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written. In the last step of writing process, the writer rewrites his final draft by revising his rough draft and editing the errors of grammar, punctuation, and
mechanics.
2.3 The Aspects of Writing
In learning writing, we have to consider on the five aspects of writing. According to Heaton 1990:145-146, there are five aspects of writing skill;
content, grammar or language use, vocabulary, mechanics, and organization. The following parts will explain the aspects of writing in detail.
1. Content Writers have to consider the content of the writing in order to make the
reader understand the idea and the massages expressed in the writing. Heaton 1990:135 says that content deals with the writers’ ability to think creatively and
develop thoughts, excluding all irrelevant information. In other words, all writing must be clear. Content in writing involves the choice of words, and the
completeness of ideas expressed. Completeness refers to the details of information in a piece of writing that gives the reader an image of the ideas from the writers.
In this research, content is related to the students’ ability to choose the topic, organize the ideas, and exclude the irrelevant information in writing a recount
paragraph. 2. Grammar
Grammatical skill is important in writing. According to Fairbairn and Winch 2011:109, grammar is an element of writing deals with a set of rules to help a
writer construct sentences that make sense and acceptable in English. When a paragraph or a composition is written, grammar must be applied correctly in order
to make the writing sensible and acceptable. It is supported by Heaton 1990:135, a grammatical skill is the ability to write correct and appropriate sentences.
Therefore in writing a recount paragraph the students must be able to use correct grammar to make their meaning sensible.
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3. Vocabulary In order to compose a good writing the writer must have a great stock of
words and their meaning. Hornby 1995:959 defines vocabulary as a list of words with their meaning for understanding and communicating. When the readers have
lack of vocabulary, they will get difficulties to understand the content of writing. In addition, communication may become meaningless when the writer does not
use the proper vocabulary in composing a paragraph. 4. Mechanics
Mechanic is very important in writing. It deals with the use of particular conversation in written language. The wrong application of mechanical skill can
make someone misunderstand the message in certain writing. Related to mechanics, Heaton 1990:135 says that mechanical skill is ability to correctly
those conventions peculiar to the written language e.g. punctuation, spelling. a. Punctuation
Punctuation helps the writers to deliver their exact and clear meaning to the readers in their writing. Fairbairn and Winch 2011: 83 define punctuation as a
variety of devices that is to help the readers understand the meaning of writing. Therefore the writer must consider on the use of punctuation correctly so that they
can communicate clearly with the readers through writing. There are many kinds of punctuation. According to Fairbairn and Winch 2011: 84, the main
punctuation devices are: full stop ., capital letter A, B, C, D etc, question mark ?, exclamation mark , comma ,, semi colon ;, colon :.
b. Spelling The other part of writing mechanics is spelling. It is an important aspect to
produce a meaningful writing because if there are some misspellings in a word, it will change the meaning of word. It will make the reader confused to get ideas of
the sentences. Fairbairn and Winch 2011:100 explains that spelling is worth considering, because bad spelling can make the meaning ambiguous. Therefore,
the writers have to write the words in correct spelling to avoid misunderstanding the message which is conveyed in writing.
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5. Organization Organization is the students’ ability to arrange their ideas and information
in chronological and logical sequence. Organizing the text is very important for the writer to make their writing effectively understood by the readers
. Kanar
1998:16 states that organization in writing means presenting the material in order to make sense. There are two elements of organization they are coherence
and unity. It is important for paragraph to have unity. Wingersky et al. 1999:42 state
that unity means if the information in a text clearly and directly relates to the main idea. Therefore, in writing we should provide some supporting sentences to
support the topic or the main idea and avoid some sentences that do not give any information relates to the main idea we have. It means all of the sentences in a
paragraph must discuss the same idea. Coherence is another element of organization. Every good paragraph in a
composition must have coherence. One way to achieve coherence is through the use of transition signal. Oshima and Hogue 2007:81 say that transition signals
are word and phrases that connect the idea in one sentence with the idea in another sentences, they are expressions like firstsecond, moreover, however, and
in brief. Therefore, in writing a good paragraph we need some connectors to connect one sentence to another sentence to make it coherence.
2.4 The Definition of Paragraph
