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texts such as recount text and hortatory exposition text which the students have to learn in eleventh grade is stated in the second semester.
2.4 Procedure Text
Based on the teacher’s syllabus for English, the students of eleventh grade
should master types of text namely procedure, recount, and hortatory exposition. This research focuses on procedure text since it is taught to the eleventh grade
students of Senior High School at the first semester. According to Keir 2009:8
“procedure text is type of text which tells the reader about how to make or do something. It gives clear explanation in which
make the readers attain the goal. Procedure text consists of goal, materials, and steps which are called the generic structure. Based on Rog and Kropp 2004: 127
prosedure text can be presented in the list of steps and in the form of paragraph. Goal tells the information about the purpose of the text or the final purpose of the
instruction. It can be found in the very beginning of a text called a title. Materials usually consist of the ingredients, utensils, equipment to do the instruction or
steps. But, this part is optional, because some procedure texts do not require materials, for instance how to operate something. Meanwhile, steps are the sets of
instruction to achieve the final purpose. Besides generic structure, procedure text has language features; it represents the characteristics of procedure text itself. It
used to make the readers recognize what tense is used and so on. The characteristics are; use of action verbs, use of temporal conjunction, use of
adverbial phrase, use of simple present tense and use of adjective. In the following is the explanation of each point.
a. Use of action verb
Action verb is a verb which asks the subject to do commands. Example: Crack the egg into a bowl.
Mix all the ingredients in a large bowl. The underlined word shows the action verbs.
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b. Use of temporal conjunction
Temporal conjunction is a word which indicates a sequence from each sentence and shows the chronological order. The underlined words below are
the example of temporal conjunction. Example: The first step is mixing all of the dry ingredients together.
After that, grease a muffin pan lightly or line with specialty paper cups.
c. Use of adverbial phrase
There are some adverbial phrases, such as adverb of place, time, and manner. Example: Bake at 350 degrees F 180 degrees C for 25-30 minutes.
The underlined word belongs to adverbial of time.
d. Use of simple present tense
Simple present tense in procedure text usually is in the form of imperative sentences. It expresses a command to do the instruction.
Example: Eat and serve warm and add a slice of butter for a richer taste. Based on the example above, the writer asks the reader to eat and serve the
food. It is shown by the underlined words, that is “eat” and “serve”. e.
Use of adjective In procedure text, the adjectives usually are used to add details which relates
to the size, shape, color or amount. Example: add black pepper into the mix ingredients.
The underlined word adds detail that the color of the pepper is black.
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The following is the example of procedure text.
2.5 The Correlation between Attitude and Reading Comprehension
