Busye‘s novels has met aspects of erotic literature and does not contain pornography. This evident reflected on the results of the analysis of themes,
characters, and characterizations. In this analysis, it is revealed that sexuality and eroticism in Busye’s novels used as elements that have an organic unity, it can be
seen from its function as an idea that supports the story. It also shown that sexuality and eroticism in Busye’s novels contains moral message that can be
used as a source of learning in human life. From the brief explanations above, the writer wants to make this research
different from the previous research. The writer uses theory of figurative language and concept of eroticism to give something different to the readers.
Through this research, the readers can see how eroticism described in Katy Perry’s Song lyric Hummingbird Heartbeat and Peacock through figurative
language. This research also can be considered as a reference for next researchers.
B. Figurative Language
Language can be classified as either literal or figurative. When we speak literally, we mean exactly what each word conveys; when we use figurative
language we mean something other than the actual meaning of the words.
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From the statement it can be concluded that figurative language is language cannot be
understood literally, it is innuendo.
8
Robert DiYanni. 2003, Literature; Approaches to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama, New York, McGraw Hill Press, 2003. p. 709 c
Perrine explains figure of speech is any way of saying something other than the ordinary way.
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Figures of speech often provide emphasis, freshness of expression, or clarity.
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However, clarity may also suffer from their use as any figure of speech introduces an ambiguity between literal and figurative
interpretation. In poetry the use of figurative language is to make it more interesting, a figurative language tells much more than its single word, the words
written make a beautiful picture reflected in the poem. Further details of figurative languages explained as follow:
a. Metaphor and Simile
According to Perrine metaphor and simile are both comparison between things essentially unlike. The only distinction is that in simile the comparison is
expressed, by the use of some word or phrase such as like, as, than, similar to, or resemble. In metaphor the comparison is implied, the figurative term is substituted
for or identified with the literal term.
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Concisely, simile is referring to only one characteristic between two similar things, and metaphor in comparing two things
without connective word like in simile; both metaphor and simile are replacing the word or name for one object with another.
The example of both, simile and metaphor will be explained below; firstly metaphor example from William Blake’s poem The Sick Rose as seen
below; O Rose, thou art sick
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Laurence Perrine, Sound, and Sense An Introduction to Poetry Third Edition, ed. Thomas R. Arp San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1969, p. 65
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X.J. Kennedy, Messages: A Thematic Anthology of Poetry Boston: Little, Brown Company Limited, 1973, p. 373.
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Laurence Perrine 1988, op. cit. p.65
The invisible worm That flies in the night,
In the howling storm, Has found out thy bed
Of crimson joy, And his dark secret love
Does thy life destroy.
In the poem The Sick Rose above, we can see that the speaker use metaphor to tell the ‘Rose’ incur ‘the invisible worm’. Worm is poison for rose
here in the poem, the speaker use this metaphor to tell the ‘rose’ here is sick. The second example is simile; here is the example of this kind of
figurative language seen on Frances Darwin Cornford’s poem The Guitarist Tune Up
; With what attentive courtesy he bent
Over his instrument; Not as lordly conquerer who could
Command both wire and wood But as man with a loved woman might,
Inquiring with delight What slight essential things she had to say
Before they started, he and she, to play.
From the poem above we can see that Cornford uses simile and put word ‘as’ in the poem to represent when the speaker bent over his instrument not as
lordly conquerer who could, command both wire and wood, but as man with a loved woman.
