AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING USED BY USERS TO UPDATE STATUS ON FACEBOOK
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AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING USED BY USERS TO
UPDATE STATUS ON FACEBOOK
THESIS
BY:
REZA AZWAN ALFARISI 07360012
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION ENIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
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AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING USED BY USERS TO
UPDATE STATUS ON FACEBOOK
THESIS
This Thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education
BY:
REZA AZWAN ALFARISI 07360012
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION ENIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
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To Be Continue
(Life is an
A
D
V
E
N
TU
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I Dedicated My Study For My Own Life I Dedicated My Graduation For My Parents
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL SHEET ... i
LEGALIZATION ... ii
MOTTO & DEDICATION ... iii
ACKNOWLEDMENT ... iv
ABSTRACT ... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION... 1
1.1. Background of The Study ... 1
1.2. Statement of The Problem ... 4
1.3. Purpose of The Study ... 4
1.4. Significant of The Study ... 4
1.5. Scope and Limitation ... 5
1.6. Definition of Key Term ... 5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 6
2.1. Sociolinguistics ... 6
2.2. Bilingualism ... 7
2.3. Code ... 8
2.3.1. Code Switching and Code Mixing ... 8
2.3.2. Types of Code Mixing ... 10
2.4. Social Media ... 12
2.4.1. Kinds of Social Media ... 13
2.5. Social Network ... 15
2.5.1. The Biggest Social Network ... 15
2.6. Types of Code Mixing Users’ Update Status... 18
2.7. Previous Study ... 20
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD... 24
3.1. Research Design ... 24
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3.3. Research Instrument ... 25
3.4. Data Collection Procedure ... 26
3.5. Data Analysis ... 27
CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS... 29
4.1. Findings ... 29
4.1.1. Types of Code Mixing ... 29
4.1.1.1. The Insertion Pattern ... 29
4.1.1.2. The Alternation Pattern ... 32
4.1.1.3. Congruent Lexicalization Pattern ... 34
4.1.2. The Meaning of Code Mixing Used by Users to Update Status On Facebook ... 38
4.2. Discussions ... 42
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION... 44
5.1. Conclusion ... 44
5.2. Suggestions ... 44
5.2.1. Suggestion for the Lecturers ... 45
5.2.2. Suggestion for the Students ... 45
5.2.3. Suggestion for Further Researcher ... 45
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REFERENCES
Aqiidah, Zuyyina Noor. 2011. A Study On Code Mixing In “Colors” Program Used By Madani Fm Broadcasters In Bojonegoro. Unpublish. Malang: Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
Ary, Donald. Et.al. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education. Eight Edition. New York: Wadsworth Thomson Learning.
Ayeomoni. 2006. Code-Switching and Code-Mixing:Style of Language Use in Childhood in Yoruba Speech Community. Ile-Ife: Obafemi Awolowo University.
Babbie, Earl. 2002. The Basics of Social Research. Second Edition: Belmont. Wadsworth Thomson Learning
Collier, Anne and Magid, Larry. 2012. A Parents’ Guide to Facebook. Co-Directors, ConnectSafely.org
Mayfield, Antony. 2008. What is Social Media?. iCrossing
Mesthrie, Rajen. Et.al. 2009. Introduction Sociolinguistics. Second Edition. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
Meyerhoff, Meriam. 2006.Introduction Sociolinguistic. Oxon: Routledge.
Muysken, Pieter. 2000. Bilingual Speech a Typology of Code Mixing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Pranolo, Dwi Cokro. 2008. An Analysis of Code Mixing Used in “Empat Mata” Program on Trans 7 Tv. unpublish. Malang: Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Redouane, Rabia. 2005. Linguistic Constraints on Codeswitching and Codemixing of Bilingual Moroccan Arabic-French Speakers in Canada. Somerville: Cascadilla Press.
Ugot, Mercy. 2009. Language Choice, Code-Switching and Codemixing In Biase. Cross River: Bachudo Science Co. Ltd
Wardhaugh, Ronald. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Fifth Edition: Oxford. Blackwell
Yee Ho, Judy Woon. 2007. Code-mixing: Linguistic Form and Socio-cultural Meaning. Hong Kong: Lingnan University.
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http://tekno.kompas.com/read/2012/02/06/03380711/Media.Sosial.Bentuk.Perlawana n.Publik.untuk.Perubahan. Media Sosial, Bentuk Perlawanan Publik untuk Perubahan, copied on April 13, 2012.
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter discuses background of the study, statement of the problems, purpose of the study, significant of the study, scope and limitation, and the definition of the key terms.
1.1. Background of the Study
Nowadays, users’ activities of social media become a phenomenon which is found in this digital era. Kompas.com (Feb 6, 2012) notes that social media has become an important and easiest tool for people who want to express their
aspiration because they just write and share their sentences on internet. Therefore, they need social media as a tool of communication to share information.
Social media is a part of online media that consists of many characteristics which make users are interested to use it. In this reasons, Mayfield (2008) says that social media is a new type of online media group, which share most or all of the characteristics such as participation, openness, conversation, community and connectedness. In this paragraph, the users can open their minds in sharing information in social media.
There are kinds of social media such as blogs, wikis, microblogging, podcasts, forums, content communities and social networks. In this case, the social network becomes good topic to be discussed because it is easy to be used for communication. The social network is the tool for making connection with other users (Breiger, 2004). In this case, the social network is for communication each other easily on internet.
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Moreover, the biggest social networks are My Space, Bebo and Facebook (Mayfield, 2008). MySpace is social network used by users who have same interest for the purpose when they share information. Hupfer et al (2007) say that MySpace allows users to create their individual profiles in sharing similar
interests or goals. Therefore, the users can post and promote their music or videos on internet.
Then, Bebo Inc (2012) notes that Bebo is a popular social networking site which connects users to everyone and everything, such as another community, self-expression and entertainment, enabling users to consume, create, discover, curate and share digital content. So, it is social network site that allows users to have relationship with everyone or other social networks.
Besides, Facebook is social network which complete in its feature. In this reasons, the users can connect with everyone, posting photos or promoting their video and music, share information, send messages for other users, and anything else. Boyd and Ellison (2007) state that Facebook is social networking site (SNS) that connects people with friends and others who work, study and live around them or far away from them. In other hand, Dean (2009) says that Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues
In media communications, Facebook is preferred by users on virtual areas. It happens because users can apply its features easily (autodidact). Another reason is users able to share their information with sentence or quick text in update status
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box. Joshi & Rutledge (2011: 5) said “Write in update status box is for lets other Facebook users know what’s new in your life with the easiest way”.
Users commonly share information in their update status with unique sentences. By means, they usually combine different language to make a sentence which is known as code mixing (e.g. Aku forget nek ada test!!). According to Longman (in Pranolo, 2008), bilingualism is the use of at least two languages either by an individual or by a group of speakers, such as in the populations of a particular region or a notion. In addition, Deumert et al. (2009) state that
multilingualism is the act of using, or promoting the use of multiple languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers. They often write two or more different languages in one sentence. It could happen in bilingual or multilingual environment.
The code mixing refers to the mixing of two or more languages in one sentence or more. In code mixing, pieces of one language are used while a speaker is basically using another language (Gumperz in Jendra, 2010). Code-mixing is the embedding of various linguistic units such as affixes, words, phrases and clauses (Aeyomoni, 2006; Wardhaugh, 2006). In addition, Ugot (2009) also says that code mixing is the random alternation of two languages within a sentence.
Based on arguments above, the writer focuses on the process of combining words, called code mixing. It is often written by Facebook’s users when they update status on Facebook. Therefore, the writer is interested to investigate “An Analysis of code mixing used by users to update status on Facebook” as the study.
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1.2. Statement of the Problem
To clarify background of the study, the writer gives two questions that relate to the problem:
1. What are the types of code mixing used by users to update status on Facebook?
2. What is the meaning of code mixing used by users to update status on Facebook?
1.3. Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study is as follows:
1. To find the types of code mixing used by users to update status on Facebook.
2. To know the meaning of code mixing used by users to update status on Facebook.
1.4. Significant of the Study
The result of this study expected to give contribution in two ways: theoretically and practically, especially for English students in UMM:
1. Theoretically, it is expected to give more knowledge to English students-UMM about code mixing sociolinguistic subject.
2. Practically, it is expected to the users of Facebook. So, they have more information about code mixing, and then they can make an update status with more educational value and have variation in their sentence or quick text. Furthermore, their update status should be more interesting.
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1.5. Scope and Limitation
There are two scopes in this studies, the first is social networking called Facebook. Then, the users who update status with involve code mixing in their sentence. The participants whose support this study are from the researcher’s Facebook friend list. After that, the researcher watches Facebook’s home to see users’ whose update status with combine two or more languages in their sentence from 04.00pm to 07.00pm in a week.
1.6. Definition of Key Terms
To avoid misunderstanding, the key terms in this study are defined as follows:
1. Facebook
Facebook is a social networking site that allows you to create a personal profile page that can contain information about users, photos, groups you are a member of on Facebook, and spaces to post thoughts and opinions. (Boyd & Ellison, 2007))
2. Update status:
Creating a quick text update that lets another Facebook users know what is new in users’ life. (Joshi & Rutledge, 2011: 63).
3. Code mixing:
Code-mixing is the embedding of various linguistic units such as affixes, words, phrases and clauses from a co-operative activity where the
participants, in order to infer what is intended, must reconcile what they hear with what they understand (Aeyomoni, 2006; Wardhaugh, 2006).
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AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING USED BY USERS TO
UPDATE STATUS ON FACEBOOK
Name : Reza Azwan Alfarisi NIM : 07360012
Phone : 085646654481 Advisor 1 : Drs. Soeparto, M.Pd
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
This chapter discuses background of the study, statement of the problems, purpose of the study, significant of the study, scope and limitation, and the definition of the key terms.
1.1. Background of the Study
Nowadays, users’ activities of social media become a phenomenon which is found in this digital era. Kompas.com (Feb 6, 2012) notes that social media has become an important and easiest tool for people who want to express their
aspiration because they just write and share their sentences on internet. Therefore, they need social media as a tool of communication to share information.
Social media is a part of online media that consists of many characteristics which make users are interested to use it. In this reasons, Mayfield (2008) says that social media is a new type of online media group, which share most or all of the characteristics such as participation, openness, conversation, community and connectedness. In this paragraph, the users can open their minds in sharing information in social media.
There are kinds of social media such as blogs, wikis, microblogging, podcasts, forums, content communities and social networks. In this case, the social network becomes good topic to be discussed because it is easy to be used for communication. The social network is the tool for making connection with other users (Breiger, 2004). In this case, the social network is for communication each other easily on internet.
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Moreover, the biggest social networks are My Space, Bebo and Facebook (Mayfield, 2008). MySpace is social network used by users who have same interest for the purpose when they share information. Hupfer et al (2007) say that MySpace allows users to create their individual profiles in sharing similar
interests or goals. Therefore, the users can post and promote their music or videos on internet.
Then, Bebo Inc (2012) notes that Bebo is a popular social networking site which connects users to everyone and everything, such as another community, self-expression and entertainment, enabling users to consume, create, discover, curate and share digital content. So, it is social network site that allows users to have relationship with everyone or other social networks.
Besides, Facebook is social network which complete in its feature. In this reasons, the users can connect with everyone, posting photos or promoting their video and music, share information, send messages for other users, and anything else. Boyd and Ellison (2007) state that Facebook is social networking site (SNS) that connects people with friends and others who work, study and live around them or far away from them. In other hand, Dean (2009) says that Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues
In media communications, Facebook is preferred by users on virtual areas. It happens because users can apply its features easily (autodidact). Another reason is users able to share their information with sentence or quick text in update status
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box. Joshi & Rutledge (2011: 5) said “Write in update status box is for lets other Facebook users know what’s new in your life with the easiest way”.
Users commonly share information in their update status with unique sentences. By means, they usually combine different language to make a sentence which is known as code mixing (e.g. Aku forget nek ada test!!). According to Longman (in Pranolo, 2008), bilingualism is the use of at least two languages either by an individual or by a group of speakers, such as in the populations of a particular region or a notion. In addition, Deumert et al. (2009) state that
multilingualism is the act of using, or promoting the use of multiple languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers. They often write two or more different languages in one sentence. It could happen in bilingual or multilingual environment.
The code mixing refers to the mixing of two or more languages in one sentence or more. In code mixing, pieces of one language are used while a speaker is basically using another language (Gumperz in Jendra, 2010). Code-mixing is the embedding of various linguistic units such as affixes, words, phrases and clauses (Aeyomoni, 2006; Wardhaugh, 2006). In addition, Ugot (2009) also says that code mixing is the random alternation of two languages within a sentence.
Based on arguments above, the writer focuses on the process of combining words, called code mixing. It is often written by Facebook’s users when they update status on Facebook. Therefore, the writer is interested to investigate “An Analysis of code mixing used by users to update status on Facebook” as the study.
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1.2. Statement of the Problem
To clarify background of the study, the writer gives two questions that relate to the problem:
1. What are the types of code mixing used by users to update status on Facebook?
2. What is the meaning of code mixing used by users to update status on Facebook?
1.3. Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study is as follows:
1. To find the types of code mixing used by users to update status on Facebook.
2. To know the meaning of code mixing used by users to update status on Facebook.
1.4. Significant of the Study
The result of this study expected to give contribution in two ways: theoretically and practically, especially for English students in UMM:
1. Theoretically, it is expected to give more knowledge to English students-UMM about code mixing sociolinguistic subject.
2. Practically, it is expected to the users of Facebook. So, they have more information about code mixing, and then they can make an update status with more educational value and have variation in their sentence or quick text. Furthermore, their update status should be more interesting.
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1.5. Scope and Limitation
There are two scopes in this studies, the first is social networking called Facebook. Then, the users who update status with involve code mixing in their sentence. The participants whose support this study are from the researcher’s Facebook friend list. After that, the researcher watches Facebook’s home to see users’ whose update status with combine two or more languages in their sentence from 04.00pm to 07.00pm in a week.
1.6. Definition of Key Terms
To avoid misunderstanding, the key terms in this study are defined as follows:
1. Facebook
Facebook is a social networking site that allows you to create a personal profile page that can contain information about users, photos, groups you are a member of on Facebook, and spaces to post thoughts and opinions. (Boyd & Ellison, 2007))
2. Update status:
Creating a quick text update that lets another Facebook users know what is new in users’ life. (Joshi & Rutledge, 2011: 63).
3. Code mixing:
Code-mixing is the embedding of various linguistic units such as affixes, words, phrases and clauses from a co-operative activity where the
participants, in order to infer what is intended, must reconcile what they hear with what they understand (Aeyomoni, 2006; Wardhaugh, 2006).
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AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING USED BY USERS TO
UPDATE STATUS ON FACEBOOK
Name : Reza Azwan Alfarisi NIM : 07360012
Phone : 085646654481 Advisor 1 : Drs. Soeparto, M.Pd