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CHAPTER III THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS
In analyzing a novel, there are two elements that need to be considered. They are intrinsic elements and extrinsic elements. The analysis of intrinsic
elements can serve as a basic analysis that will lead to the analysis of extrinsic aspects of a novel. The intrinsic elements of literary works analyzed in this
chapter are plot, character and setting. The comprehension of these intrinsic elements of literary works is very useful to understand the social context that
exists in the extrinsic elements of the novel.
3. 1 Intrinsic Element of Literary Works
Intrinsic elements of literature are the fundamentals of literary works such as novel, drama, or poetry. These elements are the bones that construct literature
into a whole work. Therefore, these are important aspects to be analyzed in this study.
3. 1. 1 Plot
The plot is a basic concept of narrative story, as Perrine states that “plot is the sequence of incidents or events of which a story is composed” Perrine, 1988:
41. This indicates that the plot is the author’s arrangement of events in a story or
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narration. Through a plot, the author can choose and decide the events that she or he will use to build the story. The plot is quite different from a story in a novel, as
Forster explains that “... a story as a narrative of events arranged in their time- sequence. A plot is also a narrative of events, the emphasis falling on causality”
Forster, 1985: 86. It can be concluded that a story is the series of events arranged in chronological order. Meanwhile, plot is the series of events that has a
relationship of cause and effect. There is a classical model of the plot structure. It can be divided into five stages that consist of exposition, rising action, climax,
falling action, and conclusion. The following is the explanation of the five stages of the plot from Wheeler Wheeler, 2004 “Par 1 – 5”.
3. 1. 1. 1
Exposition
Exposition is setting the scene. The author introduces the characters and setting, provides a description and background. It is also about an exciting event
happens leading to the conflict which impels the story to move forward.
3. 1. 1. 2
Rising action
Rising action is the second stage where the basic conflict brews and the reader begins to feel the rising tension associated with this conflict.
3. 1. 1. 3
Climax
Climax is when the conflict increases until it reaches a turning point in the narrative severity which marks a change for better or worse in protagonist’s
affairs.
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3. 1. 1. 4
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