Theoretical Framework LITERATURE REVIEW

g. Reading Is Individual and Silent

Students read at their own speed. In some schools, there are silent reading periods when students read their self-selected books in the classroom. Most extensive reading, however, is homework. It is conducted outside the classroom. In ER II class, students read the materials they choose at home. They decide when and where they want to read in a week. They are also free to decide when they have to finish reading.

B. Theoretical Framework

The use of mind-mapping technique gives various experiences to the students. The students’ experiences of the use of mind-mapping technique also influence the students to have different perception. Perception is subjective experience a person has and in a learning process after heshe experiences and observes hisher signal or stimuli. Perception also includes the aspects of observing, comprehending, and responding certain thing. Each person will have different perception because heshe has his or her own interest and subjectivity. The implementation of the use of mind-mapping technique in ER II class is important to be known in order to know the cause of the student’s perception on the teaching technique being used by the lecturer. Therefore, observation aimed at discovering the implementation of the technique is conducted. The definition of mind-mapping technique is employed because mind-mapping technique is very useful to achieve the goal or purpose of the students’ learning. Mind-mapping are means which help students to think and learn. The nature of mind-mapping is that mind-mapping involves writing down key ideas in students’ own words, and then looking for branches out and connections between the ideas. By building a mind- map, we are mapping knowledge in a manner which will help us understand and remember new information. The theory of mind-mapping has a critical role to play in successful learning. Therefore, it is important if it is apllied by both students and teachers. The result of the observations will be written in paragraph to be analyzed and interpreted. In finding out what students’ perception on the use of mind-mapping technique in ER II class, the writer employs the relationship between Perceptions, Learning and Thinking and the factors influencing perception. The writer needs to know whether perception has relation with learning or not. Factors influencing perception are also needed by the writer because it helps the writer to find out factors that can make students have various perceptions on the strategy. In order to find out the second question, the writer distributes questionnaire and the results are coded, analyzed, interpreted, and written in paragraphs. The next chapter will discuss methodologies that are used to find out the answers of the three questions. 23

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the method of this study. There are five parts to be discussed in this chapter. They are method, population and subject of the study, research instrument, data gathering, research procedure, and data analysis.

A. Research Method

This research was survey research. According to Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh 2002, survey research is a technique in research whose data are gathered by asking questions to a group or individuals. Groves, Fowler, Couper, Lepkowski, Singer, and Tourangean 2004a also state that a survey is one of the most methods that is commonly used in the social sciences. Its aim is to understand the social phenomena, the societies work and also to test theories of behavior. It means that a survey research is research that is used to understand the human behavior and characteristics of the target people. Survey research was applied in this research since this research was aimed to find out the implementation of mind-mapping technique in ER II and the students’ perception on the use of mind-mapping technique in ER II. In survey research, the data is gathered by observing the human behavior, interviewing the target people and recording their answers Groves et al., 2004b. Therefore, the data of this research were gained from observation, interview, and questionnaire.