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3.6 Data Analysis
After gathering the questionnaires, the data was documented in the columns as raw data. Then the data from the needs survey was analyzed and
presented in the form of table. Descriptive statistics was used for the survey study to describe or summarize the data. Descriptive statistics was one of the analyses to
describe the measures of central tendency. It was applied to find the tendency of the respondents’ opinions about the study in this research. The result of the survey
study was presented by using descriptive statistics to show the central tendency of the participants’ opinion.
There are three statistics to calculate the data. They are “mean, median and mode”. Yet only “mean” index was used in this study in order to get the
“average” scores. The reason of applying “mean” index was to find the average point of the total numbering data. The mean is the sum of all the scores divided by
the number of scores. To arrange the data into a frequency distribution, the sum of the scores was divided by multiplying each score by its frequency. The formula as
the following: M
═∑X N Where: M = mean
∑ = sum of or add up X = values
N = number of values
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3.7 Research Procedure
The writer explored the following procedures in the study:
Conducting a need survey
Searching the resources from books and internet
Formulating the purposes and listing the topics
Designing materials
Conduction an evaluation survey to the teachers and lectures.
Revising the materials
Presenting the final version of the instructional designed materials
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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter deals with the answer to the first question formulated in Chapter I, how to design a set of integrated instructional English materials. It
consists of two sections: the first section describes the survey result of Pre-design Survey and the second part discusses the result of evaluation research for Post-
design of the study.
4.1 The Steps in Designing the Materials
This section presents the processes of conducting this study. The writer adapted some steps from Kemp’s and Borg Gall’s models to design the
materials. In this study, there are five steps – 1 conducting need survey 2 formulating objectives and listing topics and 3 developing instructional materials
4 field testing, and 5 main product revision. In the first part, the explanation of three steps is as follows:
4.1.1 Conducting need surveyresearch and information collecting
It was very crucial to figure out the target learning needs of the learners for designing materials. With that reason, the writer considered a need survey as a
first step of this study. In this section, the writer is going to explain The need survey was conducted in order to assess the learners’ needs,
interests, difficulties of learning English. The survey was conducted through distributing and gathering questionnaires. The questionnaire for the learners
included two sections. The first section began with the participants’ profile – age,
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