also says that the thinking way of children is not same as adults. Cognitive development stage or thinking ability of each person depends on the age. The
more a person is grown up the more the thinking ability increases. As a teacher of young adults, the teacher has to consider the students’
emotional. Therefore, the teacher does not only play role as an educator but also as a mediator or facilitator for the students. In this case, the teacher’s talk is not
only a medium for teaching but also a medium for facilitating the conversation between the teacher and students. In other word, the students are used to using
English in daily conversation. Piaget identifies four stages in cognitive development from each
individual:
a. Sensorimotor stage Infancy, 0 to 2 years.
In this period, children still use their intelligence through motor activity without using a language as used by adults. In the children concept, world is
limited but it is still developing because it is based on physical interactions or experiences. Children at the age of seven month can use their mind to memorize
some objects. Motor activity which is done by children allows the children to begin developing new intellectual abilities. They start to define some physical
object into symbols, for example they can imitate animal voice or car engine sound. Some language abilities are developed at the end of this stage.
b. Pre-operational stage Toddler and Early Childhood, 2 to 7 years.
In this period, children intelligence is demonstrated using language. This stage is also called as the preparation of concrete operation stage. The operation
in this stage means that cognitive actions, such as classifying object, arrange objects position in sequence and counting. Their memory and imagination are
developed, but their thinking is done in a non-logical way because the children’ thought is based on concrete experience. Therefore, when children see different
objects they will also think it differently. In addition, the children in this stage are egocentric.
c. Concrete operational stage Elementary and early adolescence, 7 to 11 years.
In this stage, children start using their concrete thinking because operational thinking develops. It means that the children can do mental action as
not done by children at lower stage. Intelligence is demonstrated through logical and systematic manipulation of symbols related to concrete objects. Children’s
egocentric diminishes in this stage because they start socializing their life with other children.
d. Formal operational stage Adolescence and adulthood, from 11 through
