4. Psychology and Literature
There is a close relation between psychology and literature. Rene Wellek and Austin Waren in their book entitled Theory of Literature stated that
“psychology and literature has a close relation in which some works of literature talks about psychological cases”. They write “people can learn psychology that
may be revealed in works of literature by analyzing the works” Wellek, 1956: 81. Further more, “the important part is the application of psychological laws
within works of literature” 1956: 81. If the writer can prove that Mrs. Levi and Cornelius’ behavior in the play proper to what do we know about human
motivation, thus the writer is successful using psychological approach to interpret the Thornton Wilder’s play The Matchmaker.
C. Theoretical Framework
The first analysis aims to describe the characterization of Mrs. Levi and Cornelius. I use theory of characterization by Stanton, Rohrberger and
Woods, and Murphy to describe the characterization of Mrs. Levi and Cornelius. I also use it to describe the characterization of Mr. Vandergelder and also Mrs.
Molloy, who become the target of the courtship. Murphy states that an author has various ways to make the characters understandable. I use them to find out the
description of Mrs. Levi, Cornelius, Mr. Vandergelder, and Mrs. Molloy. The second analysis aims to find out the behavior of Mrs. Levi and
Cornelius in their courtship. Because discovering motives is impossible unless the motive is organized, the persistence of behavior is an important aspect of motive.
Using Social learning theory and also theory of love, I aim to find out their behavior in courtship. Social learning theory by Atkinson and Hilgard is used to
describe the behavior through environment. It is also used to describe behavior through others behavior. Theory of love by Rubin and Hatfield is used to describe
their behavior while they are in love. Rubin distinguishes between “liking” and “loving”, while Hatfield distinguishes between “passionate love” and
“companionate love”. The third analysis aims to find out Mrs. Levi and Cornelius’ motive in
doing courtship. In order to analyze this part I use some theories of psychology. I use the theory of motive by Hall, McClelland, and mostly Abraham Maslow to
find the real motives of Mrs. Levi and Cornelius’ courtship. Maslow states the hierarchy of needs; psychological needs, safety needs, belonging and love needs,
esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. In this study, those factors become employed in analyzing Mrs. Levi and Cornelius’ motives in doing courtship.
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study
The object of the study is a farce written by Thornton Wilder, The Matchmaker
. This play is a rewritten version of The Merchant of Yonkers, which was directed in 1938 by Max Reinhardt and is again dedicated to Max Reinhardt
with deep admiration and indebtedness. The new product was not a complete overhaul, but a careful and thorough revision of the original text. Because the
talented Ruth Gordon was cast as Dolly Levi, Wilder retooled and expanded the matchmakers role to fit the talent of his lead actress.
The Matchmaker was produced for the Edinburg Festival by Tennent
Productions. It was directed by Tyrone Guthrie and the production was designed by Tanya Moiseiwitsch. The first performance was at the Royal Lyccum Theater,
Edinburg, on 23 August 1954. The new collaboration was a success at the Edinburgh Festival in Scotland. And more praise followed a run at the Theatre
Royal in London. The Matchmaker hoped to strike up a similar relationship on the American stage, but the Philadelphia premiere brought back haunting memories
of the now-forgotten Merchant of Yonkers. The lukewarm reception was short- lived, and The Matchmaker found an audience in Boston and gained enough
steam to propel it to a Broadway debut.
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