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Activities of this program consist of: 1
research on factors affecting knowledge, attitude and behavior of technical as well as managerial health workers;
2 investigation on health manpower requirement;
3 research on factors affecting acceptance of JPKM by the society;
4 development of model of drug planning based on rational drug use;
5 research on toxicology of foods, cosmetics, and health instruments;
6 research on medicinal plants, drugs and Indonesian indigenous treatment;
7 research and development of participation of traditional healers in overcoming
health problems; and 8
longitudinal study on the implementation of social safety net in health sector in the effort to overcome crisis.
7.5.
Health Policy and Developmental Management Research and Development Program
This program is aimed at to offer input of science and technology in order to support health development, mainly to support policy formulation, help problem solving and
overcome obstacles in health policy and developmental management. The target to be reached through this program is identification of factors affecting the
policy development and health developmental management to make them effective and efficient.
Activities of this program consist of: 1
research on policy formulation pattern in health sector; 2
research on data and information utilization in the regulation formulation in health sector;
3 development of health developmental management model that is effective and
efficient; 4
development of model for surveillance, data and information collection through the use of information technology;
5 development of health indicators;
6 research on analysis and evaluation of rules and regulations in health sector;
7 development of research network and national health development as a cross-
sectoral cooperation forum in health development.
7.6. Basic and Applied Science in Health Sector’s Research and Development
Program
This program is aimed at to find and master health science and technology in order to reduce dependence on science and technology from abroad.
The target to be reached through this program is the production of new science and technology in health and medical sector that is basic and applied in order to support health
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development, mainly to support policy formulation, help problem solving and overcome obstacles in the implementation of developmental programs.
Activities in this program consist of: 1
research on the development of vaccines through molecular biologic technology; 2
development of early diagnostic method for various diseases; 3
research on genetics of various disease vectors; 4
exploratory research on drug’s raw materials in order to find new drugs from natural substances;
5 research in the field of medicine and biotechnology;
6 research on phylosophy and methodology of Indonesian indigenous drugs
treatment; 7
research on monoclonal antibodies to detect fastly and accurately various diseases; and
8 development of model to overcome wastes using high technology.
Prioritized Health Program
Realizing the limitation of the available resources and adjusting it to the priority of health problems found in the society and its trend in the future, so in order to further accelerate
improvement in public health level that is regarded important to support the success of national developmental program, the following 10 prioritized programs are determined:
1.
Health policy, health finance and health laws program. 2.
Nutrition improvement program. 3.
Contagious disease prevention program including immunization. 4.
Healthy living behavior improvement and mental health program. 5.
Settlement area, clean water and air program. 6.
Family health, reproductive health and family planning program. 7.
Occupational safety and health program. 8.
Anti tobacco, alcohol and hashish program. 9.
Drugs, dangerous substances, foods supervision program. 10.
Prevention of accidents and injuries, including the traffic safety program.
Health Resource Requirements
For the implementation of health development toward Healthy Indonesia 2010, the availability of adequate health resources is necessary. As for what is meant by resources
in this respect it covers manpower resource, fund resource and health facility resource. A.
MANPOWER RESOURCE
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1.
Manpower Requirement
The implementation of national development with health concerns and health development needs various types of health manpower that has the ability to execute health
efforts with the health paradigm, i.e. prioritizing promotive and maintenance efforts as well as disease prevention. The need should be arranged in a health manpower
requirement plan according to the national target of intermediate term health developmental program year 2010. Then the need is calculated mainly against the work
load that should be born by the health manpower in order to achieve the goal of health efforts in the year 2010, it is then divided by the ability of the manpower to execute the
related efforts until year 2010. At present health manpower in Indonesia is around 769.832 workers, which consist of
364.916 society’s workers and 384.916 governmental workers. The trend in manpower supply by 2010 is about 1.399.624 workers which consist of 699.812 society’s workers
and 699.812 governmental workers. By observing the need of health program such as that stipulated in health developmental plan toward Healthy Indonesia 2010, and the possible
projected supply and empowerment of the workers, it is planned that health manpower throughout Indonesia by 2010 is 1.305.000 workers. Totally it seems that the number
needed and the supply of health manpower in 2010 is in enough balance. But when it is perceived more specifically the supply in several categories of worker is still lacking in
the effort to fulfill the need of the manpower, i.e. mainly of general practitioners, specialists, nurses, and midwives, as well as public health scholars.
Detailed picture of health manpower requirement from the society and the government, as well as according to the types of manpower and respective program principles, according
to the types of manpower and place of duty can be seen on table 13 and table 14. 2.
Supply of Manpower
In order to fulfill manpower requirement that has been planned, an upgrading in education and training as well as management of existing manpower is needed.
Supply of health manpower is done through manpower administration and training that is organized by the society and government. Government decides the policy of manpower
preparation for civil servants, which covers education and training as well as organization of education and training for health manpower that is strategic.
Health manpower education and training, being an integral unity, should be developed as a whole and related to the following matters:
1 Students
In the future the professional health manpower that will be developed is health manpower with medium and scholar grade. This policy is determined because of the
ever increasing quality of manpower needed and the ever increasing number of graduates equivalent to senior high school being produced.
2 Educators
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With the increasing quality of health manpower needed, it needs educator manpower that has high knowledge and skill beside having reliable ability to educate based on
the teaching technology.
3 Educational Institutions
Educational institutions in the future should be accredited and improved inquality so as to be able to play the role as health technical source beside as health manpower
supply source.
4 Soft Wares and Hard Wares
Soft wares and hard wares are inseparable elements in education activity. Hence both will be developed harmoniously.
5 Health Manpower Career Development
Health manpower career development will be based on career system and work performance. Education and training should be directed to the development of health
manpower’s career.
3.
Health Manpower Utilization
Health manpower utilization will be the most important element in the development of health manpower in the future. Hence ability to utilize manpower at all levels should be
increased. The career development of health manpower either from private or government is vital to
be improved continually and matched gradually. In this respect, government applies the policy of civil servant cultivation at central and regions that covers among other things
regulation of facilities, standards and procedures of workmanship and career development. Professionalism of manpower will be increased continually and done
through the application of state of art science and technology and through the application of moral values and ethics.
B.
FACILITY RESOURCE
1.
Health Facility Need
One of the important components in implementation of health development is health facilities that are able to support various health service efforts either at individual or
society level. At present there are 7.243 puskesmas, about 25.000 helper puskesmas, 522
government’s general hospital of various classes, 42 government’s special hospitals, 351 private hospitals and 616 private clinical laboratories outside the hospital. Beside that
there are also available regional office Kanwil and Duty Office Dinas at each province and district, municipality, training and educational facility, POM bureau, district
pharmaceutical warehouse, and environmental health technique bureau.
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For the future the need for health facility will be arranged by observing several basic assumptions as the following:
1 the shift in governmental role from being a dominant service organizer to become a
policy and regulation compiler by keeping attention on the services needed by the poor people.
2 the increasing potential of private sector in providing health services, especially that
of curative and rehabilitative ones; and 3
the settlement of economic and political crises in not too long time. With the above basic assumptions and limitation of available governmental resources at
present, and the willingness to increase service efficiency, then in general the number of health facilities of governmental sector in the future will not differ much from now. New
health facility construction in governmental sector will be avoided as far as possible. Developmental activity will be prioritized on quality improvement of the physical facility
and its service ability, e.g. up grading the state of helper puskesmas to become puskesmas, while puskesmas to become puskesmas with in-patient caring beds. And then puskesmas
can also be up graded in its function into a general hospital according to the public’s need. Also should be attended the needs of urban society which is different from rural society,
beside the fast wave of urbanization which should also be taken into attention while calculating health facility need in the future.
Beside that, capability of the private sector’s health service is hoped to grow too, either in number or in capacity.
2.
Health Facility Establishment
Establishment of health facilities is done altogether by the government and private by attending to the efficiency and accessibility by the poor people and special groups such as
infants, the under 5 years, and pregnant women. 3.
Health Facility Management
Health facility management is very important, especially with the increasing complexity of health service management in the future. Increased managerial, professional ability in
the government and private sectors, supported by improved technical ability of service
provider’s technical manpower is very necessary to be given attention in order to assure the success and everlasting of health service efforts nationally. Specifically the capability
of regional leaders in doing advocation and building partnership with other sectors and private sector should be improved.
In line with the decentralization effort in health sector, special attention will be directed to cost burdening, management, accountability of the resources following it. Flexibility in
doing managerial innovation will be further expanded. Specifically the balance of funding between central and regional government is one of the strategic policy that needs
attention especially in regions with still low indigenous regional income. Conducive climate for the organization of health facility in private sector will be further expanded in
order to push the growth of private sector. Various new regulations will be created in order to regulate this matter.
C.
FUNDING RESOURCE
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1. Funding Need
