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F. The Classroom Action Research CAR Procedures
The Classroom Action Research using Kurt Lewin’s design consists of four
phases within one cycle. In the planning phase, the writer starts to identify and
diagnose students’ understanding problem in learning passive voice of the simple
past tense. Then, the writer and the teacher dicussed to make the lesson plan related to teaching passive voice of simple past tense through Contextual Teaching
Learning method. Besides, the writer also prepared the research instruments such as
pre-test and post-test. In the acting phase, the teacher applies the strategy and the writer observes the activities during the teaching learning activity. In the observing
phase, the writer observes all activities occurred in the classroom, including the
teacher’s performance, the situation of the class, and the students’ response related
to the implementation of the action, etc. In the last phase, reflecting phase, the
writer collects the data derived from evaluation or post-test. And then, together with the teacher, he collaboratively evaluate and discuss further about any problems
occurred in the class . If the students’ score could not reach the score target yet, so it
needs to move to the next cycle concerning re-planning, re-acting, and re- observing. Therefore, the unfinished problems yet could be solved.
G. The Technique of Collecting Data
The technique of collecting data in this research used qualitative data experience-based and quantitative data number-based. The qualitative data
consists of observation within the physical activity in the classroom during Classroom Action Research and interview to be presented for the teacher before
and after Classroom Action Research. Meanwhile, the quantitative data used in this study includes pre-test and post-
test to know students’ improvement score in learning passive voice of simple past tense.
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Suharsimi Arikunto, Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2009, p. 127-132
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H. The Technique of Data Analysis
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