CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
In this chapter, the background study of the project will be evaluated. The important features in this project such as video and the algorithm details are going to be
described further.
2.1 Video Compression and Coding Technique
In this subchapter, the needs of video compression, the coding technique and some explanation about selected video also will be included.
2.1.1 Introduction on Video Compression
A video is produced by two elements which are image and video data itself. To compress a video is exactly to compress these two elements. Image and video data
compression are a process in which the amount of data used to represent image and video, is reduced to meet a bit rate requirement, below or at most equal to the maximum
available bit rate. Although the data are reduced, the quality of the complexity of computation involved is affordable for the application.
Image and video data compression has been found to be necessary in several important applications such as visual transmission and storage. This is because, the
huge amount of data involved in these and other applications, usually very much exceeds the capability of existing hardware although the technologies in related
industries are growing up. Data representing information carried and the quantity of data exactly can be
measured. In the context of digital image and video, data are usually measured by the number of binary units or bits. The bit rate which also known as the coding rate, is an
important parameter in image and video compression and is frequently expressed in a unit of bits per pixel bpp. The term pixel is an abbreviation for picture element as is
sometimes referred to as pel. In information source coding, the bit rate is sometimes expressed in a unit of bits per symbol.
2.1.2 Coding Technique
The video coding layer consists of a hybrid of temporal and spatial prediction, in conjunction with transform coding. Figure 2.1 shows a block diagram of the video
coding layer for a macroblock. In summary, the picture is split into blocks. The first picture of a sequence or a random access point is typically “Intra” coded, i.e., without
using information other than that contained in the picture itself.
