conclusion…………………………………………………………...
5.2 Suggestion……………………………………………………………
28
29
Bibliography………………………………………………………………...
Appendix …………………………………………………………………….
30
33
TABLE LIST
Table 4.1.1
The List of Nouns Found …………………………………
23
Table 4.1.2
The List of Verbs Found …………………………………..
24
Table 4.1.3
The List of Adjectives Found ……………………………...
25
Table 4.1.4
The List of Adverbs Found ………………………………..
25
APPENDIX LIST
Appendix I
Status Update by Taufik Ahmad (June 22, 2015)
30
Appendix II
Status Update by Lestari Eka (June 23, 2015)
32
Appendix III
Status Update by Febriana Dwi (June 23, 2015)
34
Appendix IV
List of Javanese Words Found
35
Bibliography
Agha, Asif. 2007. Language and Social Relation. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press
Ary, Donald. 2008. Introduction of Research in Education 8th Edition. California:
Thomson Learning Inc.
Bayley, Robert and Cell Lucas. Sociolinguistic Variation-Theory, Method and
Application
Bogdan, Robert C. and Sari Knop Biklen. 2007. Qualitative Research for
Education. New York: Pearson Education. New York: Cambridge
University Press
Chamber, J.K and Trudgill, Peter. 2004. Dialectology. UK: Cambrige University
Press
Creswell, John W. 2012. Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and
Evaluating Qualitative and Quantitative Research. Boston: Pearson
Education.
Everson, Michael. 2008. Proposal for encoding the Javanese script in the UCS.
Ireland:
Universal
Script
Project
(Online)
(http://www.evertype.com/informal.html)viewed on October 2nd, 2015
Fromkin, Victoria., Rodman, Robert. Hyams, Nina (eds). 2003. An Introduction to
Language 7th Edition. Boston: Wardsworth.
Holmes, Janet. 2013. An Introduction to Sociolinguistic: Fourth Edition. New
York: Routledge.
Hudson, R.A. 2001.Sosiolinguistic 2nd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press
Jendra, Made IwanIndriawan. 2010. Sociolinguistic: The Study of Societies
Language. Jakarta: GrahaIlmu
Koentjaraningrat. 1985. PerspektifBudayaJawa. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gajah
Mada
Masrozikin.
2015.
Bahasa
JawaPantura
(Online)
(https://masrozikin.wordpress.com/bahasa-jawa-pantura/)viewed on July
2nd, 2015
Masthi, NR Ramesh. Cadabam, Shreyas R. Sonaskshi, S. 2015. Facebook
Addiction among Health University Student in Bengaluru. International
Journal of Health & Allied Sciences 01/2015; 4 (1): 18.
DOI:10.4103/2278-344X.149234
Mesthrie, Rajend., Swann, Joan., Deumert, Ana. & Leap, William L. 2009.
Introducing Sociolinguistics 1st Edition. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University
Press
Mulya,
Fita.
2015.
MakalahAbreviasi.
(Online)
(http://bebekkecil27.blogspot.com/2011/12/makalah-abreviasi.html)
viewed on August 20, 2015
Palguno, R. and Rahayu, Sri. _______. Pinter PepakBasaJawa. Surabaya:
Anugerah
Rahman, AlfianDedi. 2011. A Study on Dialect Varieties Used by Tenggerese in
Javanese Regional Language. Malang: UniversitasMuhammadiyah
Malang
Richards, J. C. & Schmidt, Richard. 2010. Longman: Dictionary of Language
Teaching & Applied Linguistics 4th Edition. UK: Great Britain.
Romaine, Suzanne. 2000. Language in Society: An Introduction
Sociolinguistics 2nd Edition. New York: Oxford University Press
to
Rossa, Elva. 2015. Contok Kata Aferesis, ApokopdanSinkop. (Online)
(http://elvarossa.blogspot.com/2014/06/contoh-kata-aferesis-apokop-dansinkop.html) viewed on August 20, 2015
Soron, J Psychiatry. 2015. Successful Management of Facebook Addiction in
Bangladesh. (Online) (http://dx.doi.org)viewed on September 13, 2015
Trask, R. L. 1999. Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics. New York:
Routledge
Trudgill,Peter. 2000. Sociolinguistic: An Introduction to Language and Society 4th
Edition. London:Peguin Books
Wardhaugh, Ronald. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistic 5th Edition. UK:
Blackwell Publishing
Yule, George. 2006. The Study of Language 3rd Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press
Zahrotul,
Nila.
2015.
Fonologi.
(Online)
on
(http://nilazahrotul.blogspot.com/2014/01/fonologi.html)viewed
August 20, 2015
___________. 2015. Abbreviation. (Online) (http://www.bloomsburyinternational.com/images/ezone/ebook/text-message-abbreviationspdf.pdf) viewed on August 20, 2015
___________. 2012. Facebook. (Online) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook)
viewed on October 19th, 2014
__________.
2012.
Javanese
Language.
(Online)
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_language) viewed on October 19th,
2014
__________.
2015.
TeknikPengucapanBunyiVokal
Bahasa.
(Online)
(http://belajar-bahasa-jawa.blogspot.com/2010/12/teknik-pengucapanbunyi-vokal-bahasa.html) viewed on August 20, 2015
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses about background of study, statement of problem,
purpose of study, significant of study, scope and limitation, and also definition of
key terms. Each section is presented as follows.
1.1 Background of Study
As human being, people need to communicate with others to express their
ideas or desires. While doing communication, they need an instrument and a
language is the instrument that can be used. According to Longman (2010),
“Language is the system of communication which consist of structured arrangement
of sound (or written presentation) into larger unite like morphemes, word,
sentences, utterance.” In addition, Agha (2007) stated that:
Language connects people to each other in social relationship and allows
them to participate in a variety of activities in everyday life and it not simply
a tool of social conduct but it effective mean by which human being
formulate models of conduct.
From the definitions above, we can conclude that language is not only a tool of
communication that used to interact and to share thought, but also an instrument
that created the structure of our society. It means that language and society cannot
be separated.
In line with the relation of language and society, people need to know about
a discipline science that study about it, namely Sociolinguistics. Based on
Wardaugh (2006):
Sociolinguistic is concerned with investigating the relationship between
language and society to get a better understanding about the structure of
language and how the language’s function in communication; the equivalent
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goal in the sociology of language is trying to discover how the specific
linguistic features serve to classify the arrangement of particular society.
Therefore, we cannot separate between languages and society because both
of them have relation each other.
Another statement stated by Yule (2006: 205), “Sociolinguistics is used
generally for the study of the relationship between language and society.” As the
conclusion of those definitions, in sociolinguistic, the varieties of language occur if
there are social interactions which are done by societies and there are differences
of the speaker.
One of these varieties is called as dialect that it is distinguished through
several aspects. According to Fromkin (2003), these differences may by lexical that
relate to words or the vocabulary of a language as distinguished from its grammar
and construction, phonological or related to the sound of words, syntactic (the
structure of words) and semantic that related to meaning of morphemes, words,
phrases and sentences. According to Yule (2006),
“Dialect is used to describe the features of grammar and vocabulary as well
as aspect of pronunciation. It is also regarded as some kind of deviation from
norm – as variation of correct standard from language. On the other hand, it
refers to varieties which are grammatically as well as phonologically
different from other varieties.”
From that explanation above, dialect can be defined as a distinct form or variety of
language that differs from other varieties in specific linguistic feature.
Dialect itself is divided into several kinds; one of those kinds is regional
dialect. According to Wardhaugh (2002), regional dialect marks off the one resident
of region in which language is spoken and it is almost certainly noticed there are
the differences in pronunciation, in choices and forms of word and in syntax such
distinctive varieties. Longman (2010) stated that regional dialect is a dialect that
related with speakers living in a particular location. Some regional dialects have
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been given traditional names which mark them out as being significantly different
from standard varieties spoken in the same places. In Indonesia, there are many
dialects that exist on the social community; one of them is Javanese dialect.
Javanese language is the language of the Javanese people from the central and
eastern parts of the island of Java but they have differences of the standard spoken
in the same places.
There are some previous researches studied about regional dialect found to
support this research:
A. Deviana (2012) in her research titled “A Study of Dialect Difference between
Javanese Surabaya and Madiun Used in Traditional Market in East Java”. She
found there were fifteen vocabularies which were indicated the differentiation
between Surabaya and Madiun societies. The vocabulary included into some
parts of speech. They were verb, adjective, adverb, preposition and noun; e.g.
vocabularies “like” as verb, it is “ser” (Surabaya dialect) and “arep’i” (Madiun
dialect). Besides, there were thirteen pronunciations which indicated the
differentiation between Surabaya and Madiun societies. The differentiation of
pronunciation was in some letters, most of them were vowel. E.g. word “add” in
Javanese “imboh”, it is /[e]mboh/ (Surabaya dialect) and /[i]mboh/ (Madiun
dialect)
B. Alfian (2011) in his research titled “A Study on Dialect Varieties Used by
Tenggerese in Javanese Regional Language”. This research showed that there
were some differences in the form of vocabularies and sound patterns used by
Tengger people in Javanese regional language. And also, there were some
variations of Tengger dialect in Javanese regional language in morpheme,
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phoneme, and lexicon especially in the vocabularies and sound patterns used.
The variations also happen in the form of affixations. The accent of Tengger
dialect has unique characteristics in stressing of vowel, whether a vowel in the
end of syllable pronounced long, also Tengger dialect has flat intonation in
sentences used.
C. Wahyudi (2005) in his research titled “A Study on the Vocabulary Differences
between Ngoko Cepu and Malang Javanese Language”. He found that there were
the vocabulary differences between ngoko Cepu and Malang Javanese language
are on some nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. He is also found the factors
that caused the vocabulary differences between ngoko Cepu and Malang
Javanese language are regional and social factors.
From those previous researches above, it can be indicated that there are many
varieties of language is used for each ethnics and it is caused by the place where the
language exist or regional location.
Based on the differences of language used above, this study will also
analyze about dialect, especially the Javanese dialect with title “An analysis of
Javanese dialect used on facebook to status update and give comment”. As people
know that facebook is one of some social network that is being popular in this time.
It is used by almost all people in the world to communicate each other and Javanese
Community is one of the communities who use it to communicate with their
community in other places. Because being in the same region, they often use
Javanese language to communicate on facebook.
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1.2 Statement of Problem
Depending on the previous explanation about background of the study, this
research has statement problem as follow:
What is the Javanese dialect used by Javanese Community to status update and
give comment on facebook?
1.3 Purpose of Study
Based on the previous statement of problem, the purpose of this study is:
To describe the Javanese dialects used by Javanese Community to status update
and give comment on facebook
1.4 Significant of Study
After completing the analysis, the writer expects that this analysis can give
some benefit, especially to English Department student and the society; especially
they who are not Javanese. To the student, it can be used to show the kind of
sociolinguistic subject where the result can be used as additional information and
also can be used as a study to discuss for the following researchers which related
with sociolinguistic problem. To society, this research hopefully can give more
explanation about Javanese language especially to other communities that
sometimes still confused about Javanese language so it can help them reduce the
difficulties of understanding Javanese.
1.5 Scope and Limitation
This study is focused on Javanese dialect used to update status and give
comment on facebook and compares each word with standard Javanese dialect. This
study is limited on the vocabulary aspect in four parts of speech (verb, noun,
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adjective and adverb) that is used by the Javanese Community to status update and
give comment on facebook.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
Analysis: a research method applied to written or visual material for the purpose
of identifying specific characteristics of the material, such as textbooks,
newspapers, speeches, television programs, advertisements or any of a host of
other types of documents (Ary, 2006)
Regional Dialect: a dialect spoken un a specific geographic that may arise
from, and is reinforced by that areas integrity (Fromkin, 2003)
Javanese Language: The language of Javanese People from the central to the
eastern part of Java Island, Indonesia.
Facebook: Social networking site’s design to connect users. It means that it
helps people connect and share with other people in the world (Mayfield, 2008)
Status Update: Status which allows user to post message for all their friends to
read. In turn friend can respond with their comment (Zuckerberg, 2009)
Javanese Community: the population of Javanese people that live in an area,
not only on Indonesia as the original region but in neighboring countries as a
result of immigration activities. (Ethnipedia, 2015)
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