Source and Nature of Texts

In collecting anecdotes, one needs to develop a keen sense of the point or cogency that the anecdote carries within itself. Furthermore, one has to recognize what parts of the “texts” of daily living are significant for one’s study while it is happening. In doing so, one needs to be quite rigorous and construct accounts that are trimmed of all extraneous, possibly interesting but irrelevant aspects of the stories. Therefore, it may be necessary to go back to retrieve the relevant “trivia” that help to construct the anecdote. Van Manen, 1990: 69. Figure 3.2. Texts Processing Creswell, 2012: 261-262 Creswell 2012: 261 points out that the first step consists of “organizing the data, transcribing the interviews, typing field notes, and making the decision to analyze the data by hand or by computer”. In the first step, I organized the data and transcribed the in-depth-interviews. To protect the research participants and to maintain confidentiality, in transcribing the interviews, I removed some identifying details of the participants. In addition, the initial interview was not transcribed for the sake of the participants’ confidentiality. The second step, exploring and coding the data, refers to reading the transcriptions and coding them by assigning code labels. In the third step, the codes were used to generate themes. The fourth step, reporting the findings, refers to making narrative from the findings. The fifth step is interpreting the findings. From the narratives, I made the interpretation of meaning of the lived experience. In the last step, I validated the accuracy of the finding by doing member checking. In labelling the texts to form the description of lived experience, I used a coding system. The coding system consisted of five parts, namely appendix, participant’s name, the instrument to gather the data, and the unit of meaning. The coding example can be seen in “Senja8-Intv1-ELT-EB”. In the example, Senja8 refers to conversation 8 by Senja, Intv1 refers to in-depth-interview 1, and ELT-EB refers to English Language Teachers, Educational Background.

F. Trustworthiness

According to Creswell 2012: 259, throughout the process of data gathering and data processing in phenomenological research, the researcher needs to make sure that the findings and interpretations are accurate and credible by validating them. The strategy used in this research to produce trustworthy, accurate, and credible findings was by using member checking. Creswell 2012: 259 states that member checking refers to “a process in which the researcher asks one or more participants in the study to check the accuracy of the account”. In this research, I did member checking by showing the transcription from the previously conducted interview to the participants. I asked them to check whether PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI