24 product revision, main field testing, operational product revision, operational field
testing, final product revision, and dissemination and implementation. Yet, the writer applied just five steps in this study as it has similarity with the steps of the
theoretical framework in chapter II. The steps are explicated as follows:
3.1.1 Research and information collecting
Research and information collecting included review of literature, classroom observations, and preparation of report of state of the art Brog and
Gall 1983. Therefore, the writer conducted needs survey. The writer carried out the survey to obtain information about the learners’ purposes and needs in
learning English. The survey was done through questionnaires. The questionnaires were distributed to the advanced level students of St. Aloysius Gonzaga English
Language Institute.
3.1.2 Planning
In this step, planning includes defining skills, stating objectives determining course sequence, and small scale feasibility testing. Those aspects
were implemented to determine the goal of the course and lists the topics to be designed based of the learners’ target needs. Borg Gall 1983, p.779 stated that
“the most important aspect of planning a research-based educational product is the statement of the specific objectives to be achieved by the products”. As the
objective is the best way to develop the instructional materials, the writer formulate general and specific learning objectives based on the goal of course and
data from the need survey.
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3.1.3 Develop preliminary form of product
After accomplishing the second step, the third step was to develop the preliminary form of product. This step was preparation of instructional materials,
handbooks, and evaluation devices. In this step, the writer had to design instructional materials based on the need survey to achieve the goals. Designing
materials meant to consider content, to develop types of instructional
teachinglearning activities and tasks. 3.1.4 Preliminary field testing
This step was applied to get the evaluation for the instructional materials. In this study, the writer conducted an evaluation survey research in order to gather
the data of the teachers’ judgment, suggestion on the designed materials. The writer conducted evaluation survey to the teachers of the institute after designing
the materials. The writer used questionnaire as an instrument for the evaluation research of the study. The feedback from the teachers was very useful to improve
and modify the designed materials in order to produce proper designed materials.
3.1.5 Main Product revision
