Theory of Dream Formalist Approach Psychological Approach

14 needs. Self-actualization may include the quest for knowledge, understanding, talent, creativity.

4. Theory of Dream

In The Interpretation of Dreams , Sigmund Freud 1990 states a person’s psychological state can be analyzed through dreams. There is a psychological technique to interpret dreams and this application will reveal as a psychological structure. Dreams are classified into two classes. The first class is dream which is influenced only by the present or the past such as insomnia or nightmare. The second class is determinative of the future, such as direct prophecies received in the dream, the foretelling of a future event, and the symbolic dream. Our dreams always connect themselves with such ideas as have shortly before been presented in our consciousness. Careful examination will nearly always detect a thread by which the dream has linked itself to experiences of the previous day. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 15

5. Formalist Approach

According to Klarer 1999, formalist approach is categorized as the text- oriented approaches. This approach regard literature as a unique form of human knowledge and it needs to be examined on its own terms. Proponents of formal analysis believe that universal statements or laws about the work can be done through internal structures and language. It focuses on literary devices of a piece of writing, such as the point of view, the tone, the setting, the characters, the diction, and other elements of the text. It will focus on logical connections within texts. All information which is essential to the interpretation of a work must be found with the piece itself.

6. Psychological Approach

The approach of this study is psychoanalytic theory proposed by Sigmund Freud. This approach involves the theory of psychology to explain the true meaning of the song lyrics as portrayed in the words of this song. The proponents of this approach insist tha t the main character’s thought and experiences can be referred to psychology of human being. The personality characteristics are mostly the reflection of the contents of the unconscious part of the mind. Guerin et al. 2011 stated, “The foundation of Fre ud’s contribution to modern psychology is his emphasis on the unconscious aspects of the human psyche” p.154. Through this approach, the character’s thought can be traced more profoundly. 16

7. Theory of Love