AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING USED BY THE STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG TO UPDATE STATUS ON TWITTER
AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING USED BY THE STUDENTS OF
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG TO UPDATE STATUS
ON TWITTER
THESIS
By :
NILA ARI WIBAWATI
201010100311117
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2015
AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING USED BY THE STUDENTS OF
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG TO UPDATE STATUS
ON TWITTER
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
By :
NILA ARI WIBAWATI
201010100311117
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2015
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO:
Sesungguhnya di balik kesulitan ada kemudahan
(QS Al-Insyirah:6)
“There is no power and effort except help of Allah SWT”
(HR. Muslim)
“Keberhasilan tidak akan pernah mengkhianati proses”
(Anonymous)
This thesis is proudly dedicated to
My Lovely Mom and My Super Daddy
My Beloved Sister
Thank you for endless love, sacrifies, prayers, support
and advices.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillah Praise be to Allah SWT, the Almighty and merciful by the
guidance and blessing, I can finish this thesis. My sholawat and salam will always be
given to the beloved Nabi Muhammad SAW who has brought us from the darkness to
the lightness with the true religion, namely Islam
I would like to express her appreciation and sincere gratitude to Dra. Erly
Wahyuni, M.Si (Advisor I) and Puji Sumarsono, M.Ed, M.Pd (Advisor II) for their
patience, motivation, guidance, suggestion, advice and for their comments and
corrections during the completion of this thesis.
Furthermore,I dedicatemy deepest gratitude to my beloved parents Mr. Suraji
and Mrs. Winarsih (I always thankful to God that I was born as your daughter), and
her sister Riza Dwi M. Thanks For the pray, love, support, and many other things that
are always given to me.
Last but not least, I also would like to say big thanks to Happy Septian Rizal
Nuansa, member of “C class 2010”, KKN “11 Kromengan”, member of boarding
house “Cantik” and all of my best friends kiki, devi falatehan, laila, mareta, desyana
jaejong, lilies cutes, mba enyok, mba dida adi thank you for your support and endless
love. May Allah SWT always bless them all and write their kindness as worship.
Malang, February 2015
The Researcher
Nila Ari Wibawati
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ..................................................................................................
i
LEGALIZATION ..........................................................................................
ii
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ...........................................
iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ......................................................................
iv
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...........................................................................
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................
vii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study ....................................................................
1
1.2 Statements of the problem .................................................................
5
1.3 Purpose of the study ...........................................................................
5
1.4 Scope and limitation ..........................................................................
6
1.5 Significance of the study....................................................................
6
1.6 Definition of key terms ......................................................................
6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Sociolinguistics .................................................................................
7
2.2 Bilingualism .......................................................................................
8
2.3 Code ...................................................................................................
9
2.3.1 Code Switching .........................................................................
9
2.3.2 Code Mixing .............................................................................
10
2.3.3 Types of Code Mixing ..............................................................
11
2.4 Social Media ......................................................................................
14
2.4.1 Kinds of Social Media ..............................................................
15
2.5 Twitter ................................................................................................
16
2.5.1 Part of Twitter ..........................................................................
17
2.5.1.1 Home Twitter ........................................................................
18
2.5.1.2 Retweet .................................................................................
18
2.5.1.3 Replies and Direct Messages .......................................................
18
2.5.1.4 Hash Tags (sign and #hash Tags) ................................................
19
2.5.1.5 Twitters Status Update .................................................................
19
2.5.1.6 Profile ...........................................................................................
19
2.5.1.7 Timeline .......................................................................................
19
2.5.1.8 Photos ...........................................................................................
20
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Design.................................................................................
21
3.2 Research Object .................................................................................
22
3.3 Research Instrument...........................................................................
22
3.4 Data Collection ..................................................................................
23
3.6 Data Analysis ...................................................................................
23
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Findigs .................................................................................................
26
4.1.1 Types of Code Mixing ..............................................................
26
4.1.1.1 Insertion Pattern .........................................................
26
4.1.1.2 Alternation Pattern .....................................................
28
4.1.1.3 Congruent Lexicalization Pattern ..............................
28
4.1.1.4 Situational ..................................................................
30
4.1.1.5 Conversational ...........................................................
31
4.1.2
The Type of Code Mixing Frequently Used by The Twitter
User to Status Update Writing on Twitter .............................
32
4.2 Discussion ..........................................................................................
33
CHAPTER VCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion ..........................................................................................
35
5.2 Suggestions .........................................................................................
35
REFERENCES
APPENDIXES
REFERENCES
Alfarisi, Reza Azwan. 2007. An Analysis of Code Mixing Used by Users to Update
Status on Facebook. Malang: Unpublished thesis
Ary, Donald, et al. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education. Eight edition.
United States: Thomson Wadsworth
Ayeomoni, M. O. 2006. “Code-Switching and Code-Mixing: style of language use in
Childhood in Yoruba Speech Community”. Nordic Journal of African Studies, vol.
15, no. 1: 90-99
Brice, Alejandro. 2000. “A study of pragmatic and syntactic features”. Vol. 2, No. 1:
19 – 28
Cardenas. 2009. “Code switching and code mixing in internet chatting”. Vol. 5, No.
3: 67 - 78
Fitton, 2012. Twitter for dummies. New jersey: Jhon Wiley and son inc
Frankle & Wallen. 2012. How to design and evaluate research in education. New
York: McGraw hill
Hakuta, Kenji. 1989. “Bilingualism and education”. Vol. 4, No. 2: 374 – 379
Hamers & blanch. 2000. Bilinguality and bilingualism. New York: Cambridge
University Press
Ho, Judi Won Yee. 2007. “Code Mixing: Linguistic form and socio- cultural
meaning”. The international Journal of language society and culture, No. 21
Kingston, Charlene. 2011. Twitter for beginners. New York: media DIY workshop
(Icrossing.co.uk/ebooks) Mayfield, Antony 2010
Muysken. 2000. A typology of code mixing. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
Wardhaugh, Ronald. 1988. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. New York: Basil
Blackwell.
Wardaugh, Ronald. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Fifth edition. Malden:
Blackwell Publishing.
www.twitter.com (accessed on December 08th, 2014)
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses some topics related to the background of the study, the
statement of the problem, the purpose of the study, the significance of the study, the
scope and limitation, and the definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of Study
Communication is an activity of sending and receiving information or
messages between two or more people in an effective way, so that the messages are
understandable. In a society, people always communicate to establish a relationship.
Without communication, people cannot understand each other. Sophisticated
technology, social media help us communicate each other. Communication by using
technology can ease us to do it.
In order to have good communication in a society, people need media which
can be used to express their ideas or feeling. One of the media which can launch
communication is language. Language is a communication tool for people to interact
with other human beings. Therefore, human beings can express their ideas, emotions,
feelings and can exchange information about anything.
Nowadays activities using social media become a phenomenon in this digital
era. Social media have become an important and easiest tool for people who want to
express their aspiration because they just write and share their ideas on internet.
Therefore they need social media as a tool of communication to share information.
1
2
Social media as part of online media comprises many characteristics which
make users interested in it. Mayfield (2008:5) says that “Social media is best
understood as a group of new kinds of online media, which share most or all of the
characteristics such as participation, openness, conversation, community and
connectedness”. In other words, social media becomes a tool to share information and
meet new people in a cyber world.
The world has thousands of languages which have been an identity of a
nation. Different countries have different languages. Though not all the languages are
different, only a few languages are the same and those are not entirely have the same
pronunciation. Language is not only different in each country, even in one country
there are many languages of the region, or commonly called the local language.
Indonesia has many languages. They are Bahasa as a national language,
regional languages like Javanese, Sundanese, Maduranese and English as a foreign
language. In bilingual and multilingual societies, people may produce certain codes.
They produce some codes because they want to communicate with others smoothly
and, as result, the communication can run well.
Wardaugh (2006:88) stated that code is any kind of system that two or more
people employ for communication. Wei (in Cardenas 2009:2) notes that if code
alternation occurs at or above clause level, it is considered code switching, but if it
occurs bellow clause level then it is considered code mixing. Code switching and
3
code mixing are most important features and well studied speech processes in
multilingual communities. Code switching and code mixing is different. Romaine (in
Cardenas, 2009:2) views code switching as a phenomenon that occurs in a continuum
where both inter sentential and intra sentential code alternation takes place. On other
hand code mixing in languages is very common and strong among bilinguals the
world over. Code mixing which is also referred to the first language or second
language which interferes in speech events. Code mixing occurs in any form of
communication events in oral or written language. Code mixing in the form of written
language, for example, occurs in the status update writing on “twitter”. In status
updates writing on “twitter”, it is found the use of foreign language words.
Code mixing occurs in using media especially in written, for instance updated
status. Users mix two languages in one sentence. In using the internet media, twitter
is very popular in a society. Twitter becomes a part of social media used by people in
their daily communication. Therefore “twitter” helps to develop code mixing in a
society.
Kingston (2011:4) Twitter is a unique conversation tool that allows you to
send and receive short message (called tweets) within your community. Users can add
friends, send message and update their personal profiles to notify their friends about
themselves. Additionally, users can join networks organized by the workplace, school
or college. Besides, “twitter” has some features in which users may interact with
others. Some features include “Home”, “Notification”, and “Direct Message”.
4
“Home” is timeline of any update status with fewer than 140 characters posted from
followers. The update status allows users to inform their friends about their actions.
“Notification” is notice about reply tweets from the other users. “Direct Message” is a
personal message sent directly to someone who follows.
There are many researches related with the study of code mixing, one of
which was done by Reza Azwan Alfarisi (2007) entitles “An Analysis of Code
Mixing Used by Users to Update Status on Facebook”. The research design which
was used in his study was descriptive qualitative research. The users were selected as
the subject because they often used code mixing to update status. The research
instrument of this research was the writer himself. To collect the data, the researcher
used observation and documentation. The data were the update status of users. The
findings of this study were divided into two. The first was the types of code mixing
used by users to update status on Facebook. They were insertion, alternation, and
congruent lexicalization. The second was the meaning of code mixing used by the
users.
Nowadays, many people use foreign languages than local languages in social
media. In the information technology, people can accept foreign language terms more
than local language terms and people usually mix their languages especially in
twitter, so the writer wanted to conduct this study. In here Twitter differs from
Facebook. Greeley (in Fitton 2009:36) state that Facebook is closed, Twitter is open.
Facebook is structured, Twitter is scattered. Facebook is people you have known, and
5
many you might have wanted to forget; Twitter is people you never knew, but might
have wanted to meet, because of all that, barring an acquisition or failure to execute.
Twitter will overtake Facebook and become the backbone of the real-time web. So
Facebook is broadcasting status update to user’s friends and view user’s profile on
Facebook. On twitter, user can share update with the world. User can protect their
Twitter update so that only people allow can see them, but that is not very common.
Instead, most people leave their tweets open the public or share on the public, which
means anyone who is interested in what user saying, people can follow user and user
can choose to follow them back or just ignore them. Therefore, this study will focus
on the types of code mixing and the meaning of code mixing used by twitter users in
status update writing
1.2 Statement of Problems
Based on the background of study stated above, the problems of this research
are:
1. What are types of code mixing used by users to status update writing on
Twitter?
2. What is type of code mixing frequently used by twitter users to status update
writing on Twitter?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The research purposes of the study are directly related to statement of
problems. They are as follows:
6
1. To identify the types of code mixing used by users to update status on Twitter
2. To know type of code mixing frequently used by twitter users to status update
writing on Twitter
1.4 Scope and Limitation
The scope of this study is update status of followers or friend list of the
researcher. More specifically, this study is limited to update status of the students of
Muhammadiyah University Malang.
1.5 Significance of the Study
It is expected that the result of this research is very important because it can
give detail information about code mixing used by users to update status on “twitter”.
First the data and information obtained from this study are expected to be useful for
the “twitter” user and other researchers. Furthermore, the result of this study is also
expected to enlarge the readers’ knowledge.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
a. Code Mixing : when speakers use two or more languages below clause level
within one social situation. (Cardenas, 2009)
b. Update Status : status which allows users to post message for all their friends
to read. In turn friends can respond with their comment
(Zuckeberg, 2009)
c. Twitter
: is a unique conversation tool that allows you to send and
receive short message (called tweets) within your community.
Kingston (2011:4)
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG TO UPDATE STATUS
ON TWITTER
THESIS
By :
NILA ARI WIBAWATI
201010100311117
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2015
AN ANALYSIS OF CODE MIXING USED BY THE STUDENTS OF
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG TO UPDATE STATUS
ON TWITTER
THESIS
This thesis is submitted to meet one of requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in English Education
By :
NILA ARI WIBAWATI
201010100311117
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2015
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO:
Sesungguhnya di balik kesulitan ada kemudahan
(QS Al-Insyirah:6)
“There is no power and effort except help of Allah SWT”
(HR. Muslim)
“Keberhasilan tidak akan pernah mengkhianati proses”
(Anonymous)
This thesis is proudly dedicated to
My Lovely Mom and My Super Daddy
My Beloved Sister
Thank you for endless love, sacrifies, prayers, support
and advices.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Alhamdulillah Praise be to Allah SWT, the Almighty and merciful by the
guidance and blessing, I can finish this thesis. My sholawat and salam will always be
given to the beloved Nabi Muhammad SAW who has brought us from the darkness to
the lightness with the true religion, namely Islam
I would like to express her appreciation and sincere gratitude to Dra. Erly
Wahyuni, M.Si (Advisor I) and Puji Sumarsono, M.Ed, M.Pd (Advisor II) for their
patience, motivation, guidance, suggestion, advice and for their comments and
corrections during the completion of this thesis.
Furthermore,I dedicatemy deepest gratitude to my beloved parents Mr. Suraji
and Mrs. Winarsih (I always thankful to God that I was born as your daughter), and
her sister Riza Dwi M. Thanks For the pray, love, support, and many other things that
are always given to me.
Last but not least, I also would like to say big thanks to Happy Septian Rizal
Nuansa, member of “C class 2010”, KKN “11 Kromengan”, member of boarding
house “Cantik” and all of my best friends kiki, devi falatehan, laila, mareta, desyana
jaejong, lilies cutes, mba enyok, mba dida adi thank you for your support and endless
love. May Allah SWT always bless them all and write their kindness as worship.
Malang, February 2015
The Researcher
Nila Ari Wibawati
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL ..................................................................................................
i
LEGALIZATION ..........................................................................................
ii
STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY ...........................................
iii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION ......................................................................
iv
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...........................................................................
vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................
vii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study ....................................................................
1
1.2 Statements of the problem .................................................................
5
1.3 Purpose of the study ...........................................................................
5
1.4 Scope and limitation ..........................................................................
6
1.5 Significance of the study....................................................................
6
1.6 Definition of key terms ......................................................................
6
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Sociolinguistics .................................................................................
7
2.2 Bilingualism .......................................................................................
8
2.3 Code ...................................................................................................
9
2.3.1 Code Switching .........................................................................
9
2.3.2 Code Mixing .............................................................................
10
2.3.3 Types of Code Mixing ..............................................................
11
2.4 Social Media ......................................................................................
14
2.4.1 Kinds of Social Media ..............................................................
15
2.5 Twitter ................................................................................................
16
2.5.1 Part of Twitter ..........................................................................
17
2.5.1.1 Home Twitter ........................................................................
18
2.5.1.2 Retweet .................................................................................
18
2.5.1.3 Replies and Direct Messages .......................................................
18
2.5.1.4 Hash Tags (sign and #hash Tags) ................................................
19
2.5.1.5 Twitters Status Update .................................................................
19
2.5.1.6 Profile ...........................................................................................
19
2.5.1.7 Timeline .......................................................................................
19
2.5.1.8 Photos ...........................................................................................
20
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Design.................................................................................
21
3.2 Research Object .................................................................................
22
3.3 Research Instrument...........................................................................
22
3.4 Data Collection ..................................................................................
23
3.6 Data Analysis ...................................................................................
23
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Findigs .................................................................................................
26
4.1.1 Types of Code Mixing ..............................................................
26
4.1.1.1 Insertion Pattern .........................................................
26
4.1.1.2 Alternation Pattern .....................................................
28
4.1.1.3 Congruent Lexicalization Pattern ..............................
28
4.1.1.4 Situational ..................................................................
30
4.1.1.5 Conversational ...........................................................
31
4.1.2
The Type of Code Mixing Frequently Used by The Twitter
User to Status Update Writing on Twitter .............................
32
4.2 Discussion ..........................................................................................
33
CHAPTER VCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion ..........................................................................................
35
5.2 Suggestions .........................................................................................
35
REFERENCES
APPENDIXES
REFERENCES
Alfarisi, Reza Azwan. 2007. An Analysis of Code Mixing Used by Users to Update
Status on Facebook. Malang: Unpublished thesis
Ary, Donald, et al. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education. Eight edition.
United States: Thomson Wadsworth
Ayeomoni, M. O. 2006. “Code-Switching and Code-Mixing: style of language use in
Childhood in Yoruba Speech Community”. Nordic Journal of African Studies, vol.
15, no. 1: 90-99
Brice, Alejandro. 2000. “A study of pragmatic and syntactic features”. Vol. 2, No. 1:
19 – 28
Cardenas. 2009. “Code switching and code mixing in internet chatting”. Vol. 5, No.
3: 67 - 78
Fitton, 2012. Twitter for dummies. New jersey: Jhon Wiley and son inc
Frankle & Wallen. 2012. How to design and evaluate research in education. New
York: McGraw hill
Hakuta, Kenji. 1989. “Bilingualism and education”. Vol. 4, No. 2: 374 – 379
Hamers & blanch. 2000. Bilinguality and bilingualism. New York: Cambridge
University Press
Ho, Judi Won Yee. 2007. “Code Mixing: Linguistic form and socio- cultural
meaning”. The international Journal of language society and culture, No. 21
Kingston, Charlene. 2011. Twitter for beginners. New York: media DIY workshop
(Icrossing.co.uk/ebooks) Mayfield, Antony 2010
Muysken. 2000. A typology of code mixing. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
Wardhaugh, Ronald. 1988. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. New York: Basil
Blackwell.
Wardaugh, Ronald. 2006. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Fifth edition. Malden:
Blackwell Publishing.
www.twitter.com (accessed on December 08th, 2014)
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses some topics related to the background of the study, the
statement of the problem, the purpose of the study, the significance of the study, the
scope and limitation, and the definition of key terms.
1.1 Background of Study
Communication is an activity of sending and receiving information or
messages between two or more people in an effective way, so that the messages are
understandable. In a society, people always communicate to establish a relationship.
Without communication, people cannot understand each other. Sophisticated
technology, social media help us communicate each other. Communication by using
technology can ease us to do it.
In order to have good communication in a society, people need media which
can be used to express their ideas or feeling. One of the media which can launch
communication is language. Language is a communication tool for people to interact
with other human beings. Therefore, human beings can express their ideas, emotions,
feelings and can exchange information about anything.
Nowadays activities using social media become a phenomenon in this digital
era. Social media have become an important and easiest tool for people who want to
express their aspiration because they just write and share their ideas on internet.
Therefore they need social media as a tool of communication to share information.
1
2
Social media as part of online media comprises many characteristics which
make users interested in it. Mayfield (2008:5) says that “Social media is best
understood as a group of new kinds of online media, which share most or all of the
characteristics such as participation, openness, conversation, community and
connectedness”. In other words, social media becomes a tool to share information and
meet new people in a cyber world.
The world has thousands of languages which have been an identity of a
nation. Different countries have different languages. Though not all the languages are
different, only a few languages are the same and those are not entirely have the same
pronunciation. Language is not only different in each country, even in one country
there are many languages of the region, or commonly called the local language.
Indonesia has many languages. They are Bahasa as a national language,
regional languages like Javanese, Sundanese, Maduranese and English as a foreign
language. In bilingual and multilingual societies, people may produce certain codes.
They produce some codes because they want to communicate with others smoothly
and, as result, the communication can run well.
Wardaugh (2006:88) stated that code is any kind of system that two or more
people employ for communication. Wei (in Cardenas 2009:2) notes that if code
alternation occurs at or above clause level, it is considered code switching, but if it
occurs bellow clause level then it is considered code mixing. Code switching and
3
code mixing are most important features and well studied speech processes in
multilingual communities. Code switching and code mixing is different. Romaine (in
Cardenas, 2009:2) views code switching as a phenomenon that occurs in a continuum
where both inter sentential and intra sentential code alternation takes place. On other
hand code mixing in languages is very common and strong among bilinguals the
world over. Code mixing which is also referred to the first language or second
language which interferes in speech events. Code mixing occurs in any form of
communication events in oral or written language. Code mixing in the form of written
language, for example, occurs in the status update writing on “twitter”. In status
updates writing on “twitter”, it is found the use of foreign language words.
Code mixing occurs in using media especially in written, for instance updated
status. Users mix two languages in one sentence. In using the internet media, twitter
is very popular in a society. Twitter becomes a part of social media used by people in
their daily communication. Therefore “twitter” helps to develop code mixing in a
society.
Kingston (2011:4) Twitter is a unique conversation tool that allows you to
send and receive short message (called tweets) within your community. Users can add
friends, send message and update their personal profiles to notify their friends about
themselves. Additionally, users can join networks organized by the workplace, school
or college. Besides, “twitter” has some features in which users may interact with
others. Some features include “Home”, “Notification”, and “Direct Message”.
4
“Home” is timeline of any update status with fewer than 140 characters posted from
followers. The update status allows users to inform their friends about their actions.
“Notification” is notice about reply tweets from the other users. “Direct Message” is a
personal message sent directly to someone who follows.
There are many researches related with the study of code mixing, one of
which was done by Reza Azwan Alfarisi (2007) entitles “An Analysis of Code
Mixing Used by Users to Update Status on Facebook”. The research design which
was used in his study was descriptive qualitative research. The users were selected as
the subject because they often used code mixing to update status. The research
instrument of this research was the writer himself. To collect the data, the researcher
used observation and documentation. The data were the update status of users. The
findings of this study were divided into two. The first was the types of code mixing
used by users to update status on Facebook. They were insertion, alternation, and
congruent lexicalization. The second was the meaning of code mixing used by the
users.
Nowadays, many people use foreign languages than local languages in social
media. In the information technology, people can accept foreign language terms more
than local language terms and people usually mix their languages especially in
twitter, so the writer wanted to conduct this study. In here Twitter differs from
Facebook. Greeley (in Fitton 2009:36) state that Facebook is closed, Twitter is open.
Facebook is structured, Twitter is scattered. Facebook is people you have known, and
5
many you might have wanted to forget; Twitter is people you never knew, but might
have wanted to meet, because of all that, barring an acquisition or failure to execute.
Twitter will overtake Facebook and become the backbone of the real-time web. So
Facebook is broadcasting status update to user’s friends and view user’s profile on
Facebook. On twitter, user can share update with the world. User can protect their
Twitter update so that only people allow can see them, but that is not very common.
Instead, most people leave their tweets open the public or share on the public, which
means anyone who is interested in what user saying, people can follow user and user
can choose to follow them back or just ignore them. Therefore, this study will focus
on the types of code mixing and the meaning of code mixing used by twitter users in
status update writing
1.2 Statement of Problems
Based on the background of study stated above, the problems of this research
are:
1. What are types of code mixing used by users to status update writing on
Twitter?
2. What is type of code mixing frequently used by twitter users to status update
writing on Twitter?
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The research purposes of the study are directly related to statement of
problems. They are as follows:
6
1. To identify the types of code mixing used by users to update status on Twitter
2. To know type of code mixing frequently used by twitter users to status update
writing on Twitter
1.4 Scope and Limitation
The scope of this study is update status of followers or friend list of the
researcher. More specifically, this study is limited to update status of the students of
Muhammadiyah University Malang.
1.5 Significance of the Study
It is expected that the result of this research is very important because it can
give detail information about code mixing used by users to update status on “twitter”.
First the data and information obtained from this study are expected to be useful for
the “twitter” user and other researchers. Furthermore, the result of this study is also
expected to enlarge the readers’ knowledge.
1.6 Definition of Key Terms
a. Code Mixing : when speakers use two or more languages below clause level
within one social situation. (Cardenas, 2009)
b. Update Status : status which allows users to post message for all their friends
to read. In turn friends can respond with their comment
(Zuckeberg, 2009)
c. Twitter
: is a unique conversation tool that allows you to send and
receive short message (called tweets) within your community.
Kingston (2011:4)