ERRORS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ERROR AND MISTAKE
sample of learner language, identification of errors, description of errors, explanation of errors and evaluation of errors.
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First, collection of a sample of learner language. It is deciding
what sample of learner language to use for the analysis and how to collect these samples. We can identify three board types of error analysis
according to the size of the sample. Second,
identification of errors. After the learner language has been collected, the errors have to be identified. To identify errors we
have to compare the sentences learners produce with what seem to be normal or ‘correct’ sentences in the target language which correspond
with them.
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Third, description of errors. When the errors have been identified,
they can be described. There are several ways of doing this. One way is to classify errors into grammatical categories. Another way might be to
try to identify general ways in which the learner’s utterances differ from the reconstructed target language utterances.
13
As Ellis stated that “The
description of learner errors involves a comparison of the learner’s idiosyncratic utterances with a reconstruction of those utterances in the
target language ”.
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Fourth, explaination of errors. After the errors have been identified
and described, the next step is to try to explain them. Explanation is concerned with establishing the source of the error, i.e. accounting for
why it was made.
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At last, evaluation of errors. Because the purpose of the error
analysis to help learners learn second language, so there is a need to evaluate errors. It involves a consideration of the effect that errors have
11
Ellis 2008, op.cit.,p. 48
12
Rod Ellis, Second Language Acquisition, New York: Oxford University Press, 1997,
p.16
13
Ibid p. 18
14
Ellis 2008, op.cit, p. 54
15
Ellis 2008, op.cit, p. 57
on the person s addressed.
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The design of error evaluation studies involves decisions on who the addressed i.e. the judges will be, what
errors they will be asked to judge, and how they will be asked to judge them.
17
Based on the explanation above, the writer summarize that the procedure of error is the several steps to carry out an error analysis.
There are collection of sample of learner language, identification of errors, description of errors, explanation of errors and evaluation of
errors.