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Another research is from Herron Tomasello 1992 that also compared the effectiveness of deductive approach and inductive approach toward students
from French. In the deduction condition, the teacher began the lesson by pointing to a sentence on the board that exemplified the grammar rule. Then, the teacher
started reading the sentence aloud and gave brief explanation. After that, the teacher drilled the students and used flash card too. Meanwhile, in inductive
condition, the teacher started the lesson by introducing the topic of the lesson. The t
eacher also drilled the students orally. Then, the teacher directed students’ attention to the sentence in the board and asked them to fill in the blanks orally in
a group. The result from the research was that the inductive approach was superior to the deductive approach for the teaching of certain grammatical
structures. The effect was particularly strong in the immediate written test where the target structures were learned better in the inductive approach condition.
Khan 2007 observed the implementation of deductive approach and inductive approach in Bangladesh. The samples were the elementary school’s
students. In Khan’s research, Khan concluded that in many teachers of ESL classes in Bangladesh taught grammar deductively. The teacher gave some
grammar rules and the students memorized those rules. This method might ensure good grades in examination. However, when the students are asked to apply
grammar items in real life context, they face great problems. If the teachers avoid the traditional rule-giving of teaching and teach grammar inductively, it makes
the grammar teaching effective. Khan suggested avoiding rule-giving teaching or deductive approach in teaching grammar.
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B. Theoretical Description: Approaches in Teaching Grammar
Theoretical description part presents the theory that the researcher used in this research. The theory is about the approaches in teaching grammar. They are
deductive approach and inductive approach. There are two main opposing approaches to formal grammar teaching: the
deductive and the inductive approaches. In the former, the students were given the rule. After that, they applied it to examples. In inductive approach, the students
learn the grammar rule by generalizing the rule from a set of examples Larsen- Freeman, 2001. There are arguments that are related to deductive and inductive
approaches. Thornbury 1999 says that one of the advantages of the deductive approach is that it saves time and gets straight to the point. However, Thornbury
1999 also states that teaching grammar rule by starting the lesson with a grammar presentation is not suitable for the younger learners.
On the other hand, Bourke 1996 believes that the deductive approach tends to focus on form rather than meaning. Deductive approach also encourages
p assiveness rather than activeness in terms of learners’ involvement in the
learning process. Ellis 1997 states that allowing the learners to take responsibility for
discovering the underlying patterns of the target language affects retention. This is supported by Nunan 2005 who states that when the learners discover the
grammar rule by themselves, the grammar rules will be more meaningful and memorable. Furthermore, the active involvement of learners in the learning
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process is more likely to increase their attentiveness and motivation Thornbury, 1999.
Deductive approach is still being used as the approach in teaching grammar, especially for young learners. The researcher also found it in Aisyiyah
Full Day Elementary School. The materials on the studen ts’ book are still
presented deductively. However, Ellis 1997, Nunan 2005 and Thornbury 1999 say that inductive approach is better to teach grammar, especially for
young learners.
1. Deductive Approach
Deductive approach is also called rule-driven learning. There are many course books and grammar books that still use deductive approach Fortune,
1992. In the deductive approach, a teacher teaches grammar by presenting grammatical rules. After that, the teacher gives some examples. If the learners
have understood the rule, the teacher asks the learners to apply the rule and make some sentences.
Aisyiyah Full Day Elementary School still uses deductive approach to teach grammar. Implementing deductive approach to teach grammar is
considered simpler an easier. The students can learn grammar directly by learning what the teacher teaches to them or what the books presents. However, there are
disadvantages of deductive approach. One of the disadvantages is that deductive approach makes the students cannot be active in teaching-learning activity.
