SUMMARY Object-oriented analysis methods enable a software engineer to model a problem by

21.7 SUMMARY Object-oriented analysis methods enable a software engineer to model a problem by

representing both static and dynamic characteristics of classes and their relation- ships as the primary modeling components. Like earlier OO analysis methods, the Unified Modeling Language builds an analysis model that has the following charac- teristics: (1) representation of classes and class hierarchies, (2) creation of object- relationship models, and (3) derivation of object-behavior models.

Analysis for object-oriented systems occurs at many different levels of abstrac- tion. At the business or enterprise level, the techniques associated with OOA can be coupled with a business process engineering approach. This technique is often called domain analysis. At an application level, the object model focuses on specific cus- tomer requirements as those requirements affect the application to be built.

The OOA process begins with the definition of use-cases—scenarios that describe how the OO system is to be used. The class-responsibility-collaborator modeling tech- nique is then applied to document classes and their attributes and operations. It also provides an initial view of the collaborations that occur among objects. The next step in the OOA process is classification of objects and the creation of a class hierarchy. Subsystems (packages) can be used to encapsulate related objects. The object- relationship model provides an indication of how classes are connected to one another, and the object-behavior model indicates the behavior of individual objects and the overall behavior of the OO system.

CHAPTER 21 O B J E C T - O R I E N T E D A N A LY S I S

REFERENCES [ALH98] Alhir, S.S., UML in a Nutshell, O’Reilly & Associates, 1998.

[AMB95] Ambler, S., “Using Use-Cases,” Software Development, July 1995, pp. 53–61. [ARA89] Arango, G. and R. Prieto-Diaz, “Domain Analysis: Concepts and Research Directions,” Domain Analysis: Acquisition of Reusable Information for Software Con- struction, (Arango, G. and R. Prieto-Diaz, eds.), IEEE Computer Society Press, 1989. [BEN99] Bennett, S., S. McRobb, and R. Farmer, Object Oriented System Analysis and Design Using UML, McGraw-Hill, 1999. [BER93] Berard, E.V., Essays on Object-Oriented Software Engineering, Addison- Wesley, 1993. [BOO94] Booch, G., Object-Oriented Analysis and Design, 2nd ed., Benjamin Cum- mings, 1994. [BOO99] Booch, G., I. Jacobson, J. Rumbaugh, The Unified Modeling Language User Guide, Addison-Wesley, 1999. [CAR98] Carmichael, A., Developing Business Objects, SIGS Books, 1998). [CHA93] De Champeaux, D., D. Lea, and P. Faure, Object-Oriented System Develop- ment, Addison-Wesley, 1993. [COA91] Coad, P. and E. Yourdon, Object-Oriented Analysis, 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, 1991. [EEL98] Eeles, P. and O. Sims, Building Business Objects, Wiley, 1998. [ERI98] Eriksson, H.E. and M. Penker, UML Toolkit, Wiley, 1998. [FIC92] Fichman, R.G. and C.F. Kemerer, “Object-Oriented and Conventional Analy- sis and Design Methodologies,” Computer, vol. 25, no. 10, October 1992, pp. 22–39. [FIN96] Fingar, P., The Blueprint for Business Objects, Cambridge University Press, 1996. [FIR93] Firesmith, D.G., Object-Oriented Requirements Analysis and Logical Design, Wiley, 1993. [GRA94] Graham, I., Object-Oriented Methods, Addison-Wesley, 1994. [JAC92] Jacobson, I., Object-Oriented Software Engineering, Addison-Wesley, 1992. [JAC99] Jacobson, I., G. Booch, J. Rumbaugh, Unified Software Development Process, Addison-Wesley, 1999. [MAT94] Mattison, R., The Object-Oriented Enterprise, McGraw-Hill, 1994. [MON92] Monarchi, D.E. and G.I. Puhr, “A Research Typology for Object-Oriented Analysis and Design,” CACM, vol. 35, no. 9, September 1992, pp. 35–47. [RUM91] Rumbaugh, J., et al., Object-Oriented Modeling and Design, Prentice-Hall, 1991. [RUM99] Rumbaugh, J., I. Jacobson, and G. Booch, The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual, Addison-Wesley, 1999. [SUL94] Sullo, G.C., Object Engineering, Wiley, 1994. [TAY95] Taylor, D.A., Business Engineering with Object Technology, Wiley, 1995. [WIR90] Wirfs-Brock, R., B. Wilkerson, and L. Weiner, Designing Object-Oriented Soft-

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