prepositions, determiners and adverbs. Celce-Muria and Olshthain explained clearly about kinds of vocabulary the learner should know. The learners need
to learn both content and function words together and know how to use them. From the explanation above there are many kinds of vocabulary the
students should have known. The students should know which one is noun, verb, adjective and adverb. They are also expected to use the vocabulary they
know productively.
3. The Technique Use in Teaching Vocabulary
There are many techniques used by the teacher to teach vocabulary to their students. The teacher should determine the best technique suitable for the
students. Below some techniques used in teaching vocabulary: a. Gairns and Redman, state several techniques in teaching vocabulary,
they are: 1 visual technique, includes:
flash cards, photographs, blackboard drawing, wall charts and realia i.e. objects themselves.
mime and gestures, the mimic and gestures done by teachers to illustrate a situation when the words use.
2 verbal technique, includes: use of illustrative situation oral or written, teachers use
illustrative situation to explain the abstract words for example “I don’t mind”.
use of synonymy and definition, teachers often use the synonym to ease them in explaining new words and giving the
definitions to their students. contrasts and opposites, teachers use the opposites words to
introduce the new vocabulary. scales, once students learn the words and its contrast word it
will easier to expand the words.
examples of the types, teachers mentioning a word with pointing or bringing the items to the class.
3 translation, teachers translate the words into students first language.
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Those are the technique used in teaching vocabulary in many classes. Teacher could choose one of the suitable ways to teach vocabulary from the
list presented above to teach their students. b. According to Nation, the meaning of word can be taught in many
different ways, such as: 1 by demonstration or pictures
using an object using a cut-out figure
using gesture performing an action
photographs blackboard drawing or diagrams
pictures from book 2 by verbal explanation
analytical definition, defines the word by analyzing the word from its elements.
putting new word in a defining context, teaching the word based on the context where the word use.
translating into another language, this technique can be used to save times; the teachers tend to give the translation of word in
the students first language.
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Ruth Gairns and Stuart Redman, Working with Words: A Guide to Teaching and Learning Vocabulary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986,pp. 73-76.
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I. S. P. Nation, Teaching and Learning Vocabulary. Boston: Heinle Heinle Publishers, 1990, p. 51.
